The Salinity Distribution in Young Sea Ice PDF Download
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Author: W. F. Weeks
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Salinity
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Studies were conducted at North Star Bay (NW Greenland) during Oct-Nov 1956 to examine the lateral and vertical salinity variation in known types of natural sea ice. Sampling procedures and data analysis are described in detail. The data show that the standard deviation of the salinity values from closely spaced cored samples in sheet ice are always equal to or greater than!0.3%. In pancake ice, the standard deviation is usually!1.0%. This uncertainty will produce a standard deviation of approximately! 4 to 6% of the total brine volume in the sheet iceAND! ll to 19% in pancake ice. This accounts for a considerable portion of the scatter observed in studying the strength properties of sea ice. (Author).
Author: W. F. Weeks
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Salinity
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Studies were conducted at North Star Bay (NW Greenland) during Oct-Nov 1956 to examine the lateral and vertical salinity variation in known types of natural sea ice. Sampling procedures and data analysis are described in detail. The data show that the standard deviation of the salinity values from closely spaced cored samples in sheet ice are always equal to or greater than!0.3%. In pancake ice, the standard deviation is usually!1.0%. This uncertainty will produce a standard deviation of approximately! 4 to 6% of the total brine volume in the sheet iceAND! ll to 19% in pancake ice. This accounts for a considerable portion of the scatter observed in studying the strength properties of sea ice. (Author).
Author: Josefino Comiso
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387683003
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 513
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Book Description
Only a few centuries ago, we knew very little about our planet Earth. The Earth was considered flat by many although it was postulated by a few like Aristotle that it is spherical based on observations that included the study of lunar eclipses. Much later, Christopher Columbus successfully sailed to the West to discover the New World and Ferdinand Magellan’s ship circumnavigated the globe to prove once and for all that the Earth is indeed a sphere. Worldwide navigation and explorations that followed made it clear that the Earth is huge and rather impossible to study solely by foot or by water. The advent of air travel made it a lot easier to do exploratory studies and enabled the mapping of the boundaries of continents and the oceans. But aircraft coverage was limited and it was not until the satellite era that full c- erage of the Earth’s surface became available. Many of the early satellites were research satellites and that meant in part the development of engineering measurement systems with no definite applications in mind. The Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) was a classic case in point. The sensor was built with the idea that it may be useful for meteorological research and especially rainfall studies over the oceans, but success in this area of study was very limited.
Author: Warwick F. Vincent
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521544139
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
A structured account of the full range of environments in Antarctica and of the microbial communities that live within them. The author examines the major features of the chemical and physical environment in each habitat, and the influence of these features on the population structure and dynamics of their microbiota. Each chapter considers a specific type of environment, the microbial species that dominate, their community structure and dynamics, and the microbial processes that operate and have been measured in the ecosystem. The chapters conclude with an overview of the ecosystem trophic structure and an introduction to the larger organisms that depend on the microbiota. Separate chapters examine the range of cellular strategies adopted by microorganisms within the Antarctic environment, and the increasing influence of humans on these communities.
Author: P.A. Davies
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401109184
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 513
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Book Description
Challenging problems involvrllg jet and plume phenomena are common to many areas of fundamental and applied scientific research, and an understanding of plume and jet behaviour is essential in many geophysical and industrial contexts. For example, in the field of meteorology, where pollutant dispersal takes place by means of atmospheric jets and plumes formed either naturally under conditions of convectively-driven flow in the atmospheric boundary layer, or anthropogenically by the release of pollutants from tall chimneys. In other fields of geophysics, buoyant plumes and jets are known to play important roles in oceanic mixing processes, both at the relatively large scale (as in deep water formation by convective sinking) and at the relatively small scale (as with plume formation beneath ice leads, for example). In the industrial context, the performances of many engineering systems are determined primarily by the behaviour of buoyant plumes and jets. For example, (i) in sea outfalls, where either sewage or thermal effluents are discharged into marine and/or freshwater environments, (ii) in solar ponds, where buoyant jets are released under density interfaces, (iii) in buildings, where thermally-generated plumes affect the air quality and ventilation properties of architectural environments, (iv) in rotating machinery where fluid jet~ are used for cooling purposes, and (v) in long road and rail tunnels, where safety and ventilation prcedures rely upon an understanding of the behaviour of buoyant jets. In many other engineering and oceanographic contexts, the properties of jets and plumes are of great importance.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arctic regions
Languages : en
Pages : 170
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Book Description
Author: David N. Thomas
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 9781444317152
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 641
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Book Description
As the Arctic perennial sea ice continues to disappear at an alarming rate, a full understanding of sea ice as a crucial global ecosystem, and the effects of its loss is vital for all those working with and studying global climate change. Building on the success of the previous edition, the second edition of Sea Ice, now much expanded and in full colour throughout, includes six completely new chapters with complete revisions of all the chapters included from the first edition. The Editors, Professor David Thomas and Dr Gerhard Dieckmann have once again drawn together an extremely impressive group of internationally respected contributing authors, ensuring a comprehensive worldwide coverage of this incredibly important topic. Sea Ice, second edition, is an essential purchase for oceanographers and marine scientists, environmental scientists, biologists, geochemists and geologists. All those involved in the study of global climate change will find this book to contain a wealth of important information. All libraries in universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught will need multiple copies of this book on their shelves. truly multidisciplinary approach world leading authors and editors international in scope, covering both Arctic and Antarctic work of vital interest to all those involved in global warming and climate change research highly illustrated full colour book with colour images throughout
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Frozen ground
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cold regions
Languages : en
Pages : 578
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice
Languages : en
Pages : 258
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Book Description
Author: Mohammed Shokr
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 111982821X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 628
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Book Description
SEA ICE The latest edition of the gold standard in sea ice references In the newly revised second edition of Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an in-depth review of the features and structural properties of ice, as well as the latest advances in geophysical sensors, ice parameter retrieval techniques, and remote sensing data. The book has been updated to reflect the latest scientific developments in macro- and micro-scale sea ice research. For this edition, the authors have included high-quality photographs of thin sections from cores of various ice types, as well as a comprehensive account of all major field expeditions that have systematically surveyed sea ice and its properties. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to ice physics and physical processes, including ice morphology and age-based structural features Practical discussions of radiometric and radar-scattering observations from sea ice, including radar backscatter and microwave emission The latest techniques for the retrieval of sea ice parameters from space-borne and airborne sensor data New chapters on sea ice thermal microwave emissions and on the impact of climate change on polar sea ice Perfect for academic researchers working on sea ice, the cryosphere, and climatology, Sea Ice: Physics and Remote Sensing will also benefit meteorologists, marine operators, and high-latitude construction engineers.
