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Author: Wei Fan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Author: Wei Fan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Author: Susana Iranzo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 332
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Author: Gian-Paolo Klinke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Thèse. HEC. 2017
Author: Haeyeon Kim
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Additive manufacturing
Languages : en
Pages : 73
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Author: Jiaochen Liang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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In economic geography, there is a tendency to view regional economies as an inter-connected and endlessly evolving system. The way in which different sectors interact with each other in a region significantly influences the performance and future development of a local economy. This dissertation is comprised of three essays on U.S. regional economies, focusing on their resilience in the context of globalization as well as sector employment growth in recent decades. By investigating the impacts of entrepreneurship and industrial structure on the development and future pathways of a local economy, I seek to reveal details about the mechanisms of regional economic development and resilience from an evolutionary perspective. The first two essays are about regional resilience against trade shocks. Different from previous literature in this area, these two articles study economic resilience from a new perspective of evolutionary economic geography, which emphasizes the ability to reconfigure economic structure and develop new growth pathways. The first essay proposes several mechanisms through which entrepreneurs can help to mitigate adverse trade shocks. Empirical results confirm that the adverse marginal impacts of trade shocks on job losses are dampened in regions with higher self-employment rates. The second essay studies how a regional economy converts the adverse impacts of import competition into a stimulus for developing new growth pathways. It is found that regions experiencing greater import competition are more likely to attract new industry entrants, which in turn may offer new growth opportunities and counteract the direct losses from trade shocks. The third essay uses data on U.S. Commuting zones to investigate the heterogeneous impacts of industrial variety on the development of different sectors. The results suggest that industrial variety has a greater contribution to employment growth in two types of sectors: manufacturing industries that are technologically intensive, and geographically-agglomerated industries. This suggests the roles of industrial variety in contributing to growth are principally sector-based, and significantly depend on region-industry specific conditions.
Author: Ron Martin
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351159186
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 723
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Economic geographers have always argued that space is key to understanding the economy, that the processes of economic growth and development do not occur uniformly across geographic space, but rather differ in degree and form as between different nations, regions, cities and localities, with major implications for the geographies of wealth and welfare. This was true in the industrial phase of global capitalism, and is no less true in the contemporary era of post-industrial, knowledge-driven global capitalism. Indeed, the marked changes occurring in the structure and operation of the economy, in the sources of wealth creation, in the organisation of the firm, in the nature of work, in the boundaries between market and state, and in the regulation of the socio-economy, have stimulated an unprecedented wave of theoretical, conceptual and empirical enquiry by economic geographers. Even economists, who traditionally have viewed the economy in non-spatial terms, as existing on the head of the proverbial pin, are increasingly recognising the importance of space, place and location to understanding economic growth, technological innovation, competitiveness and globalisation. This collection of previously published work, though containing but a fraction of the huge explosion in research and publication that has occurred over the past two decades, seeks to convey a sense of this exciting phase in the intellectual development of the discipline and its importance in grasping the spatialities of contemporary economic life.
Author: Federico Trionfetti
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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This thesis is centered on the interaction between fiscal policy and economic integration. It studies the effect of spending policies and budgetary policies on the economic landscape.
