The USAF and Alternative Jet Fuel PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download The USAF and Alternative Jet Fuel PDF full book. Access full book title The USAF and Alternative Jet Fuel by Yvonne Carrico. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Yvonne Carrico
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Algal biofuels
Languages : en
Pages : 31
Get Book Here
Book Description
"The purpose of this paper is to analyze three of the alternative fuels that are currently (or soon to be) available that can meet U.S. Air Force aviation fuel requirements. While commercial airlines are also beginning to show interest in alternative fuels, the significance for the military extends beyond price and includes national security concerns. The three fuels showing the most promise for aviation are natural gas to liquid (GTL), coal to liquid (CTL), and biofuel from algae. This paper compares these three fuels using six traits either required of current aviation fuel or desired for their replacement: performance, energy content, compatibility, low cost and carbon, source, and storage/transport requirements. While all three fuels meet the required performance, energy, compatibility, storage and transport requirements of aviation fuel, they fall short in some of the other desired areas. Both GTL and CTL are not low carbon, and they are also not renewable or sustainable sources. Biofuel from algae meets all of the requirements, however the current cost of production is high and it could take up to a decade for this to become a viable alternative to oil. This analysis shows that the best option for the Air Force is to invest in carbon capture technology and pursue GTL or CTL fuels for the short term. However, research and development of biofuel from algae should also continue, as this fuel shows the most promise as a permanent, renewable, and sustainable replacement for oil."--Abstract.
Author: Yvonne Carrico
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Algal biofuels
Languages : en
Pages : 31
Get Book Here
Book Description
"The purpose of this paper is to analyze three of the alternative fuels that are currently (or soon to be) available that can meet U.S. Air Force aviation fuel requirements. While commercial airlines are also beginning to show interest in alternative fuels, the significance for the military extends beyond price and includes national security concerns. The three fuels showing the most promise for aviation are natural gas to liquid (GTL), coal to liquid (CTL), and biofuel from algae. This paper compares these three fuels using six traits either required of current aviation fuel or desired for their replacement: performance, energy content, compatibility, low cost and carbon, source, and storage/transport requirements. While all three fuels meet the required performance, energy, compatibility, storage and transport requirements of aviation fuel, they fall short in some of the other desired areas. Both GTL and CTL are not low carbon, and they are also not renewable or sustainable sources. Biofuel from algae meets all of the requirements, however the current cost of production is high and it could take up to a decade for this to become a viable alternative to oil. This analysis shows that the best option for the Air Force is to invest in carbon capture technology and pursue GTL or CTL fuels for the short term. However, research and development of biofuel from algae should also continue, as this fuel shows the most promise as a permanent, renewable, and sustainable replacement for oil."--Abstract.
Author: Mark S. Danigole
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
ISBN: 1437911080
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 60
Get Book Here
Book Description
The USAF is the largest energy consumer in the DoD. In conjunction with the Pres¿s. mandate to reduce dependency on foreign oil and in an effort to stem fuel exp., the USAF estab. an alternative energy program focused on increased conservation and the dev¿t. of new, domestic sources of fuel. This report examines biologically produced fuel alternatives and their ability to meet USAF jet fuel requirements by the year 2025. It examines ethanol, terrestrial produced biodiesel, algae oil and biobutanol and each fuel¿s ability to meet JP-8 fuel standards while achieving compatibility with USAF aircraft and fuel distribution systems. It recommends the continued development of biofuel technology to reduce USAF dependency on foreign oil. Illus.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309440998
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 123
Get Book Here
Book Description
The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.
