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Author: Tarik Yefsah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 177
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Book Description
Les propriétés physiques d'un système de particules homogène à l'équilibre thermodynamique st caractérisées par son équation d'état : une relation entre différentes grandeurs thermodynamiques. Le gaz de Bose bi-dimensionnel est un système particulier de ce point de vue car son équation d'état est invariante par changement d'échelle en présence d'interactions atomiques répulsives. Une autre caractéristique remarquable du gaz de Bose 2D est l'existence d'une transition de phase vers un état superfluide à basse température. Dans mon manuscrit de thèse, je présente une mesure de l'équation d'état du gaz de Bose homogène pour trois grandeurs thermodynamiques : la pression réduite, la densité dans l'espace des phases et l'entropie par particule. Je présente également une mesure de l'énergie d'interaction de gaz 2D piégés dans un potentiel harmonique. Cette mesure a permis de mettre en évidence l'existence d'une phase précédant la phase superfluide où les fluctuations de densité sont fortement réduites. Cette phase constitue une étape essentielle dans l'établissement de la transition superfluide. Enfin, je décris l'observation directe de vortex dans des gaz de Bose 2D. Ces vortex constituent l'ingrédient clé dans le mécanisme microscopique de la transition superfluide à deux dimensions
Author: Tarik Yefsah
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 177
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Book Description
Les propriétés physiques d'un système de particules homogène à l'équilibre thermodynamique st caractérisées par son équation d'état : une relation entre différentes grandeurs thermodynamiques. Le gaz de Bose bi-dimensionnel est un système particulier de ce point de vue car son équation d'état est invariante par changement d'échelle en présence d'interactions atomiques répulsives. Une autre caractéristique remarquable du gaz de Bose 2D est l'existence d'une transition de phase vers un état superfluide à basse température. Dans mon manuscrit de thèse, je présente une mesure de l'équation d'état du gaz de Bose homogène pour trois grandeurs thermodynamiques : la pression réduite, la densité dans l'espace des phases et l'entropie par particule. Je présente également une mesure de l'énergie d'interaction de gaz 2D piégés dans un potentiel harmonique. Cette mesure a permis de mettre en évidence l'existence d'une phase précédant la phase superfluide où les fluctuations de densité sont fortement réduites. Cette phase constitue une étape essentielle dans l'établissement de la transition superfluide. Enfin, je décris l'observation directe de vortex dans des gaz de Bose 2D. Ces vortex constituent l'ingrédient clé dans le mécanisme microscopique de la transition superfluide à deux dimensions
Author: Steffen Patrick Rath
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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Book Description
Lorsqu'un gaz bosonique ultrafroid est fortement confiné selon une direction de l'espace, les degrés de liberté correspondants sont "gelés" et le gaz devient effectivement bidimensionnel. Le sujet principal de mon manuscrit de thèse est la production de ces gaz quasi-bidimensionnels avec un nouveau dispositif expérimental ainsi que leur étude subséquente. Le manuscrit se divise en deux parties dont la pre mière est consacrée à la description du dispositif expérimental et des techniques qui nous permettent la production des gaz de Bose ultrafroids. Le cas particulier de la production (pour laquelle on se sert d'une lame de phase holographique) et l'étude des gaz de Bose quasi-bidimensionnels est discuté en dé tail dans la deuxième partie. Le but original de s expériences décrites dans ma thèse était de mesurer l'équation d'état du gaz de Bose quasi-bidimensionnel. Il s'est avéré que la méthode de l'imagerie par absorption, ap pliquée sur un tel gaz, donne naissance à des effets inattendus. Nous donnons une caractérisation détaillée ainsi que des éléments d'explication possibles de ces effets.
Author: Jean-Pierre COURTIN
Publisher: Lulu.com
ISBN: 1471034275
Category : Science
Languages : fr
Pages : 642
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Book Description
Manuel de culture générale scientifique, de niveau universitaire (licences et masters scientifiques)
Author: Roger Balian
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540454802
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 626
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Book Description
This popular, often cited text returns in a softcover edition to provide a thorough introduction to statistical physics and thermodynamics, and to exhibit the universal chain of ideas leading from the laws of microphysics to the macroscopic behaviour of matter. A wide range of applications illustrates the concepts, and many exercises reinforce understanding. Volume II applies statistical methods to systems governed by quantum effects, in particular to solid state physics, explaining properties due to the crystal structure or to the lattice excitations or to the electrons. The last chapters are devoted to non-equilibrium processes and to kinetic equations, with many applications included.
