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Author: Steven Spears
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303462085
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Book Description
Recent research has indicated convincing evidence of a link between characteristics of the built environment and travel behavior. However, few land use - travel behavior studies include cognitive factors (such as attitudes, perceptions, and environmental norms) that have been found to affect travel mode choice in the social psychology literature. This dissertation develops and empirically tests a theoretical framework called the Perception-Intention-Adaptation (PIA) model that brings land use and attitude-behavior theory together in order to address gaps in the travel behavior literature. Following a detailed description of the PIA model, the dissertation is comprised of three empirical essays. The analyses in these essays are based on cross-sectional and panel data collected during the Expo Line Study, the first experimental-control, before-and-after evaluation of a rail transit investment in California. The first essay evaluates the predictive power of the core socio-psychological constructs of the PIA (attitudes, norms, and control beliefs) in combination with a comprehensive set of built environment and socio-economic measures. Regression models of transit use are used to analyze cross-sectional data obtained before the opening of the Exposition light rail line in Los Angeles. The analysis indicates that two PIA constructs, attitudes toward public transportation and concerns about personal safety, significantly improve the model fit and were robust predictors of transit use, independent of built environment factors. The second essay uses panel data collected before and after the opening of the Exposition light rail line to examine changes in travel behavior. A quasi-experimental approach with experimental (within ℗ư mile of an Expo station) and control (beyond ℗ư mile) households is used to evaluate the travel effects of the opening of the Expo line at the household level. The results show a statistically significant reduction in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in the experimental group, though overall transit ridership and travel-related physical activity did not change significantly. The final essay uses the before and after opening panel data to examine socio-psychological aspects of travel behavior change in response to the Expo Line opening. Random effects models of transit use, car driver trips, and active travel trips all show that the socio-psychological constructs hypothesized in the PIA model do have a significant impact on travel behavior. In addition, cross-lagged models designed to examine the attitude-behavior relationship show an apparent causal pathway from attitudes to behavior for all three travel outcomes.
Author: Steven Spears
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303462085
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156
Get Book Here
Book Description
Recent research has indicated convincing evidence of a link between characteristics of the built environment and travel behavior. However, few land use - travel behavior studies include cognitive factors (such as attitudes, perceptions, and environmental norms) that have been found to affect travel mode choice in the social psychology literature. This dissertation develops and empirically tests a theoretical framework called the Perception-Intention-Adaptation (PIA) model that brings land use and attitude-behavior theory together in order to address gaps in the travel behavior literature. Following a detailed description of the PIA model, the dissertation is comprised of three empirical essays. The analyses in these essays are based on cross-sectional and panel data collected during the Expo Line Study, the first experimental-control, before-and-after evaluation of a rail transit investment in California. The first essay evaluates the predictive power of the core socio-psychological constructs of the PIA (attitudes, norms, and control beliefs) in combination with a comprehensive set of built environment and socio-economic measures. Regression models of transit use are used to analyze cross-sectional data obtained before the opening of the Exposition light rail line in Los Angeles. The analysis indicates that two PIA constructs, attitudes toward public transportation and concerns about personal safety, significantly improve the model fit and were robust predictors of transit use, independent of built environment factors. The second essay uses panel data collected before and after the opening of the Exposition light rail line to examine changes in travel behavior. A quasi-experimental approach with experimental (within ℗ư mile of an Expo station) and control (beyond ℗ư mile) households is used to evaluate the travel effects of the opening of the Expo line at the household level. The results show a statistically significant reduction in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in the experimental group, though overall transit ridership and travel-related physical activity did not change significantly. The final essay uses the before and after opening panel data to examine socio-psychological aspects of travel behavior change in response to the Expo Line opening. Random effects models of transit use, car driver trips, and active travel trips all show that the socio-psychological constructs hypothesized in the PIA model do have a significant impact on travel behavior. In addition, cross-lagged models designed to examine the attitude-behavior relationship show an apparent causal pathway from attitudes to behavior for all three travel outcomes.
Author: Peter Gall Krogh
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030378969
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
Constructive design research, is an exploratory endeavor building exemplars, arguments, and evidence. In this monograph, it is shown how acts of designing builds relevance and articulates knowledge in combination. Using design acts to build new knowledge, invite reframing of questions and new perceptions to build up. Respecting the emergence of new knowledge in the process invite change of cause and action. The authors' term for this change is drifting; designers drift; and they drift intentionally, knowing what they do. The book details how drifting is a methodic practice of its own and provides examples of how and where it happens. This volume explores how to do it effectively, and how it depends on the concept of knowledge. The authors identify four epistemic traditions in constructive design research. By introducing a Knowledge/Relevance model they clarify how design experiments create knowledge and what kinds of challenges and contributions designers face when drifting. Along the lines of experimental design work the authors identify five main ways in which constructive experiments drift. Only one of them borrows its practices from experimental science, others build on precedents including arts and craft practices. As the book reveals, constructive design research builds on a rich body of research that finds its origins in some of the most important intellectual movements of 20th century. This background further expands constructive design research from a scientific model towards a more welcoming understanding of research and knowledge. This monograph provides novel actionable models for steering and navigating processes of constructive design research. It helps skill the design researcher in participating in the general language games of research and helps the design researcher build research relations beyond the discipline.