Author: Thomas P. Seymour
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes
Languages : en
Pages : 39
Get Book Here
Book Description
"In his 2006 State of the Union Address, President George W. Bush established a national goal to replace 75 percent of U.S. oil imports by the year 2025. As the single largest consumer of energy within the Department of Defense, the USAF embraced the President's goal and began to reduce dependence on foreign oil through a strategy of energy conservation and the development of oil alternatives. The Air Force established a goal to acquire 50 percent of its domestic aviation fuel requirement by the year 2016 via domestically-sourced alternative fuel blend. To date, this initiative's focus has revolved around establishing a domestic coal-to-liquid (CTL) fuel industry with enough capacity to meet Air Force needs. However, technical, environmental and political realities have changed such that the Air Force should consider changing its focus on CTL jet fuel.This paper examined current realities to determine whether the Air Force should abandon initiatives that encourage a domestic CTL fuel industry and instead concentrate research, development and incentives toward acquiring renewable jet fuel derived from algae in order to stay on track toward its 2016 goal. Renewable fuels produced from algae are an attractive solution to the Air Force's alternative aviation fuel goal."--Abstract.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Airplanes, Military
Languages : en
Pages : 176
Get Book Here
Book Description
This report examines short- and long-term measures to reduce the consumption of petroleum jet fuels by the Air Force. Engine retrofits and aerodynamic modifications to existing aircraft can save significant quantities of jet fuel; however, savings in fuel expenditures are not enough to offset high initial costs of engine retrofits. If accomplished early in an aircraft's life cycle, relatively lower costs of modest aerodynamic modifications may be recoverable through savings in fuel expenditures. Synthetic JP fuels derived from oil shale or coal appear to be the most attractive future alternatives to petroleum jet fuels. If the foreign oil cartel maintains its price-setting effectiveness and synthetic fuels industry develops in the United States, development of an Air Force capability to interchangeable use fuels derived from crude oil, oil shale, or coal could be economically attractive and enhance the Air Force's position in the jet fuel marketplace. (Author).
Author: Mark S. Danigole
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biomass energy
Languages : en
Pages : 53
Get Book Here
Book Description
"The United States Air Force (USAF) is the largest energy consumer in the Department of Defense (DoD). Volatile oil prices force the USAF to divert money from training budgets and weapon system procurement accounts in order to cover increased costs due to unbudgeted fuel expenses. In conjunction with the President's mandate to reduce dependency on foreign procured oil and in an effort to stem unfunded fuel expenses, the USAF established an active alternative energy program focused on increased conservation and the development of new, domestic sources of fuel. This paper will examine biologically produced fuel alternatives and their ability to meet USAF jet fuel requirements by the year 2025. This paper examines ethanol, terrestrial produced biodiesel, algae oil and biobutanol and each fuel's ability to meet JP-8 fuel standards while achieving compatibility with USAF aircraft and fuel distribution systems. Finally, the paper concludes with recommendations that support the continued development of biofuel technology to reduce USAF dependency on foreign procured oil."--Abstract.
Author: United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 104
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Bruno Miller
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 0309213800
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 136
Get Book Here
Book Description
ACRP Report 60: Guidelines for Integrating Alternative Jet Fuel into the Airport Setting is a handbook for airport operators and others associated with drop in alternative jet fuel production and delivery that summarizes issues and opportunities associated with locating (on or off airport) an alternative jet fuel production facility, and its fuel storage and distribution requirements. The handbook identifies the types and characteristics of alternative fuels; summarizes potential benefits; addresses legal, financial, environmental, and logistical considerations and opportunities; and aids in evaluating the feasibility of alternative jet fuel production facilities.
Author: Charles R. Martel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics, Military
Languages : en
Pages : 140
Get Book Here
Book Description
This report consists of a brief history of US military fuels for aircraft turbine jet engines and ramjet engines. The report discusses the requirements of past and current US military jet fuel specifications, when and why the specification requirements originated, and the importance of these requirements today. The purpose and origin of the various specification test methods are presented, and an extensive discussion of jet fuel additives is provided. This report should be of value to anyone involved in research and development, logistics, and use of jet fuels. We hope that it will serve as a handy reference for the jet fuel specialist.
Author: Nathan A. Palmer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Diesel motor
Languages : en
Pages : 38
Get Book Here
Book Description
"The United States (US) is the world's top petroleum consumer, and without a doubt the United States Air Force (USAF) is the largest energy consumer in the Department of Defense (DoD). But the increasing price of oil has forced USAF leaders to pursue innovative and aggressive steps to incorporate alternative fuel sources into the military inventory. This increase in energy costs affects budgets in the form of unforecasted fuel expenditures and has resulted in an inward domestic search for alternative fuel sources. This paper will explore innovative fuel alternatives to assess their ability to meet the USAF ground fuel needs in austere locations. This will be accomplished by examining combinations of synthetic fuels, biodiesel, waste vegetable oil, used engine oil and blended fuel variants to meet this increasing requirement, without impacting current distribution and storage systems. Finally, using information gathered in this research, the paper will chronicle the effects of sample alternative fuels principles on a test vehicle, and conclude with recommendations based on test results."--Abstract.
