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Author: Zahradden Adam
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346091333
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 54
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Book Description
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, , course: AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TAX REVENUE AND PUBLIC EXPENDITURE IN NIGERIA., language: English, abstract: The study investigatedon the relationship between tax revenue and public expenditure in Nigeria for the period of 1985-2017. To achieve the objective of the study, relevant secondary data were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. The study set out to test both long run and causal relationship between tax revenue and public expenditure in Nigeria. An empirical investigation was conducted using time-series data on oil revenue, non-oil revenue and capital expenditure from 1985-2017. The technique employed in the study include were Augmented Dickey Fuller test, Johasen Co-integration test, Vector Error Correction Model, Granger Causality test, and diagnostic test. The results shows a significant long-run relationship and a uni-directional relationship between tax revenue and public expenditure in Nigeria.The study recommends that Government should endeavor to provide social amenities to all nooks and crannies of the country as this will boost the level of tax compliance in Nigeria.
Author: Zahradden Adam
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346091333
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 54
Get Book Here
Book Description
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2019 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, , course: AN ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TAX REVENUE AND PUBLIC EXPENDITURE IN NIGERIA., language: English, abstract: The study investigatedon the relationship between tax revenue and public expenditure in Nigeria for the period of 1985-2017. To achieve the objective of the study, relevant secondary data were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletin. The study set out to test both long run and causal relationship between tax revenue and public expenditure in Nigeria. An empirical investigation was conducted using time-series data on oil revenue, non-oil revenue and capital expenditure from 1985-2017. The technique employed in the study include were Augmented Dickey Fuller test, Johasen Co-integration test, Vector Error Correction Model, Granger Causality test, and diagnostic test. The results shows a significant long-run relationship and a uni-directional relationship between tax revenue and public expenditure in Nigeria.The study recommends that Government should endeavor to provide social amenities to all nooks and crannies of the country as this will boost the level of tax compliance in Nigeria.
Author: Niaz Ghumro
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 13
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Book Description
The study investigates the actual causal partnership between expenditure and tax revenue inside Pakistan applying cointegration with error-correction methodology for the period 1979 to 2012. This statistical methodology opens an additional channel for causation between government tax revenues (RTAX) and expenditures (REXP). The empirical upshots reveal the existence of unidirectional causality running from (REXP) expendituresto (RTAX) revenues ("spend-revenue" hypothesis). It is suggested to concern authorities the preference of controlling or reducing expenditures.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309172888
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
The United States annually spends over $300 billion on public elementary and secondary education. As the nation enters the 21st century, it faces a major challenge: how best to tie this financial investment to the goal of high levels of achievement for all students. In addition, policymakers want assurance that education dollars are being raised and used in the most efficient and effective possible ways. The book covers such topics as: Legal and legislative efforts to reduce spending and achievement gaps. The shift from "equity" to "adequacy" as a new standard for determining fairness in education spending. The debate and the evidence over the productivity of American schools. Strategies for using school finance in support of broader reforms aimed at raising student achievement. This book contains a comprehensive review of the theory and practice of financing public schools by federal, state, and local governments in the United States. It distills the best available knowledge about the fairness and productivity of expenditures on education and assesses options for changing the finance system.
Author: Juan Toro R.
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1455217611
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 122
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Book Description
This paper identifies policy tools that could be used for fiscal consolidation in advanced and emerging economies in the years ahead. The consolidation strategy, particularly in advanced countries, should aim to stabilize age-related spending in relation to GDP, reduce non-age-related expenditure ratios, and increase revenues. Bold reforms are needed to offset projected increases in age-related spending, particularly health care. On the revenue side, measures could include improving tax compliance, for example through better international cooperation, as well as increasing the yield from VAT by eliminating exemptions and reduced rates, further developing property taxes, and increasing excise rates within the range of rates already applicable in comparable countries.
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 926419553X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
The relationship between different levels of government is one that is continually under review. Policy-makers ensure the expenditure and revenue functions of each tier of government with a view to balancing efficiency, equity and democratic ...
