The Relationship Between Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow and Blood Lactate Concentrations During Exercise in Rats PDF Download
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Author: Scott W. Mittelstadt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Blood flow
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Author: Scott W. Mittelstadt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Blood flow
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Author: Mark Basecke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Exercise
Languages : en
Pages : 428
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Book Description
Author: Ronald J. Korthuis
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615041834
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 147
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Book Description
The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References
Author: Michitoshi Inoue
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 4431683674
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 330
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Book Description
Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Author: Bengt Pernow
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461346096
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 536
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Book Description
Howard G. Knuttgen of Biology, Boston University, 2 Cummington Department Street, Boston, 02215 Massachusetts, USA The relationship of the formation of lactate acid to skeletal muscle energy release in exercising humans was first explored by A. V. Hill and co-workers (2l, 22). The term "oxygen debt" was suggested by them to describe the excess oxygen consumption of recovery which they felt was closely related. A combination of their work and the earlier work of Krogh and Lindhard (35) re sulted at that time in the belief that a certain amount of energy release during the transition from rest to exercise was provided by a non-aerobic source, glycolysis. The resulting accumulation of lactic acid (as lactate) in the body required an extra con sumption during recovery for its oxidative removal. Jervell (24) subsequently showed that, in exercise, the greatest accumulation in blood took place during the first few minutes. He felt that the blood lactate increase was due to a shortage of oxygen during the transition period. The observation was also made for the first time that the increased level of lac tate due to exercise could be made to fall faster if mild exercise was employed by the subjects in place of sedentary recovery. The work of Margaria, Edwards and Dill (40) appeared in 1933. They observed that exercise (treadmill running) could be carried on at low levels without significant changes in resting levels of blood lactate.
Author: Karen Sue Hageman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 144
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Author: Jennifer Grace Poole
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Author: Clark T. Holdsworth
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Impaired vasomotor control in chronic heart failure (CHF) limits the delivery of O2 to skeletal muscle during exercise. Previous results demonstrate significant increases in skeletal muscle blood flow (BF) during exercise with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation via fish oil (FO) versus safflower oil (SO) in healthy rats (Stebbins CL et al., Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 20:475-86, 2010). Whether PUFA supplementation with FO will improve vasomotor control in CHF and skeletal muscle BF during exercise remains to be determined. This investigation tested the hypothesis that PUFA supplementation with FO would augment the skeletal muscle BF response to exercise in rats with CHF when compared to SO. CHF was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by myocardial infarction produced via left coronary artery ligation. Rats were then randomized to dietary FO (20% docosahexaenoic acid and 30% eicosapentaenoic acid, n = 8) or SO (5% safflower, n = 6) supplementation for 6 weeks. Rats remained on their respective diets until final experiments were conducted. Following acute instrumentation and recovery (> 1 hour), mean arterial pressure (MAP), skeletal muscle BF to the total hindlimb and individual muscles (via radiolabeled microspheres), and blood lactate concentration were determined during rest, submaximal treadmill exercise and exercise+LNAME (20 m · min−1, 5% incline). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) measured in the SO and FO groups during instrumentation were similar and demonstrated moderate CHF (LVEDP; SO: 14 ± 2; FO: 11 ± 1 mmHg, P>0.05). During submaximal exercise, MAP (SO: 128 ± 3; FO: 132 ± 3 mmHg) and blood lactate (SO: 3.8 ± 0.4; FO: 4.6 ± 0.5 mmol · 1−1) were similar (P>0.05) between groups. Exercising hindlimb skeletal muscle BF was higher in SO compared to FO (SO: 120 ± 11; FO: 93 ± 4 ml · min−1 · 100 g−1). Specifically, 17 of 28 individual hindlimb muscle BF's were higher (P
Author: Brenda G. Mackie
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 111
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Book Description
Author: Mark Creager
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0323636012
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 963
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Book Description
With authoritative coverage of everything from recent discoveries in the field of vascular biology to recent clinical trials and evidence-based treatment strategies, Vascular Medicine, 3rd Edition, is your go-to resource for improving your patients' cardiovascular health. Part of the Braunwald family of renowned cardiology references, this updated volume integrates a contemporary understanding of vascular biology with a thorough review of clinical vascular diseases, making it an ideal reference for vascular medicine specialists, general cardiologists, interventional cardiologists, vascular surgeons, and interventional radiologists. - Incorporates technologic advances in vascular imaging – including ultrasound, MRI, CTA, and catheter-based angiography – along with more than 230 new figures, providing an up-to-date and complete view of the vascular system and vascular diseases. - Covers novel antithrombotic therapies for peripheral artery disease and venous thromboemboism, advances in endovascular interventions for aortic aneurysms, and today's best surgical treatments for vascular diseases. - Includes seven new chapters: Pathobiology of Aortic Aneurysms; Pathobiology and Assessment of Cardiovascular Fibrosis; Large Vessel Vasculitis; Medium and Small Vessel Vasculitis; Epidemiology and Prognosis of Venous Thromboembolic Disease; Fibromuscular Dysplasia; and Dermatologic Manifestations of Vascular Disease. - Discusses methods for aggressive patient management and disease prevention to ensure minimal risk of further cardiovascular problems. - Keeps you current with ACC/AHA and ECC guidelines and the best ways to implement them in clinical practice. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase, which allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices
