Three Essays on Financial Markets and Institutional Investors

Three Essays on Financial Markets and Institutional Investors PDF Author: Blake Phillips
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ISBN:
Category : Investment analysis
Languages : en
Pages :

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Three Essays on Financial Markets and Institutional Investors

Three Essays on Financial Markets and Institutional Investors PDF Author: Blake Phillips
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Investment analysis
Languages : en
Pages :

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The Behavior of Institutional Investors

The Behavior of Institutional Investors PDF Author: Alexander Pütz
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783832531898
Category : Index mutual funds
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Institutional investors such as mutual funds and hedge funds play an important role in today's financial markets. This thesis consists of three essays which empirically study the behavior of active fund managers. In particular, the first essay investigates whether managers behave rationally or if some of them unconsciously make wrong investment decisions due to behavioral biases. The second essay examines whether some managers intentionally act to solely advance their own interests by strategically valuing the security positions in their portfolio. The third essay analyzes what the managers' education reveals about their investment behavior.

Three Essays on Microstructure and Institutional Investors of Taiwan Financial Markets

Three Essays on Microstructure and Institutional Investors of Taiwan Financial Markets PDF Author: Chi-hung Chang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 176

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Three Essays on Information Production and Monitoring Role of Institutional Investors

Three Essays on Information Production and Monitoring Role of Institutional Investors PDF Author: Xiaorong Ma
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781360996561
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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This dissertation, "Three Essays on Information Production and Monitoring Role of Institutional Investors" by Xiaorong, Ma, 马笑蓉, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: This thesis includes one essay about the information production of institutional investors and two essays about the monitoring role of institutional investors. The first essay empirically examines the association between investor base and information production in the context of stock splits. Using the proportion of 13F filers as the proxy for the size of investor base, we show that three proxies for stock price informativeness, adjusted probability of information-based trading (AdjPIN), price non-synchronicity and probability of information-based trading (PIN), decrease significantly due to enlarged investor base after stock splits. It suggests that institutional investors are less incentivized to gather firm specific information when firm''s investor base expands, which is consistent with the "risk sharing hypothesis," proposed by Peress (2010). Furthermore, we find that the change of the price informativeness around splits is negatively related to the magnitude of positive return drifts following splits. This result is consistent with the notion that less information incorporated in stock prices results in a sluggish response by the market to corporate event. The second essay empirically identifies an external corporate governance mechanism through which the institutional trading improves firm value and disciplines managers from conducting value-destroying behaviors. We propose a reward-punishment intensity (RPI) measure based on institutional investors'' absolute position changes, and find it is positively associated with firm''s subsequent Tobin''s Q. Importantly, we find that firms with higher RPI exhibit less subsequent empire building and earnings management. It suggests that the improved firm values can be attributed to the discipline effect of institutional trading on managers, which is in line with the argument of "Governance Through Trading." Furthermore, we find that the exogenous liquidity shock of decimalization augments the governance effect of institutional trading. We also find that the discipline effect is more pronounced for firms with lower institutional ownership concentration, higher stock liquidity, and higher managers'' wealth-performance sensitivity, which further supports the notion that institutional trading could exert discipline on a manager. The third essay focuses on a particular type of institutional investor, short sellers, and explores the discipline effect of short selling on managerial empire building. Employing short-selling data from 2002-2012, we find a significantly negative association between the lending supply in the short-selling market and the subsequent abnormal capital investment. Besides, we find a positively significant association between the lending supply and the mergers and acquisitions announcement returns of acquiring firms. These results suggest that the short-selling potential could deter managers from conducting over-investment and value-destroying acquisitions. In addition, the discipline effect is stronger for firms with higher managers'' wealth-performance-sensitivity, for firms with lower financial constraints, and for stock-financed acquisition deals. Finally, firms with higher lending supply also have higher Tobin''s Q in the subsequent year. These results indicate that short-selling is another important external governance force. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5066226 Subjects: Institutional i

Three Essays on Financial Markets

Three Essays on Financial Markets PDF Author: Cagdas Tahaoglu
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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This dissertation consists of three essays that address recent topics in financial markets that concern for scholars, policymakers, and investors. The first essay examines the benefits of international diversification for US investors, while accounting for market development, corporate governance, market cap effects, and structural change across countries over period August 1996 -July 2013. Improved risk adjusted returns are obtained from a diversified portfolio consisting of a mix of developed and emerging countries. Additionally, we find that diversification benefits are not significant for most of the small-cap foreign assets when an investor already holds position in corresponding countries large-cap assets. Diversification benefits based on the governance effectiveness of a country's companies are not ubiquitous. We find that economically significant improvements in risk-return performance can be attained by adding large caps of developed countries with high and low overall Governance Metrics International (GMI) ratings and large and small caps of emerging countries with low overall GMI ratings to the investment universe containing the assets of common law developed countries. However, diversification benefits are economically significant only for large and small caps of low GMI emerging countries when short selling is not allowed. The second essay looks at the market impact of recent regulatory changes in Canada that provide for trading halts on individual stocks that experience large upside or downside movements. The focus is on all stocks traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange since the inception of the single stock circuit breaker rule (SSCB) in February 2012, to replace the short-sale uptick rule. The results support pricing efficiency: material information that caused the circuit breaker is incorporated in stock prices on the day of the halt (neither overreaction nor underreaction), with no decline in market liquidity. Using trade-by-trade data constructed on 5-minute trading intervals, we refine the daily results, and show that shocks in realized volatility are focused in the ten-minute trading interval surrounding the halts. While circuit breakers provide a limited "safety net" for investors when their stocks are subject to severe volatility, they do not provide for a quick turnaround for stocks experiencing severe price decline events. The last essay re-examines the historical vs implied volatility spread anomaly, reported by Goyal and Saretto (2009) using a second-order stochastic dominance (SSD) criterion. The approach incorporates transaction frictions, and is robust to model specification problems, return distributions, as well as preferences. It is found that option trading frictions such as cash collateral requirements and option trading costs significantly reduce but do not eliminate returns to a long-short straddle trading strategy pre-2006 period. However, the anomaly disappears after 2006, consistent with market efficiency. The SSD test results confirm the findings.

Three Essays on Institutions, Financial Markets and Foreign Direct Investment

Three Essays on Institutions, Financial Markets and Foreign Direct Investment PDF Author: Tuan Viet Le
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Capital market
Languages : en
Pages :

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Three Essays on Financial Markets and Institutions

Three Essays on Financial Markets and Institutions PDF Author: Marcos Rietti Souto
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bank investments
Languages : en
Pages : 234

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Three Essays on Corporate Finance and Financial Institutions

Three Essays on Corporate Finance and Financial Institutions PDF Author: Yan Wang
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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"This dissertation consists of three essays. The first essay provides a systematic way to distinguish informed institutional trades from uninformed ones based on the relation between institutional trades and sequential public information. By studying actively managed U.S. institutions from 1994 to 2010, I show that institutional trades initiated by managers responding proactively to upcoming informational signals strongly predict future stock returns. A hedging portfolio based on these trades generates an average risk-adjusted abnormal return of approximately 3% per quarter. The predictability is more pronounced for stocks with higher information asymmetry, such as those of firms with high volatility and young age. I also find that the most informed institutional traders are likely to have short-term investment horizon, large block holdings, high industry portfolio concentrations, as well as reside in financial centers. My results indicate that the informedness of certain institutional investor groups is substantially reduced after Regulation FD. The second essay examines the product market impact of minority stake acquisitions. We show that partial equity ownership between rival firms has a significant impact on industry competition. Industry-level tests indicate that acquisitions of a minority stake in competing firms' equity are followed by higher output prices and higher price-cost margins, particularly in industries with high barriers to entry. Stock-price reactions of non-participating competitors of the acquirer and target are positive while announcement returns of customer firms are negative. Moreover, the positive (negative) stock-price reaction of competitors (customers) is more pronounced when the acquirer and target are larger firms with greater market share. These results indicate that equity ownership of rival firms dampens competition in an industry.The third essay examines whether foreign firms by listing on or delisting from regular U.S. stock exchanges affect their U.S. counterparts. We find that they do - negatively for listings and positively for delistings, - and the impact is especially profound for the listing events. The U.S. counterparts of foreign firms belonging to the same industry experience severe underperformance in the short- and long-run across a variety of financial and accounting performance metrics, such as firm returns as well as growth in sales, profits, total assets, and capital expenditures. For example, the average 60-day cumulative abnormal return of U.S. firms around the foreign listing date is negative 2%, while the 36-month post-listing return is negative 4.3%. This result is present among listings with and without U.S. equity issuance. In addition, incumbent U.S. firms experience changes in their financing policies and a reduction in analyst coverage following listings of competing foreign firms in the U.S. Our findings therefore highlight an important role of international markets in influencing U.S. firms and markets. " --