Author: Chongyu Wang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages :
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This dissertation consists of three essays on the geography of finance. In the first essay, we study the relation between geographic dispersion and firm value. In the context of asset-sells, information asymmetry hypothesis and managerial alignment hypothesis offer opposite predictions on the market reaction to asset-sell announcements. Real estate investment trusts (REIT) firms provide an ideal setting to investigate these two competing but not mutually exclusive effects. We construct a unique panel data of more than 800,000 property-year observations and apply a two-stage sequential decision-making method to mitigate selection bias at both firm level and property level. We find that REIT firms tend to dispose of distant properties and there is a negative relation between distance and cumulative abnormal returns (CARs, also known as cumulative prediction errors), consistent with managerial alignment hypothesis. Further, informational and social factors explain corporate decisions on asset sell-offs and the effect of social interactions only exists in less-populated areas. Together, these findings suggest a dominant role of managerial alignment effect. In the second essay, we analyze cross-state/MSA spillover effects of local capital scarcity. We propose a theoretical framework to capture the competition for scarce capital across state/MSA borders and calibrate its implications with spatial autoregressive (SAR) and spatial Durbin’s (SDM) models. Our application of spatial econometrics tools mitigates potential bias in estimation that arises due to the violation of Stable Unit Treatment Value Assumption (SUTVA), which leads to indirect treatment effect (competition effect) on geographic neighbors. Overall, our findings suggest that negative spatial spillovers may arise due to competition for scarce capital, and the competition effect is amplified during local and national economic downturns. In the third essay, we introduce geographic variables and implement a novel econometric method. We test the hypothesis that geographic (state-level) macroeconomic factors and funding liquidity affect market liquidity. We find cross-state spillover effects for market liquidity. These spatial spillover effects have two implications. First, higher REIT market liquidity in neighboring states leads to decreased REIT market liquidity in a particular state. Second, there is also a spatial multiplier effect (less than 1) that diminishes the magnitudes of the total effect of state macroeconomic effects on funding liquidity. These results indicate that neighboring states compete for scarce capital, leading to negative effects on the growth trajectories across state borders. Such negative effects are more extreme during market downturns.
Author: Sebastian Ottinger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 283
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My dissertation consists of three essays. In the first, I systematically document the importance of chance to a fundamental question of economic geography: How did locations develop their specializations in specific manufacturing industries? I show that European immigration to the United States affected the initial location of industries in the late nineteenth century, creating a spatial pattern that remained relatively stable. Immigrants' exposure to specialized manufacturing knowledge and skills depends on their origin. The comparative advantage that came to U.S. counties ``embodied'' in immigrants predicts employment in disaggregated manufacturing industries in subsequent decades. The early establishment of firms in novel industries gave locations first-mover advantage and shaped local manufacturing specialization. Agglomeration forces locked in industries until the present. I address endogeneity issues by exploiting arguably random variation in early immigration enclaves due to the interaction of the aggregate arrivals from European countries, and the movement of the frontier of settlement across U.S. counties. The remaining two chapters consider the importance of individual actors in the realm of politics. My second chapter, co-authored with Max Winkler, studies the incentives for local political leaders when facing an unforeseen threat to their incumbency. The chapter examines the case of the unexpected and short-lived electoral success of the pro-redistribution Populist Party in the 1892 presidential elections. The Populists sought support among poor farmers, regardless of race. This biracial alliance threatened the Democratic establishment in the South, providing it with an incentive to fan racial fears to split the newly formed coalition. Newspapers affiliated with the Democrats spread propaganda of attacks by Blacks on the White community, often involving allegations of sexual assault. Using novel newspaper data, we identify these hate stories and show that they become more prevalent in the years following the 1892 presidential election in counties where the Populists were active. The effect is large and found in newspapers affiliated with the Democrats only. The evidence suggests that the propaganda ``worked'': where newspapers spread more propaganda, the Democrats see more substantial gains in presidential elections in the following decades, long after the Populists left the political arena. The third and last chapter, co-authored with Nico Voigtländer, considers the importance of national political leaders for the performance of the states they govern. We create a novel reign-level dataset for European monarchs, covering all major European states from the 10th century until World War I. We first document a strong positive relationship between rulers' intellectual ability and state-level outcomes. To address endogeneity issues, we exploit the facts that i) rulers were appointed according to primogeniture, independent of their ability, and ii) the widespread inbreeding among the ruling dynasties of Europe led to quasi-random variation in ruler ability. We code the degree of blood relationship between the parents of rulers. The `coefficient of inbreeding' is a strong predictor of ruler ability, and the corresponding instrumental variable results imply that ruler ability had a sizeable effect on the performance of states and their borders. This supports the view that `leaders made history,' shaping the European map until its consolidation into nation-states. We also show that rulers mattered only where their power was largely unconstrained. In reigns where parliaments checked the power of monarchs, ruler ability no longer affected their state's performance. Thus, the strengthening of parliaments in Northern European states (where kin marriage of dynasties was particularly widespread) may have shielded them from the detrimental effects of inbreeding.
Author: Weifang Yang
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Finance
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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