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Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Organizations
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : El Salvador
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
Author: United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Organizations
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : El Salvador
Languages : en
Pages : 100
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: IFES
ISBN: 1931459150
Category : Finance, Public
Languages : en
Pages : 145
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Book Description
Author: Edward S. Herman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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Book Description
Author: Erik Ching
Publisher: University of Notre Dame Pess
ISBN: 0268076995
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 488
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Book Description
In December 1931, El Salvador’s civilian president, Arturo Araujo, was overthrown in a military coup. Such an event was hardly unique in Salvadoran history, but the 1931 coup proved to be a watershed. Araujo had been the nation’s first democratically elected president, and although no one could have foreseen the result, the coup led to five decades of uninterrupted military rule, the longest run in modern Latin American history. Furthermore, six weeks after coming to power, the new military regime oversaw the crackdown on a peasant rebellion in western El Salvador that is one of the worst episodes of state-sponsored repression in modern Latin American history. Democracy would not return to El Salvador until the 1990s, and only then after a brutal twelve-year civil war. In Authoritarian El Salvador: Politics and the Origins of the Military Regimes, 1880-1940, Erik Ching seeks to explain the origins of the military regime that came to power in 1931. Based on his comprehensive survey of the extant documentary record in El Salvador’s national archive, Ching argues that El Salvador was typified by a longstanding tradition of authoritarianism dating back to the early- to mid-nineteenth century. The basic structures of that system were based on patron-client relationships that wove local, regional, and national political actors into complex webs of rival patronage networks. Decidedly nondemocratic in practice, the system nevertheless exhibited highly paradoxical traits: it remained steadfastly loyal to elections as the mechanism by which political aspirants acquired office, and it employed a political discourse laden with appeals to liberty and free suffrage. That blending of nondemocratic authoritarianism with populist reformism and rhetoric set the precedent for military rule for the next fifty years.
Author: Ralph Sprenkels
Publisher: University of Notre Dame Pess
ISBN: 0268103283
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 384
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Book Description
El Salvador’s 2009 presidential elections marked a historical feat: Frente Farabundo Martí para la Liberación Nacional (FMLN) became the first former Latin American guerrilla movement to win the ballot after failing to take power by means of armed struggle. In 2014, former comandante Salvador Sánchez Cerén became the country’s second FMLN president. After Insurgency focuses on the development of El Salvador’s FMLN from armed insurgency to a competitive political party. At the end of the war in 1992, the historical ties between insurgent veterans enabled the FMLN to reconvert into a relatively effective electoral machine. However, these same ties also fueled factional dispute and clientelism. Drawing on in-depth ethnographic fieldwork, Ralph Sprenkels examines El Salvador’s revolutionary movement as a social field, developing an innovative theoretical and methodological approach to the study of insurgent movements in general and their aftermath in particular, while weaving in the personal stories of former revolutionaries with a larger historical study of the civil war and of the transformation process of wartime forces into postwar political contenders. This allows Sprenkels to shed new light on insurgency’s persistent legacies, both for those involved as well as for Salvadoran politics at large. In documenting the shift from armed struggle to electoral politics, the book adds to ongoing debates about contemporary Latin America politics, the “pink tide,” and post-neoliberal electoralism. It also charts new avenues in the study of insurgency and its aftermath.
Author: Ainhoa Montoya
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 331976330X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 307
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Book Description
This book offers novel insights about the ability of a democracy to accommodate violence. In El Salvador, the end of war has brought about a violent peace, one in which various forms of violence have become incorporated into Salvadorans’ imaginaries and enactments of democracy. Based on ethnographic research, The Violence of Democracy argues that war legacies and the country’s neoliberalization have enabled an intricate entanglement of violence and political life in postwar El Salvador. This volume explores various manifestations of this entanglement: the clandestine connections between violent entrepreneurs and political actors; the blurring of the licit and illicit through the consolidation of economies of violence; and the reenactment of latent wartime conflicts and political cleavages during postwar electoral seasons. The author also discusses the potential for grassroots memory work and a political party shift to foster hopeful visions of the future and, ultimately, to transform the country’s violent democracy.