Author: Wei Luo
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000389545
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 1088
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Book Description
Selected papers from the International Conference on New Computational Social Science, focusing on the following five aspects: Big data acquisition and analysis, Integration of qualitative research and quantitative research, Sociological Internet experiment research, Application of ABM simulation method in Sociology Research, Research and development of new social computing tools. With the rapid development of information technology, especially sweeping progress in the Internet of things, cloud computing, social networks, social media and big data, social computing, as a data-intensive science, is an emerging field that leverages the capacity to collect and analyze data with an unprecedented breadth, depth and scale. It represents a new computing paradigm and an interdisciplinary field of research and application. A broad comprehension of major topics involved in social computing is important for both scholars and practitioners. This proceedings presents and discusses key concepts and analyzes the state-of-the-art of the field. The conference not only gave insights on social computing, but also affords conduit for future research in the field. Social computing has two distinct trends: One is on the social science issues, such as computational social science, computational sociology, social network analysis, etc; The other is on the use of computational techniques. Finally some new challenges ahead are summarized, including interdisciplinary cooperation and training, big data sharing for scientific data mashups, and privacy protect.
Author: Debra D. Joseph
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3036555048
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
Climate change and urban development threaten health, undermine coping and deepen existing social and environmental inequities. A changing global environment requires transformative social responses: new partnerships, deep engagement with local communities, and innovation to strengthen individual and collective assets. The chapters of this edited volume have mainly been contributed by established and emerging scholars representing social work, sociology, development studies, law, government, social anthropology, urbanism, public policy, and other social sciences This book is to be used for academics, policy makers, social work students, lecturers and other stakeholders to promote advocacy for vulnerable client groups affected by climate change. It gives some measure of hope and makes the invisible visible, allowing for change.
Author: Lawrence A. Kuznar
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781780399706
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
The 12 essays in this volume examine the concept of intent in defense, security, and foreign-policy contexts. They provide operational and academic perspectives on measuring the intent of adversaries, including nation-states and nonstate actors, and understanding the relationship of intent to behavior. The essays apply the insights and methods of multiple disciplines-anthropology, psychology, political science, neuroscience, and others-to the study of intent, for which there is currently no coherent body of research. As Lt Gen Robert Elder, USAF, retired, notes, we are good at estimating an adversary's capabilities but not as good at estimating his intent. To influence an adversary's behavior, we must understand the perception-to-intent-to-action dynamic that underlies his behavior. This collection of essays, which emerged from a Department of Defense Strategic Multilayer Assessment, provides perspectives for doing so. The authors represent multiple agencies and fields of study; some are academics, and some are military subject-matter experts. Their expertise includes decision and behavioral analysis, social psychology, warfare and military strategy, political behavior, applications of neuroscience to behavioral studies, foreign policy, and antiterrorism.
Author: Timothy L. Hubbard
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107154987
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 505
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Book Description
Numerous spatial biases influence navigation, interactions, and preferences in our environment. This volume considers their influences on perception and memory.
Author: I Ajzen
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
ISBN: 0335224008
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 192
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Book Description
Why do people say one thing and do another? Why do people behave inconsistently from one situation to another? How do people translate their beliefs and feelings into actions? This thoroughly revised and updated edition describes why and how beliefs, attitudes and personality traits influence human behaviour. Building on the strengths of the previous edition, it covers recent developments in existing theories and details new theoretical approaches to the attitude-behaviour relationships. These novel developments provide insight into the predictability – and unpredictability – of human behaviour. The book examines: Recent innovations in the assessment of attitudes and personality The implications for prediction of behaviour of these innovations Differences between spontaneous and reasoned processes The most recent research on the relations between intentions and behaviour While the book is written primarily for students and researchers in social, personality, and organizational psychology, it also has wide-reaching appeal to students, researchers and professionals in the fields of health and social welfare, marketing and consumer behaviour.
Author: Patrick Haggard
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190267291
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 453
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Book Description
Agency has two meanings in psychology and neuroscience. It can refer to one's capacity to affect the world and act in line with one's goals and desires--this is the objective aspect of agency. But agency can also refer to the subjective experience of controlling one's actions, or how it feels to achieve one's goals or affect the world. This subjective aspect is known as the sense of agency, and it is an important part of what makes us human. Interest in the sense of agency has exploded since the early 2000s, largely because scientists have learned that it can be studied objectively through analyses of human judgment, behavior, and the brain. This book brings together some of the world's leading researchers to give structure to this nascent but rapidly growing field. The contributors address questions such as: What role does agency play in the sense of self? Is agency based on predicting outcomes of actions? And what are the links between agency and motivation? Recent work on the sense of agency has been markedly interdisciplinary. The chapters collected here combine ideas and methods from fields as diverse as engineering, psychology, neurology, neuroscience, and philosophy of mind, making the book a valuable resource for any student or researcher interested in action, volition, and exploring how mind and brain are organized.
Author: Meinolf Dierkes
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 9780198295822
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1012
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Book Description
This is an overview of how the concept of organisational learning emerged, how it has been used and debated, and where it may be going.
Author: Richards J Heuer
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
ISBN: 1839743050
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
In this seminal work, published by the C.I.A. itself, produced by Intelligence veteran Richards Heuer discusses three pivotal points. First, human minds are ill-equipped ("poorly wired") to cope effectively with both inherent and induced uncertainty. Second, increased knowledge of our inherent biases tends to be of little assistance to the analyst. And lastly, tools and techniques that apply higher levels of critical thinking can substantially improve analysis on complex problems.
