The Potentiating Effects of Neuropeptide Y on Vascular Smooth Muscle PDF Download
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Author: Daniel L. Small
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Neuropeptide Y.
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
Author: Daniel L. Small
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Neuropeptide Y.
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
Author: Zhi-Gang Xiong
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide that is co-stored and co-released with noradrenaline from perivascular sympathetic nerves. In the present project, I tested the hypothesis that the vasopressor effect of NPY is related to its modulation of ion channel activities. The effects of NPY on Ca$\sp{2+}$-channel currents in freshly isolated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) from the rat tail artery were studied with the perforated-patch recording technique. At a testing potential of +10 mV, the amplitude of inward current was increased by 46% in the presence of NPY 150 nM. The effects of NPY on both Ca$\sp{2+}$ current amplitude and steady-state activation were much weaker compared to the dihydropyridine agonist Bay K 8644. Unlike Bay K 8644 which shifted steady-state inactivation curve toward less positive membrane potential by 14.3 mV, NPY had no signifiant effect on steady-state inactivation of the current. A synergistic action between NPY and Bay K 8644 was observed as the combined effect of NPY and Bay K 8644 was larger than the sum of NPY and Bay K 8644 alone. The effects of NPY on the Ca$\sp{2+}$-activated K$\sp+$ channel (K$\sb{(Ca)}$) in VSMCs from the rat tail artery were also studied by whole-cell and single channel recording technique. NPY did not affect the open times or current amplitude, but increased significantly the short (from 0.49 to 0.58 ms) and long (from 441 to 728 ms) close times. An inhibition of K$\sb{(Ca)}$ channels was also observed in cell-attached patches when NPY was applied in the bath solution, indicating involvement of diffusible second messenger. The effect of NPY on K$\sb{(Ca)}$ channels was ATP-dependent. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (genistein, lavendustin A, and tyrphostin A25) by themselves potentiated K$\sb{(Ca)}$ channel currents in a dose-dependent manner. At a testing potential of +30 mV and in the presence of genistein 15 $\mu$M, whole-cell current amplitude of K$\sb{(Ca)}$ increased by 143%. Similarly, single channel open probability increased by 120%. The potentiating effect of genistein on K$\sb{(Ca)}$ channels was ATP-dependent. Daidzein, an inactive analogue of genistein had no effect on K$\sb{(Ca)}.$ It is concluded that NPY potentiates vasoconstriction by a synergistic effect on C$\sp{2+}$ and K$\sb{(Ca)}$ channels in VSMCs. NPY can promote Ca$\sp{2+}$ entry by increasing Ca$\sp{2+}$ channel activity. Inhibition of K$\sb{(Ca)}$ channel would further increase the influx of C$\sp{2+}$ by promoting membrane depolarization and/or prolonging the duration of action potentials. It is also concluded that the effect of NPY on K$\sb{(Ca)}$-channel is mediated by a phosphorylation-dependent pathway, probably involving tyrosine phosphorylation. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Author: Duesler, Jr. (John G.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 230
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Author: William F. Colmers
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1592594654
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 577
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Book Description
Leading experts critically summarize the state of knowledge concerning the molecular, anatomical, physiological, and behavioral aspects of NPY and its congeners. Each article provides a comprehensive and in-depth survey, an overview of the role of NPY in the discipline covered, a discussion of the likely future direction that the field will take, and an up-to-date bibliography. Chapters include a treatment of the evolution of the PP family of genes, the structure of the NPY gene, and the distribution of NPY on the cardiovascular system, actions of NPY on the electrophysiological properties of nerve cells, and the effects of NPY on feeding and behavior. The chapters are written in an accessible style and serve both as an introduction to the field and as an extensive and detailed treatment of the current state of knowledge.
Author: Martin C. Michel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642187641
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 556
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Book Description
After a little more than 20 years since the original discovery of neuropeptide Y (NPY) by Tatemoto and colleagues, the field of NPY research has made remarkable progress and is coming of age.The present volume addresses all major topics in connection with NPY and related peptides by established leaders in their respective areas. Experienced NPY-aficionados will certainly find new and useful additional information in this volume and newcomers to the field will hopefully discover how much exciting research this still has to offer.
Author: Zofia Zukowska
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3764374179
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 276
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Book Description
The NPY-family of peptides encompasses several groups of neurotransmitters and hormones, which exert diverse biological and pathological actions that bear on all major vital systems. The recognition of the role of NPY in stimulation of food intake has already resulted in discovery of potent and selective NPY receptor Y-5 antagonists which are in clinical development for obesity while NPY Y1 receptors are targeted for cardiovascular indications. Research into the multiple functions of NPY and its receptors in neurological and affective disorders are also actively pursued. This book is a unique compilation of the most recent breakthroughs in NPY/PYY neurobiology, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, written by internationally renowned experts with the objective to synthesize leading concepts and data in support for translational medicine.
Author: Michel Félétou
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615041230
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 309
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Book Description
The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Author: Viktor Mutt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 392
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Author: David Erlinge
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Adenosine triphosphate
Languages : en
Pages : 168
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 1764
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