Theory and Experiments Pertaining to Atmospheric Ice Crystal Growth and Surface Evolution PDF Download
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Author: Elle Richard Hanson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
From polar ice fogs to tropical cirrus, atmospheric ice is critically important to weather and climate, but our understanding of the vapor depositional growth of atmospheric ice particles still has significant lacunae. Models of ice particle depositional growth rely on many unrealistic assumptions regarding the particle surface characteristics and morphology, and often fail to reproduce experimental measurements of growth rates. All cloud models still rely on the crystal capacitance analogy, which is only applies to particles with rough surfaces or sublimating particles. I performed a series of experiments to measure the growth rates of ice crystals.I describe a series of different ice crystal models from purely diffusive capacitance to surface kinetics-based habit evolution methods, focusing on their assumptions, successes, and limitations. I use a simple method to test the ability of models to reproduce growth rates from 45 experiments performed by myself and other researchers. In addition, I modify an existing ice growth model to simulate the formation of facets on a spherical or rough ice particle, and I show that this model is able to correctly simulate an experiment that other models cannot.
Author: Elle Richard Hanson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
From polar ice fogs to tropical cirrus, atmospheric ice is critically important to weather and climate, but our understanding of the vapor depositional growth of atmospheric ice particles still has significant lacunae. Models of ice particle depositional growth rely on many unrealistic assumptions regarding the particle surface characteristics and morphology, and often fail to reproduce experimental measurements of growth rates. All cloud models still rely on the crystal capacitance analogy, which is only applies to particles with rough surfaces or sublimating particles. I performed a series of experiments to measure the growth rates of ice crystals.I describe a series of different ice crystal models from purely diffusive capacitance to surface kinetics-based habit evolution methods, focusing on their assumptions, successes, and limitations. I use a simple method to test the ability of models to reproduce growth rates from 45 experiments performed by myself and other researchers. In addition, I modify an existing ice growth model to simulate the formation of facets on a spherical or rough ice particle, and I show that this model is able to correctly simulate an experiment that other models cannot.
Author: Kuo-Nan Liou
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521889162
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 461
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Book Description
This volume outlines the fundamentals and applications of light scattering, absorption and polarization processes involving ice crystals.
Author: Fisaha Solomon Unduche
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 312
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Book Description
The theory of the formation of surface ice is not fully understood, yet its presence on water surface affects the operation of many different kinds of hydraulic structures. It is known that when the water surface temperature reaches supercooling ice particles are formed at the water surface. If the intensity of turbulence is low these ice particles will be suspended on the surface forming a surface ice. Herein, an experimental study that incorporates the effect of depth, velocity, roughness and air temperature is carried out in a counter-rotating flume to investigate the formation of surface ice in relation to these parameters. The experimental result is supported by a mathematical model based on the theory of formation of surface ice. A mathematical model is developed based on a comprehensive theory and is solved using Matlab. The mathematical model integrates the effect of the heat balance on the water surface with the degree of turbulent mixing and the rate of growth of surface ice. The two calibrating parameters for the model are the magnitude of the initial seeding and the surface heat loss coefficient. The developed mathematical model is calibrated for the different types of surface ice formations for the data obtained from the experiment. The experimental analysis shows that there are four main types of surface ice formations and their formation is mainly dependent on the degree of turbulence. It is also found that the types of these ice formations are dependent on the minimum supercooling temperature at an average depth. Moreover, it is demonstrated that skim ice particles are those ice particles that nucleate on the water surface during low to medium turbulent intensities and can have four different types of shapes, namely needle shapes, finger shapes, hexagonal shapes and irregular shapes. The sizes and relative quantities of these ice particles on the water surface are also dependent on the degree of turbulence.
Author: Constantin Andronache
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 012810550X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 302
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Book Description
Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling
Author: Jon Thomas Nelson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice crystals
Languages : en
Pages : 366
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Book Description
Author: Ukichirō Nakaya
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Snowflakes
Languages : en
Pages : 16
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Book Description
Author: Ivan V. Markov
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 9812382453
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 566
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Book Description
This is the first-ever textbook on the fundamentals of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy. It has been written from a unified point of view and is thus a non-eclectic presentation of this interdisciplinary topic in materials science. The reader is required to possess some basic knowledge of mathematics and physics. All formulae and equations are accompanied by examples that are of technological importance. The book presents not only the fundamentals but also the state of the art in the subject. The second revised edition includes two separate chapters dealing with the effect of the Enrich-Schwoebel barrier for down-step diffusion, as well as the effect of surface active species, on the morphology of the growing surfaces. In addition, many other chapters are updated accordingly. Thus, it serves as a valuable reference book for both graduate students and researchers in materials science.
Author: Wilson Alwyn Bentley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Crystallization
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
Author: Victor F. Petrenko
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191581348
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 390
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Book Description
Ice is one of the most abundant and environmentally important materials on Earth, and its unique and intriguing physical properties present fascinating areas of study for a wide variety of researchers. This book is about the physics of ice, by which is meant the properties of the material itself and the ways in which these properties are interpreted in terms of water molecules and crystalline structure. Although ice has a simple crystal structure its hydrogen bonding results in unique properties, which continue to be the subject of active research. In this book the physical principles underlying the properties of ice are carefully developed at a level aimed at pure and applied researchers in the field. Important topics like current understandings of the electrical, mechanical, and surface properties, and the occurrence of many different crystalline phases are developed in a coherent way for the first time. An extensive reference list and numerous illustrations add to the usefulness and readability of the text.
Author: Matti Leppäranta
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
