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Author: Kim Chong Chong
Publisher: Open Court Publishing
ISBN: 9780812695359
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
Chinese, Australian, North American, and British philosophers probe some conscious and unconscious assumptions in Chinese and western ethics, and question some of the common ways the two traditions are distinguished. Most of the papers are from a May 2000 workshop in Singapore. Annotation 2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Author: Kim Chong Chong
Publisher: Open Court Publishing
ISBN: 9780812695359
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
Chinese, Australian, North American, and British philosophers probe some conscious and unconscious assumptions in Chinese and western ethics, and question some of the common ways the two traditions are distinguished. Most of the papers are from a May 2000 workshop in Singapore. Annotation 2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).
Author: Peter Singer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 190
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Book Description
Author: T. J. Kasperbauer
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190695811
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 249
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Book Description
How do we think about animals? How do we decide what they deserve and how we ought to treat them? Subhuman takes an interdisciplinary approach to these questions, drawing from research in philosophy, neuroscience, psychology, law, history, sociology, economics, and anthropology. Subhuman argues that our attitudes to nonhuman animals, both positive and negative, largely arise from our need to compare ourselves to them.
Author: Eliana Hadjiandreou
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Across contexts, people consistently underestimate others' prosociality. In this dissertation work, I attempt to theoretically link these findings to a broader underestimation: the moral landscapes of other people are imagined as more constricted compared to that of the self. In two pilot studies (Studies 1a & 1b) using the Moral Expansiveness Scale (MES; Crimston et al., 2016), we found that participants reported their moral circles to be more expansive compared to those they predicted for others. This was true for entities that are typically distant in the moral circle (that is: outgroup, stigmatized, animals of high sentience, animals of low sentience, plants, environment), but not entities that are typically placed proximal to the center (that is: family & friends, ingroup, revered). We aimed to assess whether this is because of lack of access to information about these distant categories from the perspective of general others. In order to do this, three studies (Studies 2, 3, and 4) asked participants to fill out the Moral Expansiveness Scale from three perspectives -- self, close others, average others. We predicted that participants' moral circles will be comparably inclusive to the moral circles they reported for their close others due to having informational access to their moral worlds, but that average others will be reported as being less inclusive than the self and close others due to greater reliance on stereotypes about distant categories, that reflect cynical bias. Because we expected that the comparable scores between self and close other are not only due to feeling more similar to close others and liking them more than average others, we expected to see the same results even when participants were encouraged to reflect on being dissimilar from their close others (Study 2), and when participants were encouraged to think of reasons they dislike their close others (Study 3). Finally, in Study 4, we expected that assigning participants to an anti-cynicism condition which exposes them to information highlighting human prosociality will eliminate this discrepancy, which we expected to persist in the pro-cynicism and control conditions. Results showed that the moral inclusivity discrepancy for distant entities persisted but was smaller in the case of close others, and that similarity and liking partially accounted for the overlap between self and close other scores. Study 4 showed unique reductions in the perceived moral expansiveness of average others for distant entities in the cynicism condition, although statistical results were mixed. Implications for the potential cynicism explanation and future directions are discussed.
Author: Ranjan Kumar Panda
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788195055937
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 292
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Book Description
Many contemporary philosophers, such as Akeel Bilgrami, Crispin Wright, Christine Korsgaard, and Mrinal Miri, have explicitly discussed the relevance of self-knowledge in relation to the discourse of normativity. This book addresses the notion of self-knowledge as relevant in the formation of moral identity.
Author: Richard Eldridge
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 9780226203164
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
In this remarkable blend of sophisticated philosophical analysis and close reading of literary texts, Richard Eldridge presents a convincing argument that literature is the most important and richest source of insights in favor of a historicized Kantian moral philosophy. He effectively demonstrates that only through the interpretation of narratives can we test our capacities as persons for acknowledging the moral laws as a formula of value and for acting according to it. Eldridge presents an extensive new interpretation of Kantian ethics that is deeply informed by Kant's aesthetics. He defends a revised version of Kantian universalism and a Kantian conception of the content of morality. Eldridge then turns to literature armed not with any a priori theory but with an interpretive stance inspired by Hegel's phenomenology of self-understanding, more or less naturalized, and by Wittgenstein's work on self-understanding as ongoing narrative-interpretive activity, a stance that yields Kantian results about the universal demands our nature places on itself. Eldridge goes on to present readings of novels by Conrad and Austen and poetry by Wordsworth and Coleridge. In each text protagonists are seen to be struggling with moral conflicts and for self-understanding as moral persons. The route toward partial resolution of their conflicts is seen to involve multiple and ongoing activities of reading and interpreting. The result of this kind of interpretation is that such literature—literature that portrays protagonists as themselves readers and interpreters of human capacities for morality—is a primary source for the development of morally significant self-understanding. We see in the careers of these protagonists that there can be genuine and fruitful moral deliberation and valuable action, while also seeing how situated and partial any understanding and achievement of value must remain. On Moral Personhood at once delineates the moral nature of persons; shows various conditions of the ongoing, contextualized, partial acknowledgment of that nature and of the exercise of the capacities that define it; and enacts an important way of reading literature in relation to moral problems. Eldridge's work will be important reading for moral philosophers (especially those concerned with Kant, Hegel, and issues dividing moral particularists from moral universalists), literary theorists (especially those concerned with the value of literature and its relation to philosophy and to moral problems), and readers and critics of Conrad, Wordsworth, Coleridge, and Austen.
Author: Stephen Darwall
Publisher: Harvard University Press
ISBN: 0674034627
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 363
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Book Description
Why should we avoid doing moral wrong? The inability of philosophy to answer this question in a compelling manner—along with the moral skepticism and ethical confusion that ensue—result, Stephen Darwall argues, from our failure to appreciate the essentially interpersonal character of moral obligation. After showing how attempts to vindicate morality have tended to change the subject—falling back on non-moral values or practical, first-person considerations—Darwall elaborates the interpersonal nature of moral obligations: their inherent link to our responsibilities to one another as members of the moral community. As Darwall defines it, the concept of moral obligation has an irreducibly second-person aspect; it presupposes our authority to make claims and demands on one another. And so too do many other central notions, including those of rights, the dignity of and respect for persons, and the very concept of person itself. The result is nothing less than a fundamental reorientation of moral theory that enables it at last to account for morality’s supreme authority—an account that Darwall carries from the realm of theory to the practical world of second-person attitudes, emotions, and actions.
Author: S. Hitlin
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 0230614949
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
This book highlights the oft neglected moral aspect of "the self," examining the variety of neurological, psychological, and social processes that enter into the development and maintenance of moral orientations.
Author: Sam Harris
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
ISBN: 143917122X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 322
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Book Description
Sam Harris dismantles the most common justification for religious faith--that a moral system cannot be based on science.
Author: Joshua May
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192539604
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 281
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Book Description
The burgeoning science of ethics has produced a trend toward pessimism. Ordinary moral thought and action, we're told, are profoundly influenced by arbitrary factors and ultimately driven by unreasoned feelings. This book counters the current orthodoxy on its own terms by carefully engaging with the empirical literature. The resulting view, optimistic rationalism, shows the pervasive role played by reason our moral minds, and ultimately defuses sweeping debunking arguments in ethics. The science does suggest that moral knowledge and virtue don't come easily. However, despite the heavy influence of automatic and unconscious processes that have been shaped by evolutionary pressures, we needn't reject ordinary moral psychology as fundamentally flawed or in need of serious repair. Reason can be corrupted in ethics just as in other domains, but a special pessimism about morality in particular is unwarranted. Moral judgment and motivation are fundamentally rational enterprises not beholden to the passions.
