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Author: Anja Lambrechts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788178953335
Category : Actin
Languages : en
Pages : 273
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Book Description
The actin cytoskeleton has been studied for more than fifty years now. Ample studies have documented its fundamental role in cell motility and migration and, especially in the last two decades, tremendous progress has been made to understand the biochemistry of this complex system in relation to its cellular function. The actin system is a multipurpose machine for the cell and is essential for virtually all cellular processes. The actin cytoskeleton is an architectural element, it generates the force for cell migration and for muscle contraction, it is involved in endocytosis, and filaments serve as tracks for sorting cellular components. In the various chapters of this book the role of the actin cytoskeleton in these very different cellular processes is described. As a consequence of its multitasking function, abnormalities in this essential structural component frequently result in disease. Mutations and deregulation of cytoskeletal proteins cause a wide variety of disorders, including muscle and cardiac myopathies, neuronadegenerative diseases and cancer. The first three chapters deal with various molecular properties of components of the actin cytoskeleton in relation to cellular function (and dysfunction). In Chapter 1 Vandamme and coworkers discuss the major building block of the actin cytoskeleton, the actin molecule itself. The paper focuses on gene structures and the tissue and developmental regulation of the six mammalian actin isoforms. Mutations in the actin molecule leading to diseases are discussed as are pathophysiological situations connected to particular actin isoforms. In Chapter 2 the group of Prof. Hüttelmaier gives an overview of an emerging field in actin cytoskeleton research; that of subcellular sorting of the cytoplasmic actin isoforms and its role in establishing polarity via posttranscriptional control of gene expression. Intriguing is the dual property of actin in this, it functions as a track and anchoring scaffold for its own synthesis. In a next chapter by Veniere et al. the biochemistry of actin and actin binding proteins is summarized and put into a context of the formation of subcellular structures, lamellipodia, filopodia and stress fibers, typically associated with cell migration. In the last decade, the actin cytoskeleton also gained clinical importance with the growing awareness of its crucial role during deregulated tumor cell invasion. Therefore two chapters are entirely devoted to the actin cytoskeleton in cancer cell migration. In Chapter 4 Prof. Roy and his team describe the deregulations in the actin system leading to tumor cell migration, expanding on the regulation by Rho-GTPases and polyphosphoinositides. In Chapter 5, Debeir and colleagues outline the rationales for using particular tools to study cell migration assays and discusses, in-depth, global and single cell assays, microscopy and image acquisition technologies, and software tools to study the migratory behavior of cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo model systems. The next four chapters focus on specialized systems. In Chapter 6 Prof. Dent updates on progress made on the role of the actin cytoskeleton in the differentiation of neurons including neuronal migration through axon outgrowth and guidance to synaptogenesis. In Chapter 7, Dr. Sonnemann and Prof. Ervasti, revisit some actin isoforms for their role in muscle development and formation of substructures that are typical for muscle cells and also describe actin diseases in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Dr. Hinz describes, in Chapter 8, the intricate relation between the (maturing) adhesion machinery and the actin cytoskeleton, its role in mechanosensing and in transmitting mechanical stress signals. An equally complex interplay exists between the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane. Prof. Qualmann and coworkers discuss this in the final chapter giving an extensive overview of multidisciplinary research that has advanced our understanding on the cellular pathways and coordinated events leading to formation of vesicles, in which the actin cytoskeleton is instrumental. We acknowledge all authors for their expert contributions. No book of this size on the actin cytoskeleton can be complete, but with this book we have covered a large part of the current research directions in this field. As is evident from the concluding remarks in each of the chapters our work for understanding the role of the actin cytoskeleton is far from complete. Despite many years of intensive and elegant research, many intriguing questions remain but we hope by publishing this book we incite (young) scientists to take up research in the wonderful world of the actin cytoskeleton.