Author: Swift
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Tax expenditures
Languages : en
Pages : 31
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Book Description
Abstract: "Tax expenditures, in the form of tax provisions, are government expenditures. They are conceptually and functionally distinct from those tax provisions whose purpose is to raise revenue. Tax expenditure programs are comparable to entitlement programs. Therefore, tax expenditures must be analyzed in spending terms and integrated into the budgetary process to ensure fiscal accountability. In addition, tax expenditures must be audited for performance and the information must be published (with comprehensive analysis) to ensure fiscal transparency. The author analyzes the concept and definition, size, and effects of tax expenditures, as well as the fiscal accountability and transparency of tax expenditure spending. In short, tax expenditures affect (1) the budget balance, (2) budget prioritization in allocation, (3) the effectiveness and efficiency of fiscal resources, and (4) the scope for abuse by taxpayers, government officials and legislators. While reviewing the current practices in tax expenditures against the requirements of fiscal accountability and transparency, she finds that this fiscal area must be strengthened. The author sketches four building blocks to strengthen tax expenditures toward fiscal accountability and transparency, based on the literature developed by Surry and McDaniel, the practices from industrial and developing countries, the Campos and Pradhan fiscal accountability model, and the International Monetary Fund's fiscal transparency code. The author argues that normative/benchmark tax structure, a revenue-raising component of the tax system, should be formalized. The normative/benchmark tax structure should be legally defined in the tax law and should be transparent. The tax receipts from this normative/benchmark tax structure should be quantified and published. Presently, many countries could publish imputed tax revenue from normative/benchmark tax structures because such data is available. Only if imputed tax revenue is published in the same way as the other budget components-tax revenue received, tax expenditures, direct expenditures, and fiscal balance-will a budget system be truly transparent in terms of revenue-raising activities and expenditure activities. In addition, when the tax revenue-raising activity is formalized, the inherent spending nature of tax expenditures is further exposed. Therefore, tax expenditures should be added to direct expenditures forming total government expenditures. Furthermore, the conventional concept of the size of government should be remedied by including both direct expenditures and tax expenditures."--World Bank web site.
Author: Samson Aladejare
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The relationship between government revenue and government expenditure is important, given its relevance for policy especially with respect to the budget deficit. The purpose of this study is to examine the structure of federal government revenue and expenditure in Nigeria, from 1961-2010. It investigates the causal relationship between government revenue and government expenditure, using Granger causality test through cointegrated vector autoregression (VAR) methods; so as to determine whether the tax-spend hypothesis, spend-tax hypothesis, fiscal synchronization hypothesis, or the fiscal neutrality hypothesis hold in the relationship between government revenue and expenditure for Nigeria. The result shows that there is a bi-directional causality between government revenue and government expenditure. The outcome of the bi-directional causality between government revenue and expenditure supports the fiscal synchronization hypothesis. This therefore, suggest that the federal government should not make spending-tax decisions in isolation of tax-spend decisions. This is because the joint determination of revenues and expenditures is appealing as long as it effectively restrains the budget deficit. Therefore, efforts at enhancing sources of revenue should be accompanied by reductions in government spending for Nigeria.
Author: Mr.Santiago Acosta Ormaechea
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 161635917X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
We investigate the relation between changes in tax composition and long-run economic growth using a new dataset covering a broad cross-section of countries with different income levels. We specifically consider 69 countries with at least 20 years of observations on total tax revenue during the period 1970-2009—21 high-income, 23 middle-income and 25 low-income countries. To our knowledge this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date dataset on tax composition and growth. We find that increasing income taxes while reducing consumption and property taxes is associated with slower growth over the long run. We also find that: (1) among income taxes, social security contributions and personal income taxes have a stronger negative association with growth than corporate income taxes; (2) a shift from income taxes to property taxes has a strong positive association with growth; and (3) a reduction in income taxes while increasing value added and sales taxes is also associated with faster growth.
Author: Charles L. Ballard
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226036332
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 275
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Book Description
This book reports the authors' research on one of the most sophisticated general equilibrium models designed for tax policy analysis. Significantly disaggregated and incorporating the complete array of federal, state, and local taxes, the model represents the U.S. economy and tax system in a large computer package. The authors consider modifications of the tax system, including those being raised in current policy debates, such as consumption-based taxes and integration of the corporate and personal income tax systems. A counterfactual economy associated with each of these alternatives is generated, and the possible outcomes are compared.
Author: Philip Booth
Publisher: London Publishing Partnership
ISBN: 025536735X
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 256
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Book Description
Amidst the debates about ‘austerity’ a number of vital debates in public finance have been sidelined. Because the reductions in government spending – small though they have been so far- have been designed to reduce the government’s borrowing requirement, there has been little discussion of whether the size of the state should be reduced in order to facilitate long-run reductions in the burden of taxation. This book traces the history of the growth of the size of the state over the last 100 years whilst also making international comparisons. There is a particular focus on recent and projected future developments which shows that, though the total level of government spending has not decreased significantly in recent years, there has been a big redirection of spending from some areas to others. The authors then examine the evidence on the relationship between taxation and economic growth. As well as reviewing recent literature, they also undertake new modelling that higher taxes are detrimental for growth. In the final part of the book, the whole UK tax system is reconsidered in a proper economic framework. The UK has one of the world’s most complex tax systems and its incoherence has increased over the last five years. Sweeping reforms are proposed to the system which wold involve abolishing around 20 taxes and the development of a simple, predictable tax system based on principles that should gain wide acceptance.