Author: Clare Ribando Seelke
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781687808783
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Congress has had significant interest in El Salvador, a small Central American nation that has had a large percentage of its population living in the United States since the country's civil conflict (1980-1992). During the 1980s, the U.S. government spent billions of dollars supporting the Salvadoran government's counterinsurgency efforts against the leftist Farabundo Mart� National Liberation Front (FMLN). The United States later supported a 1992 peace accord that ended the conflict and transformed the FMLN into a political party. Despite periodic tensions, the United States worked with two consecutive FMLN administrations (2009-2019), but bilateral efforts were unable to prevent significant outflows of migrants from the country. Domestic Situation On June 1, 2019, Nayib Bukele, a 37-year-old businessman and former mayor of San Salvador, took office for a five-year presidential term. Bukele won 53% of the vote in the February 2019 election, standing for the Grand Alliance for National Unity (GANA) party. Elected on an anticorruption platform, Bukele is the first president in 30 years to be elected without the backing of the conservative National Republic Alliance (ARENA) or the FMLN parties. Bukele succeeded Salvador S�nchez Cer�n (FMLN), who presided over a period of moderate economic growth (averaging 2.3%), ongoing security challenges, and political polarization. President Bukele has promised to reduce crime and attract investment, but his lack of support in the National Assembly (GANA has 11 of 84 seats) could present challenges. Bukele has proposed infrastructure projects that could help the country take better advantage of the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR); critics question how these projects will be financed. Bukele has criticized repressive governments in Venezuela, Nicaragua, and Honduras. During a July 2019 visit with Secretary of State Michael Pompeo, President Bukele vowed to improve relations with the United States by working bilaterally to address gangs, drugs, and immigration and seeking investment rather than U.S. assistance. U.S. Policy U.S. policy in El Salvador has focused on promoting economic prosperity, improving security, and strengthening governance under the U.S. Strategy for Engagement in Central America. Congress has appropriated nearly $2.6 billion for the strategy since FY2016, at least $410 million of which has been allocated to El Salvador. The Trump Administration has requested $445 million for the strategy in FY2020, including at least $45.7 million for El Salvador, and an unspecified amount allocated for the country under the Central American Regional Security Initiative (CARSI). Future U.S. engagement in El Salvador is uncertain, however, as the Administration announced in March 2019 that it intended to end foreign assistance programs in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras due to continued unauthorized U.S.-bound migration. In June 2019, the Administration identified FY2017 and FY2018 bilateral and regional funds subject to withholding or reprogramming. It is unclear how funds appropriated for FY2019 in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2019 (P.L. 116-6) and FY2020 funds may be affected. Bilateral relations also have been tested by shifts in U.S. immigration policies, including the Trump Administration's decision to rescind the temporary protected status (TPS) designation that has shielded up to 250,000 Salvadorans from removal since 2001. A House-passed bill, H.R. 6, would allow certain TPS designees to apply for permanent resident status.
Author: United States. Foreign Operations Administration
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : El Salvador
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
Author: Margarita S. Studemeister
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Civil supremacy over the military
Languages : en
Pages : 64
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Book Description
Author: William C Banks
Publisher: CQ Press
ISBN: 9780872893702
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1736
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Book Description
Providing thorough and accurate information on more than 200 countries, Political Handbook of the World 2007 is the one-stop source for finding complete, authoritative facts and analysis on each country's governmental and political makeup. Political Handbook of the World is renowned for its extensive coverage of major, minor, and antisystemic political parties in each nation. It also includes cabinet members, key ambassadors, and international memberships of each country and profiles nearly 120 intergovernmental organizations. This comprehensive, one-volume source for political information has been updated to include coverage of: Election results from countries around the world including Afghanistan, Bolivia, Canada, Comoro Islands, Cyprus, Egypt, Gabon, Haiti, Israel, Italy, Liberia, Mexico, and the Palestinian Authority, Newly formed parties, governing coalitions, and new party leaders in every country including Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Burundi, Djibouti, Japan, Kenya, Latvia, Macedonia, and Mexico, A new entry on the recently independent Montenegro, Important political activities and foreign policy initiatives in every country, Updated population figures and economic growth statistics for every country, Current issues, crises, and controversies dominating national political agendas, including the military coup in Thailand, the conflict between Israel and Hezbollah, nationalization of natural gas and land reform in Bolivia, Iran's nuclear program, the prodemocracy uprising in Nepal, civil unrest in France, and the crackdown on prodemocracy groups in Egypt, New intergovernmental organization activities, international conferences, and major programs and institutions run by intergovernmental organizations. Book jacket.