Author: Anja Lambrechts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788178953335
Category : Actin
Languages : en
Pages : 273
Get Book Here
Book Description
The actin cytoskeleton has been studied for more than fifty years now. Ample studies have documented its fundamental role in cell motility and migration and, especially in the last two decades, tremendous progress has been made to understand the biochemistry of this complex system in relation to its cellular function. The actin system is a multipurpose machine for the cell and is essential for virtually all cellular processes. The actin cytoskeleton is an architectural element, it generates the force for cell migration and for muscle contraction, it is involved in endocytosis, and filaments serve as tracks for sorting cellular components. In the various chapters of this book the role of the actin cytoskeleton in these very different cellular processes is described. As a consequence of its multitasking function, abnormalities in this essential structural component frequently result in disease. Mutations and deregulation of cytoskeletal proteins cause a wide variety of disorders, including muscle and cardiac myopathies, neuronadegenerative diseases and cancer. The first three chapters deal with various molecular properties of components of the actin cytoskeleton in relation to cellular function (and dysfunction). In Chapter 1 Vandamme and coworkers discuss the major building block of the actin cytoskeleton, the actin molecule itself. The paper focuses on gene structures and the tissue and developmental regulation of the six mammalian actin isoforms. Mutations in the actin molecule leading to diseases are discussed as are pathophysiological situations connected to particular actin isoforms. In Chapter 2 the group of Prof. Hüttelmaier gives an overview of an emerging field in actin cytoskeleton research; that of subcellular sorting of the cytoplasmic actin isoforms and its role in establishing polarity via posttranscriptional control of gene expression. Intriguing is the dual property of actin in this, it functions as a track and anchoring scaffold for its own synthesis. In a next chapter by Veniere et al. the biochemistry of actin and actin binding proteins is summarized and put into a context of the formation of subcellular structures, lamellipodia, filopodia and stress fibers, typically associated with cell migration. In the last decade, the actin cytoskeleton also gained clinical importance with the growing awareness of its crucial role during deregulated tumor cell invasion. Therefore two chapters are entirely devoted to the actin cytoskeleton in cancer cell migration. In Chapter 4 Prof. Roy and his team describe the deregulations in the actin system leading to tumor cell migration, expanding on the regulation by Rho-GTPases and polyphosphoinositides. In Chapter 5, Debeir and colleagues outline the rationales for using particular tools to study cell migration assays and discusses, in-depth, global and single cell assays, microscopy and image acquisition technologies, and software tools to study the migratory behavior of cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo model systems. The next four chapters focus on specialized systems. In Chapter 6 Prof. Dent updates on progress made on the role of the actin cytoskeleton in the differentiation of neurons including neuronal migration through axon outgrowth and guidance to synaptogenesis. In Chapter 7, Dr. Sonnemann and Prof. Ervasti, revisit some actin isoforms for their role in muscle development and formation of substructures that are typical for muscle cells and also describe actin diseases in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Dr. Hinz describes, in Chapter 8, the intricate relation between the (maturing) adhesion machinery and the actin cytoskeleton, its role in mechanosensing and in transmitting mechanical stress signals. An equally complex interplay exists between the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane. Prof. Qualmann and coworkers discuss this in the final chapter giving an extensive overview of multidisciplinary research that has advanced our understanding on the cellular pathways and coordinated events leading to formation of vesicles, in which the actin cytoskeleton is instrumental. We acknowledge all authors for their expert contributions. No book of this size on the actin cytoskeleton can be complete, but with this book we have covered a large part of the current research directions in this field. As is evident from the concluding remarks in each of the chapters our work for understanding the role of the actin cytoskeleton is far from complete. Despite many years of intensive and elegant research, many intriguing questions remain but we hope by publishing this book we incite (young) scientists to take up research in the wonderful world of the actin cytoskeleton.
