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Author: Mitsumasa Matsuda
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Collagen
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Author: Mitsumasa Matsuda
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Collagen
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
Author: Mary A.F. Epstein
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461234522
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 208
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Book Description
This proceedings volume brings together the invited papers from the Respiratory Biomechanics Symposium of the First World Congress of Biomechanics held in La Jolla, California from August 3D-September 4, 1990. The respiratory system offers many opportunities to apply the different branches of traditional mechanics. Tissue defonnations and stresses during lung expansion can be analyzed using the principles of solid mechanics. Fluid mechanical problems in the lung are unique. There is the matched distribution of two fluids, gas and blood, in two beautifully intertwined, branched conduit systems. The reversing flow of the gas phase presents different problems than the pulsatile flow of the non-Newtonian fluid that is the blood. On the smaller scale, there is the flux of fluids and solutes across the capillary membrane. Finally, there is the problem of coupling fluid and solid mechanics to understand the overall behavior of the respiratory system. In this symposium, we have chosen to address the basic processes that contribute to the gas and fluid exchange functions of the lung. Section 1, Lung Tissue Mechanics, provides an historical background and, then, presents more recent work on the structure of the lung parenchyma, the mechanics of the tissue, and the effects of the bounding membrane, the visceral pleura.
Author: Lauren Deems Black
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Abstract: Collagen and elastin, the main structural proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM), impart distinct crucial mechanical properties to tissues in the body. These proteins are present in varying amounts in normal tissues, and the composition can be grossly affected by proteolytic diseases such as emphysema in the lung and aneurysm of blood vessel walls. Understanding how the composition of the ECM affects the mechanical properties of the tissue can lend insight into the development and progression of these diseases. The goal of this project was to study how alterations in the structural protein composition of the ECM affect the mechanical and failure properties of various tissues. We studied quasi-static mechanical and failure properties in lung tissue strips from normal mice and two models of emphysema: elastase digestion of normal tissue and the genetic tightskin mouse, which spontaneously develops emphysema. We also investigated the changes in the mechanical and failure properties of ECM sheets engineered to contain varying amounts of collagen and elastin. Imaging methods were developed to measure the thickness of the tissues at various strains in order to estimate true stress. We found that tightskin lung tissue had a significantly higher Poisson ratio and significantly lower failure stress than normal tissue. Network modeling of the normal and tightskin tissue suggested that the increased Poisson ratio is due to structural deterioration and the decreased failure stress is related to decreased alveolar wall fiber stiffness accompanied by a decreased failure strain threshold. In the ECM sheets, we found that adding collagen to the ECM increased the stiffness. However, further increasing collagen content decreased the failure strain and altered matrix organization. We conclude that remodeling and elastolytic destruction of the lung during emphysema leads to conditions in which stresses akin to those during normal breathing can cause alveolar walls to fail, thereby contributing to the progression of the disease. In addition, in engineered replacement tissues, there is a trade-off between improved mechanical properties and decreased extensibility which can impact the effectiveness of these biomaterials since their performance relies on how well they match the mechanical properties of the native tissue.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 742
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Author: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Biochemistry
Languages : en
Pages : 982
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Vols. for 1942- include proceedings of the American Physiological Society.
Author: National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Grants
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1224
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Author: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cardiovascular system
Languages : en
Pages : 486
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Author: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 728
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Book Description
This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 912
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cells
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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