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Author: Stefano Franchi
Publisher: Rodopi
ISBN: 9401207151
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 397
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Book Description
Preliminary Material -- LIFE, DEATH, AND RESURRECTION OF THE HOMEOSTAT /Stefano Franchi -- THE ONTOLOGY OF THE ENEMY: NORBERT WIENER AND THE CYBERNETIC VISION /Peter Galison -- COMPUTERS AS MODELS OF THE MIND: ON SIMULATIONS, BRAINS, AND THE DESIGN OF COMPUTERS /Peter Asaro -- AT THE PERIPHERY OF THE RISING EMPIRE: THE CASE OF ITALY (1945-1968) /Claudio Pogliano -- PROCESSING CULTURES: “STRUCTURALISM” IN THE HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE /Patrice Maniglier -- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WITH A NATIONAL FACE: AMERICAN AND SOVIET CULTURAL METAPHORS FOR THOUGHT /Slava Gerovitch -- THE CARTESIAN-LEIBNIZIAN TURING TEST /Francesco Bianchini -- TURING COMPUTABILITY AND LEIBNIZ COMPUTABILITY /Maurizio Matteuzzi -- LOGICAL INSTRUMENTS: REGULAR EXPRESSIONS, AI, AND THINKING ABOUT THINKING /Christopher M. Kelty -- GÖDEL, NAGEL, MINDS, AND MACHINES /Solomon Feferman -- ENTANGLING EFFECTIVE PROCEDURES: FROM LOGIC MACHINES TO QUANTUM AUTOMATA /Rossella Lupacchini -- TURING 1948 VS. GÖDEL 1972 /Giorgio Sandri -- WORKS CITED -- INDEX -- ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS -- VIBS.
Author: Stefano Franchi
Publisher: Rodopi
ISBN: 9401207151
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 397
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Book Description
Preliminary Material -- LIFE, DEATH, AND RESURRECTION OF THE HOMEOSTAT /Stefano Franchi -- THE ONTOLOGY OF THE ENEMY: NORBERT WIENER AND THE CYBERNETIC VISION /Peter Galison -- COMPUTERS AS MODELS OF THE MIND: ON SIMULATIONS, BRAINS, AND THE DESIGN OF COMPUTERS /Peter Asaro -- AT THE PERIPHERY OF THE RISING EMPIRE: THE CASE OF ITALY (1945-1968) /Claudio Pogliano -- PROCESSING CULTURES: “STRUCTURALISM” IN THE HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE /Patrice Maniglier -- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE WITH A NATIONAL FACE: AMERICAN AND SOVIET CULTURAL METAPHORS FOR THOUGHT /Slava Gerovitch -- THE CARTESIAN-LEIBNIZIAN TURING TEST /Francesco Bianchini -- TURING COMPUTABILITY AND LEIBNIZ COMPUTABILITY /Maurizio Matteuzzi -- LOGICAL INSTRUMENTS: REGULAR EXPRESSIONS, AI, AND THINKING ABOUT THINKING /Christopher M. Kelty -- GÖDEL, NAGEL, MINDS, AND MACHINES /Solomon Feferman -- ENTANGLING EFFECTIVE PROCEDURES: FROM LOGIC MACHINES TO QUANTUM AUTOMATA /Rossella Lupacchini -- TURING 1948 VS. GÖDEL 1972 /Giorgio Sandri -- WORKS CITED -- INDEX -- ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS -- VIBS.
Author: Allen Newell
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 9780674921016
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 580
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Book Description
Newell introduces Soar, an architecture for general cognition. A pioneer system in AI, Soar is the first problem-solver to create its own subgoals and learn continuously from its own experience. Its ability to operate within the real-time constraints of intelligent behavior illustrates important characteristics of human cognition.
