The Role of the FtsA Protein in Bacillus Subtilis Cell Division PDF Download
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Author: Joana Maria Da Silva Santos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacteria
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
Author: Joana Maria Da Silva Santos
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacteria
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
Author: Jan Löwe
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331953047X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 457
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Book Description
This book describes the structures and functions of active protein filaments, found in bacteria and archaea, and now known to perform crucial roles in cell division and intra-cellular motility, as well as being essential for controlling cell shape and growth. These roles are possible because the cytoskeletal and cytomotive filaments provide long range order from small subunits. Studies of these filaments are therefore of central importance to understanding prokaryotic cell biology. The wide variation in subunit and polymer structure and its relationship with the range of functions also provide important insights into cell evolution, including the emergence of eukaryotic cells. Individual chapters, written by leading researchers, review the great advances made in the past 20-25 years, and still ongoing, to discover the architectures, dynamics and roles of filaments found in relevant model organisms. Others describe one of the families of dynamic filaments found in many species. The most common types of filament are deeply related to eukaryotic cytoskeletal proteins, notably actin and tubulin that polymerise and depolymerise under the control of nucleotide hydrolysis. Related systems are found to perform a variety of roles, depending on the organisms. Surprisingly, prokaryotes all lack the molecular motors associated with eukaryotic F-actin and microtubules. Archaea, but not bacteria, also have active filaments related to the eukaryotic ESCRT system. Non-dynamic fibres, including intermediate filament-like structures, are known to occur in some bacteria.. Details of known filament structures are discussed and related to what has been established about their molecular mechanisms, including current controversies. The final chapter covers the use of some of these dynamic filaments in Systems Biology research. The level of information in all chapters is suitable both for active researchers and for advanced students in courses involving bacterial or archaeal physiology, molecular microbiology, structural cell biology, molecular motility or evolution. Chapter 3 of this book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.
Author: Miriam E. Martin (Ph.D.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 338
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Author: Phoebe Coral Peters
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Bacillus subtilis
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
Author: David S. Goodsell
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1475722672
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Book Description
A journey into the sub-microscopic world of molecular machines. Readers are first introduced to the types of molecules built by cells: proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. Then, in a series of distinctive illustrations, the reader is guided through the interior world of cells, exploring the ways in which molecules work in concert to perform the processes of living. Finally, the author shows us how vitamins, viruses, poisons, and drugs each have their effects on the molecules in our bodies. David Goodsell, author and illustrator, has prepared a fascinating introduction to biochemistry for the non-specialist. His book combines a lucid text with an abundance of drawings and computer graphics that present the world of cells and their components in a truly unique way.
Author: Inga Wadenpohl
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 104
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Author: Paul J. Buske
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 278
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Bacterial cell division is initiated by the assembly of the tubulin homolog FtsZ into a ring (Z ring) at the nascent division site. Once formed, the Z ring serves as a scaffold for recruitment of the division machinery and helps provide some of the constrictive force for cytokinesis. In vitro FtsZ undergoes GTP-dependent assembly where individual subunits form single-stranded protofilaments and laterally-associated filament bundles. How the filamentous FtsZ structures observed in vitro translate into the behavior of the Z ring in vivo remains a fundamental question. In this dissertation I establish important roles for the previously uncharacterized FtsZ C-terminal domains during both FtsZ assembly and Z ring formation. My work provides significant insight into how FtsZ behavior at the protein level impacts its cellular function. Structurally, the FtsZ monomer is divided into 5 domains: an unstructured N-terminal peptide, a highly conserved N-terminal globular core, an unstructured C-terminal linker (CTL), a conserved set of ~11 residues referred to here as the C-terminal constant region (CTC), and a small, highly variable group of residues at the extreme C-terminus of FtsZ termed the C-terminal variable region (CTV). For simplicity, the N-terminal peptide and core are treated here as a single unit. The core shows a high degree of sequence conservation amongst bacterial species and contains residues required for GTP binding and hydrolysis as well as forming the contacts necessary to make filaments. The entire FtsZ C terminus consists of the CTL, CTC, and CTV. The CTL displays very little conservation between species both in primary sequence and length, is irresolvable by X-ray crystallography, and is presumed to be intrinsically disordered. The CTC and CTV are implicated in interactions between FtsZ and modulatory proteins. To reflect this function the combined domains have been termed the grappling hook peptide (GHP). Prior to this work, the roles that the C-terminal domains had in FtsZ assembly were unknown. In this dissertation, I demonstrate that these domains do have distinct functions. First I show the CTV is important for regulating lateral interactions between FtsZ protofilaments. B. subtilis FtsZ readily forms bundled structures in vitro. In contrast, I show E. coli FtsZ typically assembles into single-stranded protofilaments. Through deletion analysis and domain swapping, I determine these phenotypes to derive from differences in the CTVs of each species. I also establish that electrostatic interactions are a driving force behind FtsZ bundling. Alterations to the CTV sequence also greatly affect cell division in B. subtilis cells, suggesting filament bundling is important for a stable Z ring in vivo. Finally, I demonstrate the FtsZ CTL is essential for FtsZ protofilament assembly and cell division. I determine that a functional CTL must behave as an intrinsically disordered peptide with little primary sequence requirement but must be between 25 and 100 residues in length. These findings lead to a model for FtsZ in which the CTL behaves as a flexible tether anchoring FtsZ filaments to the membrane through interactions between the GHP and FtsZ modulatory proteins like FtsA. The linker can undertake different conformations and allow FtsZ filaments bundle through positioning the CTV near adjacent filaments and to respond to the curvature of the membrane, having implications for how the constrictive force for cytokinesis is generated.
Author: Miguel Vicente
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0306485788
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 275
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Book Description
During the last decade a wealth of new data has arisen from the use of new fluorescent labelling techniques and the sequencing of whole microbial genomes. One important conclusion from these data is that bacterial cells are much more structured than previously thought. The wall and the outer membrane contain topological domains, some proteins localize or move in specific patterns inside the cells, and some genes appear clustered in the chromosome and form conserved evolutionary units. Many of these structures are related to the cell cycle and to the process of cell morphogenesis, two processes that are themselves related to each other. From these observations the dcw gene cluster appears as a phylogenetic trait that is mainly conserved in bacilli. Molecules in Time and Space reviews the data on the formation of subcellular patterns or structures in bacteria, presents observations and hypotheses on the establishment and the maintenance of cell shape, and on the organization of genetic information in the chromosome.
Author: Joong-Chul Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Author: Katarína Šurdová
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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