Three Essays on Financial Markets

Three Essays on Financial Markets PDF Author: Lu Zhang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Depressions
Languages : en
Pages : 137

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This thesis consists of three essays. The first essay studies the ability of stock return idiosyncrasy to predict future economic conditions over time. The second essay investigates the technological innovation and creative destruction during the 1920s and the 1930s, one of the most innovative periods in the 20th century. The third essay tests the performance of an investment strategy using information about past market-wide comovement. Stock return idiosyncrasy, defined as the ratio of firm-specific to systematic risk in individual stock returns, contains information about future growth rate in real GDP, industrial production, real fixed assets investment, and unemployment. Forecasts are generally significant one-quarter-ahead, particularly after World War II. These effects persist after controlling for other potential leading economic indicators, both in-sample and out-of-sample. These findings are consistent with information generating firms, presumably uniquely well-informed about economic conditions because their core business is information, adjusting their information production before downturns. The second essay studies the process of creative destruction during the technological revolution in the 1920s and 1930s. Intensified creative destruction magnifies the performance gap between winner and loser firms, and thus elevates firm-specific stock return variation. We find high firm-specific return variation in innovative industries and firms during the 1920s boom and the subsequent depression. We also find some evidence of elevated firm-specific return variation in manufacturing sectors with higher labor productivity, more research staff and more extensive electrification. In the third essay, we define the directional market-wide comovement measure as the proportion of stocks moving up together. Positing that high comovement reflects large fund inflows, we devise an investment strategy of entering the market whenever positive directional market-wide comovement passes a certain threshold. Specifically, this comovement-based investment strategy holds the market index when the market-wide upward comovement in the prior one to four weeks is above the fourth decile of the historical comovement distribution, and invests in the risk-free asset otherwise. During the sample period of 1954 to 2014, this strategy outperforms the NYSE value-weighted market index by 6.42% per year. Out of sample tests using NASDAQ stocks and TSE stocks validate the strategy. Our findings suggest that marketwide upward comovement identifies periods of market run-ups, when unsophisticated investor buying is apt to be driven by herding or information cascades.

Three Essays on Institutional Investors

Three Essays on Institutional Investors PDF Author: Ligang Zhong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 436

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In this dissertation, I investigate the impact of institutional investors on security prices and corporate policies, and offer a new perspective on the vital role that institutional investors play in the modern capital market. Specifically, on the impact on security price movements, I design a new measure of stock-level sentiment based on mutual fund publically disclosed portfolio information and provide a new dimension to better predict stock returns. A trading strategy based on the new sentiment metrics can generate an annualized alpha of 21.27%. The abnormal returns cannot be explained by the time-varying expected returns and transaction costs, and can be best explained by mutual fund overreactions. Hence, my findings can be interpreted as a new anomaly in a new era-when institutional investors are the marginal traders. On the impact on corporate policy side, I document two pieces of new empirical evidence on the importance of long-term institutional holdings: the entrenchment effect of long-term institutional holdings in the context of corporate financing decisions and the active monitoring role of long-term institutional investors in the context of international firms' accounting qualities. Combined with previous studies which favour a long-term institutional investor, the evidence on the cost side of long-term holding I document here can serve as the first call for an optimal investment horizon for firms operating in the U.S.