Author: Howard Margolis
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 9780226505282
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
What happens when we think? How do people make judgments? While different theories abound—and are heatedly debated—most are based on an algorithmic model of how the brain works. Howard Margolis builds a fascinating case for a theory that thinking is based on recognizing patterns and that this process is intrinsically a-logical. Margolis gives a Darwinian account of how pattern recognition evolved to reach human cognitive abilities. Illusions of judgment—standard anomalies where people consistently misjudge or misperceive what is logically implied or really present—are often used in cognitive science to explore the workings of the cognitive process. The explanations given for these anomalous results have generally explained only the anomaly under study and nothing more. Margolis provides a provocative and systematic analysis of these illusions, which explains why such anomalies exist and recur. Offering empirical applications of his theory, Margolis turns to historical cases to show how an individual's cognitive repertoire—the available cognitive patterns and their relation to cues—changes or resists changes over time. Here he focuses on the change in worldview occasioned by the Copernican discovery: not only how an individual might come to see things in a radically new way, but how it is possible for that new view to spread and become the dominant one. A reanalysis of the trial of Galileo focuses on social cognition and its interactions with politics. In challenging the prevailing paradigm for understanding how the human mind works, Patterns, Thinking, and Cognition is certain to stimulate fruitful debate.
Author: Athanassios Raftopoulos
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262258412
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 447
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Book Description
An argument that there are perceptual mechanisms that retrieve information in cognitively and conceptually unmediated ways and that this sheds light on various philosophical issues. In Cognition and Perception, Athanassios Raftopoulos discusses the cognitive penetrability of perception and claims that there is a part of visual processes (which he calls “perception”) that results in representational states with nonconceptual content; that is, a part that retrieves information from visual scenes in conceptually unmediated, “bottom-up,” theory-neutral ways. Raftopoulos applies this insight to problems in philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, and epistemology, and examines how we access the external world through our perception as well as what we can know of that world. To show that there is a theory-neutral part of existence, Raftopoulos turns to cognitive science and argues that there is substantial scientific evidence. He then claims that perception induces representational states with nonconceptual content and examines the nature of the nonconceptual content. The nonconceptual information retrieved, he argues, does not allow the identification or recognition of an object but only its individuation as a discrete persistent object with certain spatiotemporal properties and other features. Object individuation, however, suffices to determine the referents of perceptual demonstratives. Raftopoulos defends his account in the context of current discussions on the issue of the theory-ladenness of perception (namely the Fodor-Churchland debate), and then discusses the repercussions of his thesis for problems in the philosophy of science. Finally, Raftopoulos claims that there is a minimal form of realism that is defensible. This minimal realism holds that objects, their spatiotemporal properties, and such features as shape, orientation, and motion are real, mind-independent properties in the world.
Author: Richard Cross
Publisher: OUP Oxford
ISBN: 0191507792
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 241
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Book Description
Richard Cross provides the first complete and detailed account of Duns Scotus's theory of cognition, tracing the processes involved in cognition from sensation, through intuition and abstraction, to conceptual thought. He provides an analysis of the ontological status of the various mental items (acts and dispositions) involved in cognition, and a new account of Scotus on nature of conceptual content. Cross goes on to offer a novel, reductionist, interpretation of Scotus's view of the ontological status of representational content, as well as new accounts of Scotus's opinions on intuitive cognition, intelligible species, and the varieties of consciousness. Scotus was a perceptive but highly critical reader of his intellectual forebears, and this volume places his thought clearly within the context of thirteenth-century reflections on cognitive psychology, influenced as they were by Aristotle, Augustine, and Avicenna. As far as possible, Duns Scotus's Theory of Cognition traces developments in Scotus's thought during the ten or so highly productive years that formed the bulk of his intellectual life.
Author: Ronald Schleifer
Publisher: Cornell University Press
ISBN: 1501746731
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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Book Description
This groundbreaking book challenges the disciplinary boundaries that have traditionally separated scientific inquiry from literary inquiry. It explores scientific knowledge in three subject areas—the natural history of aging, literary narrative, and psychoanalysis. In the authors' view, the different perspectives on cognition afforded by Anglo-American cognitive science, Greimassian semiotics, and Lacanian psychoanalysis help us to redefine our very notion of culture. Part I historically situates the concepts of meaning and truth in twentieth-century semiotic theory and cognitive science. Part II contrasts the modes of Freudian case history to the general instance of Einstein's relativity theory and then sets forth a rhetoric of narrative based on the discourse of the aged. Part III examines in the context of literary studies an interdisciplinary concept of cultural cognition. Culture and Cognition will be essential reading for literary theorists, historians and philosophers of science; semioticians; and scholars and students of cultural studies, the sociology of literature, and science and literature.