Author: Marie-France Carlier
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 904819301X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 434
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Book Description
Since the discovery of actin by Straub in the 1950’s and the pioneering work of Oosawa on actin self-assembly in helical laments in the 1960’s, many books and conference proceedings have been published. As one of the most essential p- teins in life, essential for movement in organisms rangingfrom bacteria to higher eukaryotes, it is no surprise that actin has fascinated generations of scientists from many different elds. Actin can be considered as a “living treasure” of biology; the kinetics and thermodynamics of self-assembly, the dissipative nature of actin po- merization, the molecular interactions of monomeric and polymerized actin with regulators, the mechanical properties of actin gels, and more recently the force p- ducing motile and morphogenetic processes organized by the actin nanomachine in response to signaling, are all milestones in actin research. Discoveries that directly derive from and provide deeper insight into the fundamental properties of actin are constantly being made, making actin an ever appealing research molecule. At the same time, the explosion in new technologies and techniques in biological sciences has served to attract researchers from an expanding number of disciplines, to study actin. This book presents the latest developments of these new multiscale approaches of force and movement powered by self-assembly processes, with the hope to opening our perspectives on the many areas of actin-based motility research.
Author: James E. Estes
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461525780
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 231
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Book Description
During the period August 5-9, 1992, and immediately preceding the 1992 Gordon Research Conference on Motile and Contractile Systems, the "Third International Conference on the Structure and Function of Ubiquitous Cellular Protein Actin" was held at the Emma Willard School in Troy, New York, under the title "ACTIN '92". This conference focused on the fundamental properties and cellular functions of actin and actin based microfilament systems. The first conference in this series was held in 1982, in Sydney, Australia, and hosted by Dr. Cristobal G. dos Remedios and Dr. Julian A. Barden, both from the University of Sydney (New South Wales, Austrailia). The second conference convened in Monza, Italy in June 1987, and was organized by Dr. Roberto Colombo, University of Milan (Italy). This third gathering of researchers devoted to the study of actin and actin-associated proteins was organized by Dr. James E. Estes, Albany Stratton V A Medical Center and Dr. Paul 1. Higgins, Albany Medical College, who were assisted by an Organizing Committee consisting of Dr. Edward D. Korn (National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH), Dr. Thomas P. Stossel (Massachusetts General Hospital), Dr. Fumio Matsumura (Rutgers University), and Dr. Stephen Farmer (Boston University). This meeting was dedicated to the many pioneering contributions of Professor Fumio Oosawa to the field of actin research.
Author: Joel Pardee
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615040064
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 57
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Book Description
The cell is no longer considered to be a bag full of enzymes dissolved in a liquid cytoplasm. It is now known that the cytoplasm is an exquisitely ordered structure of properly placed organelles and enzyme complexes that are suspended from an intricate network of structural protein polymers termed the cytoskeleton. All movement of organelles and vesicles within the cell is regulated by this cytoskeleton, and it is clear that the cytoskeleton is responsible for all of the cell's external movement as well. In this lecture, we will consider how the cytoskeleton elicits cell migration.The three main elements of the cytoskeleton are microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments. Microtubules are essential for (a) intracellular transport within the cytoplasm and transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm, (b) the structure and movement of all cilia and flagella, and (c) the structure of the mitotic spindle and movement of chromosomes on the spindle during cell division. Intermediate filaments give structural integrity to virtually all cells and tissues by providing an intracellular network of flexible cables that strengthen internal cell structure and stabilize cell-to-cell adhesion. It is this intercellular binding property that stably joins epithelial cells together to provide the protective functions of skin and the integrity of the intestinal mucosa.Actin is a highly conserved protein ubiquitous to all eukaryotic cells. Actin is absolutely required for (a) cell migration, (b) the contraction of muscle (both striated and smooth), (c) the structure and function of many cell protrusions (e.g., microvilli, filopodia, lamellopodia, blood platelet projections), (d) division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis) during telophase of cell mitosis, and (e) movement and placement of organelles within the cell. Actin filaments are also called thin filaments because of their very slender (70 Ã…) diameter.
