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Author: Michael Michaely
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Comercio - America Latina
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Author: Michael Michaely
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Comercio - America Latina
Languages : en
Pages : 60
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Michael Michaely
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 60
Get Book Here
Book Description
As a rule, preferential trade agreements between countries in Latin America and the Caribbean will probably be far less meaningful than they are in Europe or even than they are in the Asia-Pacific region. But most Latin American countries would benefit from such an agreement with the United States. In the past decade a sea change has taken place in trade policies in Latin America: Within a few years, most of the region's economies have changed from restrictive to open policies. But unlike trade liberalization in Europe, most trade barriers in Latin America have been reduced unilaterally. Recently bilateral or multilateral agreements have been considered, especially preferential trade agreements within the region.Michaely evaluates the relevance and desirability of multilateral free trade agreements (such as NAFTA) for the Latin American continent and the Caribbean, with an emphasis on how they affect trade flows. Is a preferential trade agreement among some Latin American countries more or less likely to be meaningful than others - important in intensity of impact, or beneficial, or both? The evidence strongly suggests little likelihood that these agreements will succeed in Latin America. Paradoxically, the intense liberalization in recent years has made it less likely that such agreements would be beneficial - except possibly for agreements between some countries and Brazil, Mexico, or (to a lesser extent) Argentina.When the level of tariffs and nontariff barriers is already low, a preferential agreement is more likely to have an adverse impact than a beneficial one (although in any case only a slight impact). Between countries, the patterns of exports and imports are similar, suggesting a potential for trade diversion. Most countries would benefit from a preferential trade agreement with the United States, however. And U.S. agreements with blocks of Latin American countries are no more beneficial to those countries than are U.S. agreements with individual countries.This paper is a product of the Office of the Chief Economist, Latin America and the Caribbean Regional Office. The study was funded by the Bank`s Research Support Budget under research project Trade Creation and Trade Diversion in Latin America (RPO 679-38).
Author: Gabriel Gutiérrez
Publisher: United Nations Publications
ISBN: 9789211215724
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 65
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Book Description
This paper presents a discussion of the major methodological issues relating to some key studies assessing the employment effects of a particular Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA). In this line, the paper discusses an accounting model for decomposing the ex-post employment performance as related to Latin America PTAs. The paper defines a research agenda using the model, to disentangle the effects of different forces on changes in employment.
Author: Michael Michaely
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9814470570
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
Trade liberalization is arguably a major issue in the conduct of commercial policy. As a component of it, the relationship between universal, multilateral trade liberalization and the conclusion of preferential trade agreements — that is, a process of liberalization which discriminates between trading partners — has been a focus of analysis and debate. This book is designed to enhance understanding of the salient elements of these issues.The book searches for answers to significant questions that have not been raised before, and elaborates those discussed earlier in the literature but not yet settled. Some parts of the book are purely analytical, while others focus on general principles and comprehension of concrete instances and developments. The book formulates a variety of new methods, including the construction of new instruments of measurement, to enable both ex-ante predictions and ex-post assessments of the impact of liberalization and trade preferences. The revised edition incorporates the outcome of two important studies, exploring the impact of liberalization on trade structure and the pattern of regional trade relationships.
Author: Michael G. Plummer
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
ISBN: 9290921978
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
This publication displays the menu for choice of available methods to evaluate the impact of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs). It caters mainly to policy makers from developing countries and aims to equip them with some economic knowledge and techniques that will enable them to conduct their own economic evaluation studies on existing or future FTAs, or to critically re-examine the results of impact assessment studies conducted by others, at the very least.
Author: Aaditya Mattoo
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464815542
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 768
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Book Description
Deep trade agreements (DTAs) cover not just trade but additional policy areas, such as international flows of investment and labor and the protection of intellectual property rights and the environment. Their goal is integration beyond trade or deep integration. These agreements matter for economic development. Their rules influence how countries (and hence, the people and firms that live and operate within them) transact, invest, work, and ultimately, develop. Trade and investment regimes determine the extent of economic integration, competition rules affect economic efficiency, intellectual property rights matter for innovation, and environmental and labor rules contribute to environmental and social outcomes. This Handbook provides the tools and data needed to analyze these new dimensions of integration and to assess the content and consequences of DTAs. The Handbook and the accompanying database are the result of collaboration between experts in different policy areas from academia and other international organizations, including the International Trade Centre (ITC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and World Trade Organization (WTO).
Author: Sheila A Gutierrez de Pineres
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351786016
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
This title was first published in 2000: This text aims to be essential reading for anyone who wishes to understand the microeconomic foundations behind the Latin American export boom, the ways in which government policies affecting exports may retard or promote economic growth, and the future prospects of the proposed Free Trade Association of the Americas. The authors conduct an econometric analysis which uses measures of export diversification, structural change in exports, and exports similarity which provide a basis for region-wide comparisons. The cases of Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Venezuela are analyzed in particular detail. Cross-country analysis focuses on the potential role of export diversification in promoting economic growth, in the context of other important determinants of growth.
Author: Nihal Pitigala
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Asia, South
Languages : en
Pages : 71
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Book Description
The author further demonstrates through additional statistical measures--including revealed comparative advantage indices, trade concentration, and trade competition profiles--that the trade structures that have evolved among the South Asian Countries may not facilitate a rapid increase in intra-regional trade. But there is evidence that previous unilateral trade liberalization efforts in the South Asian countries have already had a positive impact in boosting both intra- and extra-regional trade. Continuing the process of unilateral liberalization, in parallel with regional integration, would aid the South Asian countries to continue to diversify their still narrow export bases and potentially evolve new comparative advantages and complementarities that could facilitate the successful implementation of SAFTA"--Abstract.
Author: Yasir Hussain
Publisher: Epitome Books
ISBN: 9380297025
Category : Free trade
Languages : en
Pages : 194
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Book Description
South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA), still in infancy compared to other regional arrangements, promises to take SAARC to new heights. Signed on 6 January 2004, it came into force on 1 January 2006. It aims at promoting and enhancing mutual trade and economic cooperation among SAARC countries. This book attempts to analyze whether SAFTA is likely to emerge as a success story in terms of greater flow of goods and services as well as in promoting economic integration in South Asian region. Also, it examines the emerging challenges facing the SAFTA. The texts of the Agreement on South Asian Free Trade Area and SAFTA Rules of Origin have been annexed as well.
Author: Co?kun Özer, Ahu
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799883167
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 291
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Book Description
International trade is vital in today’s world; international trade can be affected by a number of issues such as terrorism, economic crises, and pandemics such as COVID-19. It is crucial to understand the impact these global issues have on international trade and what happens to trade when global issues arise. A comprehensive guide of these issues is needed to provide background and understanding about international trade and its relationship with global issues. Global issues occasionally dominate a continuing theme of the international globalized world: global crises, war, security issues, global pandemics such as COVID-19, and trade wars. Global cooperation is required to solve such problems. Economically intellectual thinking will enable the development of guiding policies in solving these global problems. In this book, the effects of global issues on international trade will be evaluated, and policy recommendations will be made for the solution of the global issues. Impact of Global Issues on International Trade is a critical reference source that uses analytic research to analyze the effects of global economic and financial crises as well as global health crises and their impact on international trade. Pandemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the global economic crisis, and trade wars are discussed, and political suggestions are made to mitigate negative impacts. Covering a wide range of topics such as financial fragility and trade fairs, it is ideal for trade specialists, policymakers, government officials, managers, executives, economists, academicians, researchers, students, and industry professionals.
