Three Essays on Organizational Stability and Change in Manufacturing Firms from Developing Countries PDF Download
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Author: Chinawut Chinaprayoon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Author: Chinawut Chinaprayoon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 342
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Author: Albert John Morel Bollard
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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This dissertation presents three essays on industrial organization in developing countries. The first examines the causes of the large employer size-wage premium in Indian manufacturing. The second presents the strong empirical relationship between average manufacturing plant size and average labor productivity across industries and across countries. The third documents the effects of the 2004 enlargement of the European Union on firms close to the old economic border.
Author: Benjamin Patrick Eifert
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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This dissertation provides a theoretical and empirical investigation of the role of two under-explored factors in the performance of industrial firms in developing countries - one external to the firm in source, electricity service quality, and one internal to the firm, management practices. The first chapter lays out a theoretical framework that illustrates how poor electricity service quality can have particularly negative impacts on industrial productivity, including unexpected consequences like increased market concentration and oligopolistic behavior. The key idea here is that, because firms can produce their own electricity using private generators when the public grid is down, unreliable central power systems translate the substantial economies of scale in where relatively small producers are otherwise cost-competitive. As a result, larger firms can more easily dominate markets, potentially resulting in lower output and slower productivity growth. The second chapter turns to state- and firm-level data from India over the period 1979-2005, providing econometric estimates of the impacts of increases in electricity generation capacity on aggregate manufacturing output, employment and productivity, as well as suggestive evidence on the relationship between electricity shortages and the firm size distribution. The headline result is that a 1% increase in public sector electricity generation capacity is associated with a 0.13-0.26% increase in manufacturing output, about half of which comes from increased employment in the manufacturing sector and the remainder from increased productivity. These results put the present value of investments in public sector electricity generation capacity at roughly 2-4 times their cost. The third chapter turns to management practices, a similarly under-studied determinant of firm performance that lies primarily internal to the firm. Using data from an experiment on the randomized provision of management consulting services to textile manufacturing firms in India, this chapter provides a detailed methodology for measuring management practices on the shop-floor as well as econometric estimates of the impact of improved management practices on firm-level productivity, quality and profitability. The econometric results confirm the commonly held suspicion among businesspeople that the quality of management matters for firm performance; the improvements in management practices induced by the treatment increased the average plant's productivity by about 15% and its profitability by about 24% per year. The chapter also offers some suggestive evidence on why firms do not necessarily rapidly adopt modern management practices despite their benefits for productivity, focusing on the notion of management as a technology which diffuses slowly via knowledge transfer. Together, these three chapters provide a complex picture of the performance of firms in developing countries. External obstacles like poor electricity service quality broadly hinder economic growth and require improvements in state capacity, regulatory quality and the market environment to overcome. However, firms nonetheless can potentially make large gains in productivity and profitability from improving their internal systems and processes, including management practices. This story is consistent with the evidence of great competitive difficulties felt by many Indian firms struggling to compete with Chinese imports on the one hand, and the rise of great Indian multinationals like Tata and Reliance from humble beginnings as family businesses on the other.
Author: Aya Suzuki
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 306
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Author: C.J. Dixon
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 0429718160
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 191
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This book, an outcome of the conference in 1983 held at the University of Birmingham, examines the varied roles played by multinational corporations in the economies of the Third World countries and concentrates more closely on regional, national, sectoral or corporate levels.
Author: James R. Tybout
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Developing countries
Languages : en
Pages : 66
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Author: Zhexiong Tao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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"This thesis consists of three essays which focus on how manufacturing firms respond to external pressures: supply chain power and corruption. The first essay examines how weaker manufacturers respond to the dominance of stronger suppliers and/or customers within supply chain relationships. The extant literature on power in supply chains has focused on the dominant players who control and influence the behavior of weaker actors. These weaker actors have been portrayed as passive targets, their roles as decision-makers being largely left unexamined. In contrast, we take the perspective of the weaker manufacturers and find that they counteract the dominance of more powerful partners by using distinctive strategies dependent on the source of the power (suppliers or customers). Specifically, we find that weaker manufacturers often adopt exploration strategies to countervail the power dominance of suppliers, and adopt exploitation strategies to deal with more powerful customers. In dealing with both dominant suppliers and customers, weaker manufacturers are prone to adopt exploration and exploitation strategies simultaneously, and hence become ambidextrous. We also determine exactly how manufacturers' responses to powerful chain partners are moderated by external competitive intensity and their own internal resources.The second essay investigates the influences of exploration and exploitation strategies on supply chain integration which, in turn, affects operational and business performance. Using survey-based data gathered from 788 manufacturers in 22 economies with a wide coverage of Europe, North America, South America, and Asia, we find that manufacturers which pursue exploitation strategies are more likely to gain knowledge from suppliers, customers, and internal sales units, whereas those that pursue exploration strategies often acquire knowledge from suppliers, customers, internal sales units, and internal new product development units. The results of our analysis suggest that manufacturers pursuing exploration strategies are more likely to search a wider scope of inside and outside firms than do manufacturers pursuing exploitation strategies. We reveal that design-manufacturing integration is effective in improving operational and business performance, and customer integration is positively related to operational performance.The third essay investigates manufacturing firms' responses to corruption. Specifically, this study examines the effect of home country bribery on firms' international sourcing by developing two competing hypotheses. On the one hand, home country bribery enables a firm to lower import barriers, thus promoting international sourcing. On the other hand, bribery helps the firm build political connections with local government officials which strengthens the firm's position within the domestic country and thus decreases the incentive of exploring foreign supply sources. Adopting the instrument variable two-stage least squares method, we test these two competing arguments using a sample of 36,069 firms across 113 countries from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys. We find that home country bribery decreases, rather than increases, international sourcing. This suggests that firms that pay more bribes to home country government officials are more likely to choose domestic than foreign suppliers.In general, this dissertation finds that manufacturing firms develop distinctive strategies to deal with different types of external pressures (i.e., supply chain power and corruption). Specifically, we provide empirical evidence that these firms create tailored strategies dependent on whether they are facing powerful suppliers, powerful customers, or both. Further, we find that manufacturers reduce their international sourcing intensity in order to respond to home country bribery." --
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 848
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 546
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 978
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