Author: Heide Schatten
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1493929046
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 395
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Book Description
This volume addresses the structural and functional roles of the cytoskeleton and its dysfunctions which often lead to disease. It provides thorough discussion of microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and cytoskeletal functions and dysfunctions in different organ systems. Comprehensive yet concise. The Cytoskeleton In Health And Disease presents cutting-edge discoveries balanced with background information and highlights the new aspects of the research and its impact on the design of new strategies or the identification of new targets for therapeutic intervention. There is a significant need for a book on this topic, as interest in the cytoskeleton continues to grow as causes and cures for cytoskeletal diseases are further explored in biomedical research. This book is essential reading for scientists, students, and teachers interested in expanding their knowledge related to the cytoskeleton. New researchers entering the field will find classic and well as contemporary information not easily found in the current literature or internet resources.
Author: Bruce Alberts
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780815332183
Category : Cytology
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Author: P.J. Sansonetti
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642772382
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 151
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Book Description
Shigellosis is present all over the world. Anyone traveling in developing countries knows that the control of this invasive disease of the intestine is a priority task for physicians and public health authorities. Victims are essentially young children, and complications such as the hemolytic uremic syndrome make shigellosis a systemic disease rather than simply an infection of the colonic mucosa. However, "Westerners" should not consider shigeJlosis as an unlikely threat of the tropics. The disease arises in industrialized countries as soon as breaches in sanitation appear. A few months ago, at least 500 people developed shigellosis in northern France in an outbreak of Shigella sonnei infection due to accidental contamination of an urban water delivery system. The pathogenesis of shigellosis is an extraordinary topic of research because study of the invasion of the colonic mucosa addresses fundamental questions on. the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which a bacterial pathogen can pene trate non phagocytic cells, survive, multiply, spread in the intra cellular compartment, and eventually kill host cells. Further development of the infection within subepithelial tissues as well as the mechanisms that contribute to the eradication of this process have barely been studied.
Author: Jose C. Jimenez-Lopez
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 9535131699
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic intracellular platform constituted by a three-dimensional network of proteins responsible for key cellular roles as structure and shape, cell growth and development, and offering to the cell with "motility" that being the ability of the entire cell to move and for material to be moved within the cell in a regulated fashion (vesicle trafficking). The present edition of Cytoskeleton provides new insights into the structure-functional features, dynamics, and cytoskeleton's relationship to diseases. The authors' contribution in this book will be of substantial importance to a wide audience such as clinicians, researches, educators, and students interested in getting updated knowledge about molecular basis of cytoskeleton, such as regulation of cell vital processes by actin-binding proteins as cell morphogenesis, motility, their implications in cell signaling, as well as strategies for clinical trial and alternative therapies based in multitargeting molecules to tackle diseases, that is, cancer.
Author: Harold L. Segal
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
This work examines recent research in the biochemical basis of aging and offers contributions from an international group of researchers actively engaged in this field. It provides valuable new data on how aging alters protein metabolism and structure, the cell, endocrine and neurobiological functions, and free radicals. The book also explores the effects of dietary restrictions on aging. Specific topics include mechanisms of protein degradation; turnover of plasma membrane proteins in hepatocytes; genetic, biochemical, and molecular studies of cellular senescence; effects of aging and dietary restrictions on protein synthesis; and physiological antioxidant defense and repair systems.
Author: Thomas Dean Pollard
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781621820161
Category : Cell membranes
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
The cytoskeleton is the intracellular filament system that controls the morphology of a cell, allows it to move, and provides trafficking routes for intracellular transport. It comprises three major filament systems-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments-along with a host of adaptors, regulators, molecular motors, and additional structural proteins. This textbook presents a comprehensive and up-to-date view of the cytoskeleton, cataloguing its many different components and explaining how they are functionally integrated in different cellular processes. It starts by laying out the basic molecular hardware, before describing in detail how these components are assembled in cells and linked to neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix to maintain tissue architecture. It then surveys the roles of the cytoskeleton in processes such as intracellular transport, cell motility, signal transduction, and cell division. The book is thus essential reading for students learning about intracellular structure. It also represents a vital reference for all cell and developmental biologists working in this field.
