The Ultrasonic Ranging and Data System for Radiological Surveys in the UMTRA (Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action) Project PDF Download
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Languages : en
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The Ultrasonic Ranging and Data System (USRADS) was developed to allow radiation exposure data and positional information to be collected, stored and analyzed in a more efficient manner than currently employed on the (Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) project. USRADS is a portable unit which employs ultrasonics, radio frequency transmissions, and a personal computer. Operational experience indicates that the system results in increased information about the property with decreased data analysis and transcription effort and only slightly more field effort. 5 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.
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Languages : en
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Book Description
The Ultrasonic Ranging and Data System (USRADS) was developed to allow radiation exposure data and positional information to be collected, stored and analyzed in a more efficient manner than currently employed on the (Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) project. USRADS is a portable unit which employs ultrasonics, radio frequency transmissions, and a personal computer. Operational experience indicates that the system results in increased information about the property with decreased data analysis and transcription effort and only slightly more field effort. 5 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.
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Languages : en
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The Radiological Survey Activities (RASA) program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) serves as the Inclusion Survey Contractor (ISC) in the Department of Energy's (DOE) Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action project (UMTRAP). The ISC is to identify properties in the vicinity of 24 inactive uranium mill sites suspected of having 226Ra-bearing uranium mill tailings by-product material originating from the processing of uranium ore contamination. Mobile gamma scanning was the primary method used to identify these properties. Once identified, the ISC conducts an inclusion survey. This survey performs sufficient radiological measurements to determine if uranium mill tailing contamination is present, and, if so, if it is in excess of relevant Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) criteria. Radon emanating from 226Ra is the primary pathway of exposure to human occupants at these sites. EPA criteria focus on controlling 226Ra concentration in soil. The concentration of 226Ra in soil can be measured directly by soil sampling and subsequent gamma spectrographic analysis of the sample, or by direct measurement of the gamma exposure rate at the soil surface using portable instrumentation in the field. In both methods, the concentration of 226Ra is inferred by examining the frequency of gamma emission of 214Bi, a radioactive decay product in the 238U decay chain.
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 578
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Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 9
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The Ultrasonic Ranging and Data System (USRADS) is a computerized data collection system that enables the correlation between geographic location and data gathered at that location. The USRADS employs ultrasonics, radio frequency transmission, and microcomputers to gather data for site characterization. In the case of a radiological survey, radiation measurements are gathered to confirm that remedial action has successfully removed contamination to levels below applicable guidelines or standards. The Pollutant Assessments Group of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Grand Junction, Colorado, was directed by the Department of Energy (DOE) to verify the adequacy of remedial action taken at various sites throughout the western United States. The USRADS was utilized at the Monticello Remedial Action Program, a National Priorities List site in Monticello, Utah, following remedial action of approximately 15 cm of soil contaminated by wind-dispersed uranium mill tailings. The verification was conducted in a 15,300 square meter property that resides on the periphery of the mill site and was vacant land. Remedial action at this location was conducted to bring the site's radiation levels below those specified in 40 CFR 192. The radiological verification survey was conducted following excavation of the contaminated material. The USRADS was configured with a Victoreen gamma scintillometer and was operated by a two-man survey team. There are several advantages to verifying with the USRADS over conventional gamma radiation survey methods. First, survey coverage can be instantly verified, allowing the survey team to confirm complete survey coverage. Second, the data may be analyzed on site, enabling the team to identify areas of elevated gamma radiation exposure rates and to select biased sample locations. Finally, the USRADS provides both high quality graphical illustrations for permanent documentation and data storage that can be easily retrieved for site certification.
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 908
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Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information and foreign nonnuclear information.
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Category : Radioactive waste disposal
Languages : en
Pages : 526
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Category : Power resources
Languages : en
Pages : 848
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Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 540
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Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 1398
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Author: Gerry E. Hendershot
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780840602220
Category : Birth control
Languages : en
Pages : 982
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Book Description
The 1982 statistics on the use of family planning and infertility services presented in this report are preliminary results from Cycle III of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. Data were collected through personal interviews with a multistage area probability sample of 7969 women aged 15-44. A detailed series of questions was asked to obtain relatively complete estimates of the extent and type of family planning services received. Statistics on family planning services are limited to women who were able to conceive 3 years before the interview date. Overall, 79% of currently mrried nonsterile women reported using some type of family planning service during the previous 3 years. There were no statistically significant differences between white (79%), black (75%) or Hispanic (77%) wives, or between the 2 income groups. The 1982 survey questions were more comprehensive than those of earlier cycles of the survey. The annual rate of visits for family planning services in 1982 was 1077 visits /1000 women. Teenagers had the highest annual visit rate (1581/1000) of any age group for all sources of family planning services combined. Visit rates declined sharply with age from 1447 at ages 15-24 to 479 at ages 35-44. Similar declines with age also were found in the visit rates for white and black women separately. Nevertheless, the annual visit rate for black women (1334/1000) was significantly higher than that for white women (1033). The highest overall visit rate was for black women 15-19 years of age (1867/1000). Nearly 2/3 of all family planning visits were to private medical sources. Teenagers of all races had higher family planning service visit rates to clinics than to private medical sources, as did black women age 15-24. White women age 20 and older had higher visit rates to private medical services than to clinics. Never married women had higher visit rates to clinics than currently or formerly married women. Data were also collected in 1982 on use of medical services for infertility by women who had difficulty in conceiving or carrying a pregnancy to term. About 1 million ever married women had 1 or more infertility visits in the 12 months before the interview. During the 3 years before interview, about 1.9 million women had infertility visits. For all ever married women, as well as for white and black women separately, infertility services were more likely to be secured from private medical sources than from clinics. The survey design, reliability of the estimates and the terms used are explained in the technical notes.