Author: Leonard L. Martin
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1135682232
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
Approaching the topic from a social psychological viewpoint, this book provides a forum for some currently active theorists to provide concise descriptions of their models in a way that addresses four of the most central issues in the field: How does affect influence memory, judgment, information processing, and creativity? Each presentation includes a concise description of the theory's underlying assumptions, an application of these assumptions to the four central issues, and some answers to questions posed by the other theorists. Thus, in one volume, the reader is presented with a single authoritative source for current theories of affect and information processing and is given a chance to "listen in" on a conversation among the theorists in the form of questions and answers related to each theory. Students and researchers alike will benefit from the clarity and brevity of this volume.
Author: Don Ross
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262681684
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 455
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Book Description
In this study, Don Ross explores the relationship of economics to other branches of behavioral science, asking, in the course of his analysis, under what interpretation economics is a sound empirical science. The book explores the relationships between economic theory and the theoretical foundations of related disciplines that are relevant to the day-to-day work of economics—the cognitive and behavioral sciences. It asks whether the increasingly sophisticated techniques of microeconomic analysis have revealed any deep empirical regularities—whether technical improvement represents improvement in any other sense. Casting Daniel Dennett and Kenneth Binmore as its intellectual heroes, the book proposes a comprehensive model of economic theory that, Ross argues, does not supplant, but recovers the core neoclassical insights, and counters the caricaturish conception of neoclassicism so derided by advocates of behavioral or evolutionary economics. Because he approaches his topic from the viewpoint of the philosophy of science, Ross devotes one chapter to the philosophical theory and terminology on which his argument depends and another to related philosophical issues. Two chapters provide the theoretical background in economics, one covering developments in neoclassical microeconomics and the other treating behavioral and experimental economics and evolutionary game theory. The three chapters at the heart of the argument then apply theses from the philosophy of cognitive science to foundational problems for economic theory. In these chapters, economists will find a genuinely new way of thinking about the implications of cognitive science for economics, and cognitive scientists will find in economic behavior, a new testing site for the explanations of cognitive science.
Author: W. James Potter
Publisher: SAGE Publications
ISBN: 1452245401
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
Our society has become characterized by aggressive media. Information is constantly at our fingertips – whether it be through the books, newspapers, and magazines we read, the television we watch, the radio stations to which we listen, or the computers that connect us to the world in a matter of seconds. We can try to limit our media exposure, but it is impossible to avoid all media messages. As a result, we psychologically protect ourselves by automatically processing the media to which we are exposed. Theory of Media Literacy: A Cognitive Approach comprehensively explains how we absorb the flood of information in our media-saturated society and examines how we often construct faulty meanings from those messages. In this book, author W. James Potter enlightens readers on the tasks of information processing. By building on a foundation of principles about how humans think, Theory of Media Literacy examines decisions about filtering messages, standard schema to match meaning, and higher level skills to construct meaning. A central theme of Potter′s theory is the locus that governs the degree to which a person is media literate. The locus is enriched by developing skills as well as good knowledge structures on five topics: media effects, media content, media industries, real world parameters, and the self. Key Features Presents the first social scientific theory of the process of media literacy Explores a broad range of literature on media literacy written during the past two decades Focuses on how the human mind works, especially in this mass media-saturated society Theory of Media Literacy is an essential resource to a wide audience within the media discipline. The book provides empirical researchers with direction to test the theory and extend our understanding of how the media affect individuals and society. Practitioners will find it helpful in developing strategies to achieve goals and, at the same time, avoid high risks of negative effects. In addition, new scholars will find it to be an excellent introduction to various media literacy research.
Author: Albert Newen
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0191054364
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 1029
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Book Description
4E cognition (embodied, embedded, enactive, and extended) is a relatively young and thriving field of interdisciplinary research. It assumes that cognition is shaped and structured by dynamic interactions between the brain, body, and both the physical and social environments. With essays from leading scholars and researchers, The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition investigates this recent paradigm. It addresses the central issues of embodied cognition by focusing on recent trends, such as Bayesian inference and predictive coding, and presenting new insights, such as the development of false belief understanding. The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition also introduces new theoretical paradigms for understanding emotion and conceptualizing the interactions between cognition, language, and culture. With an entire section dedicated to the application of 4E cognition in disciplines such as psychiatry and robotics, and critical notes aimed at stimulating discussion, this Oxford handbook is the definitive guide to 4E cognition. Aimed at neuroscientists, psychologists, psychiatrists, and philosophers, The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition will be essential reading for anyone with an interest in this young and thriving field.