Author: Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527345558
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 790
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Book Description
This new, third volume of Cohen-Tannoudji's groundbreaking textbook covers advanced topics of quantum mechanics such as uncorrelated and correlated identical particles, the quantum theory of the electromagnetic field, absorption, emission and scattering of photons by atoms, and quantum entanglement. Written in a didactically unrivalled manner, the textbook explains the fundamental concepts in seven chapters which are elaborated in accompanying complements that provide more detailed discussions, examples and applications. * Completing the success story: the third and final volume of the quantum mechanics textbook written by 1997 Nobel laureate Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and his colleagues Bernard Diu and Franck Laloë * As easily comprehensible as possible: all steps of the physical background and its mathematical representation are spelled out explicitly * Comprehensive: in addition to the fundamentals themselves, the books comes with a wealth of elaborately explained examples and applications Claude Cohen-Tannoudji was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris where he also studied and received his PhD in 1962. In 1973 he became Professor of atomic and molecular physics at the Collège des France. His main research interests were optical pumping, quantum optics and atom-photon interactions. In 1997, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, together with Steven Chu and William D. Phillips, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research on laser cooling and trapping of neutral atoms. Bernard Diu was Professor at the Denis Diderot University (Paris VII). He was engaged in research at the Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and High Energy where his focus was on strong interactions physics and statistical mechanics. Franck Laloë was a researcher at the Kastler-Brossel laboratory of the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. His first assignment was with the University of Paris VI before he was appointed to the CNRS, the French National Research Center. His research was focused on optical pumping, statistical mechanics of quantum gases, musical acoustics and the foundations of quantum mechanics.
Author: International Institute of Refrigeration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery
Languages : en
Pages : 1724
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Book Description
Vols. 6- include supplementary material of Publications, Reports, Work, etc. of the Institute and some of its commissions.
Author: Franco Pavese
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475758693
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 518
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Book Description
Since the beginning of the preparation of this volume, we have been convinced that temperature and pressure measurements should not be separated, particularly in different applications at low temperatures. This belief has made us deeply conscious of the fact that the advanced applications and modern experimental methods of investigation in science and technology need the combination of various professional experiences and approaches. Although the book is divided into two parts (Part I by F. Pavese and Part II by G. F. Molinar), we have tried to correlate low-temperature and low-pressure measurements as much as possible. We hope that our readers will find this book, which contains a large number of experimental and reference data, useful in their effort to solve measurement problems. We are pleased to acknowledge our debt to several persons and wish to express our gratitude to them for their valuable cooperation and help: to our research group colleagues at the Istituto di Metrologia "G. Colonnetti" -IMGC (CNR), without whom the knowledge and the experience we built up during many years could not have been acquired; to G. T. McConville, M. Durieux, and K. Grohmann for revisions of and various suggestions for Part I; to V. E. Bean and C. R. Tilford of NIST and G. T. McConville for revisions of and various suggestions for Part II; and to I. Prinetti of IMGC for many valuable suggestions and careful textual revisions.
Author: M. Flato
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401119384
Category : Mathematics
Languages : en
Pages : 365
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Book Description
This volume contains the proceedings of the Colloquium "Analysis, Manifolds and Physics" organized in honour of Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat by her friends, collaborators and former students, on June 3, 4 and 5, 1992 in Paris. Its title accurately reflects the domains to which Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat has made essential contributions. Since the rise of General Relativity, the geometry of Manifolds has become a non-trivial part of space-time physics. At the same time, Functional Analysis has been of enormous importance in Quantum Mechanics, and Quantum Field Theory. Its role becomes decisive when one considers the global behaviour of solutions of differential systems on manifolds. In this sense, General Relativity is an exceptional theory in which the solutions of a highly non-linear system of partial differential equations define by themselves the very manifold on which they are supposed to exist. This is why a solution of Einstein's equations cannot be physically interpreted before its global behaviour is known, taking into account the entire hypothetical underlying manifold. In her youth, Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat contributed in a spectacular way to this domain stretching between physics and mathematics, when she gave the proof of the existence of solutions to Einstein's equations on differential manifolds of a quite general type. The methods she created have been worked out by the French school of mathematics, principally by Jean Leray. Her first proof of the local existence and uniqueness of solutions of Einstein's equations inspired Jean Leray's theory of general hyperbolic systems.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery
Languages : en
Pages : 664
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Book Description
Author: Holm Altenbach
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783662557709
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This Encyclopedia covers the entire science of continuum mechanics including the mechanics of materials and fluids. The encyclopedia comprises mathematical definitions for continuum mechanical modeling, fundamental physical concepts, mechanical modeling methodology, numerical approaches and many fundamental applications. The modelling and analytical techniques are powerful tools in mechanical civil and areospsace engineering, plus in related fields of plasticity, viscoelasticity and rheology. Tensor-based and reference-frame-independent, continuum mechanics has recently found applications in geophysics and materials.
