The Microstructure of Marine Sediments PDF Download
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Author: Arthur Darrell Stump
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sedimentation analysis
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
The surface areas and pore size distributions of a series of terrigenous marine sediments were measured by gas adsorption. The sediment samples were taken from the continental terrace off the coast of Oregon near Newport. Sampling stations ranged up to 35 miles off shore between 44°20' and 45° north latitude. Surface areas were calculated from linear B.E.T. plots made from nitrogen and water vapor adsorption isotherms. Pore size distributions were calculated from the nitrogen desorption isotherms using the method developed by Pierce. The Frenkel-Halsey-Hill equation was used to calculate the number of statistical layers in the correction value for multilayer adsorption. Low angle x-ray diffraction was used to identify the clay mineral content of the region. Surface areas, porosity, and x-ray diffractograms were correlated with average grain size, percent ferromagnetic material, depth and distance from shore. A simple rapid method for determining surface areas of terrigenous marine sediment was developed. The pore size distribution calculations were programmed for a computer.
Author: Arthur Darrell Stump
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Sedimentation analysis
Languages : en
Pages : 228
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Book Description
The surface areas and pore size distributions of a series of terrigenous marine sediments were measured by gas adsorption. The sediment samples were taken from the continental terrace off the coast of Oregon near Newport. Sampling stations ranged up to 35 miles off shore between 44°20' and 45° north latitude. Surface areas were calculated from linear B.E.T. plots made from nitrogen and water vapor adsorption isotherms. Pore size distributions were calculated from the nitrogen desorption isotherms using the method developed by Pierce. The Frenkel-Halsey-Hill equation was used to calculate the number of statistical layers in the correction value for multilayer adsorption. Low angle x-ray diffraction was used to identify the clay mineral content of the region. Surface areas, porosity, and x-ray diffractograms were correlated with average grain size, percent ferromagnetic material, depth and distance from shore. A simple rapid method for determining surface areas of terrigenous marine sediment was developed. The pore size distribution calculations were programmed for a computer.
Author: Richard Harold Bennett
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9780387973395
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 614
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Book Description
Knowledge of basic clay microstructure is fundamental to an understanding of the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of fine-grained sediments and rocks. This compilation of fifty-nine peer-reviewed papers examines clay microstructure in detail with comprehensive sections focusing on microstructure signatures, environmental processes, modeling, measurement techniques, and future research recommendations. Many of these topics are discussed in light of geological and engineering applications, such as hazardous waste disposal, construction techniques, and drilling programs. The field of clay microstructure is developing rapidly. The concepts, observations, and principles presented in this book will help stimulate new thought and be a "spring board" for exciting new research.
Author: John C. Stennis Space Center
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 14
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Book Description
This study was undertaken to investigate the implication of geoacoustic behaviors in the shallow marine sediments associated with the changes in geotechnical index properties. Two piston cores (270cm and 400cm in core length) used in this study were recovered from stations 1 and 2, the western continental margin, the East Sea. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to illustrate the effects of microstructure on shear properties. The direct SEM observation of sediment fabrics is inevitable to understand the correlation of the changes in geoacoustic properties to the sediment structure. The consolidation of sediments by overburden stress resulting in the clay fabric alteration appears to play an important role in changing shear properties. Water contents and porosity of sediments gradually decreases with increasing depth, whereas wet bulk density shows a reverse trend. It is interesting to note that shear wave velocities increase rapidly from 8 to 20 m/s while compressional wave velocities significantly fluctuate, ranging from 1450 to 1550 m/s with depth. The fabric changes in sediment with increasing depth for example, uniform grain size and well oriented clay fabrics may cause the shear strength increase from 1 to 12 kPa. Shear wave velocity is, therefore, shown to be very sensitive to the changes in undrained strength for unconsolidated marine sediments. This correlation allows an in-situ estimation of shear stress in the subsurface from shear wave velocity data.
Author: W.A. Chiou
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461244285
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 570
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Book Description
Knowledge of basic clay microstructure is fundamental to an understanding of the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of fine-grained sediments and rocks. This compilation of fifty-nine peer-reviewed papers examines clay microstructure in detail with comprehensive sections focusing on microstructure signatures, environmental processes, modeling, measurement techniques, and future research recommendations. Many of these topics are discussed in light of geological and engineering applications, such as hazardous waste disposal, construction techniques, and drilling programs. The field of clay microstructure is developing rapidly. The concepts, observations, and principles presented in this book will help stimulate new thought and be a "spring board" for exciting new research.
Author: R.H. Bennett
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Anton Inderbitzen
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468427547
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 496
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Book Description
As part of its continuing program to stimulate superior basic research in the marine environment, the Office of Naval Research, Ocean Science and Technology Division, sponsored a series of closed seminar-workshops in 1972-1973. Each seminar focused upon one re search area of marine geology which is relatively new and in need of a critical evaluation and accelerated support. The subjects areas chosen for the seminars were: 1. natural gases in marine sediments and their mode of distribution, 2. nephelometry and the optical properties of ocean waters, 3. physical and engineering properties of deep-sea sediments, and 4. physics of sound in marine sediments. The objectives of each seminar-workshop were to bring into sharper focus the state-of-the-science within each subject area, to effect some degree of coordination among the investigators working within each of these areas and to provide the Ocean Science and Technology Division guidance for national program support. This volume.contains most of the papers presented at the semi nar on the physical and engineering properties of deep-sea sediments. The seminar was held at Airlie House, Airlie, Virginia on April 24- 27, 1973 and was organized and chaired by A. Inderbitzen. The at tendees were invited from among the leading investigators in this field from both the engineering and scientific disciplines. Each attendee was requested to prepare a paper within his area of spe ciality.
Author: NAVAL OCEAN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
The theme of this workshop is the fundamental roles of microfabric and physico-chemistry as determinants of marine sediment properties: the significance of microstructure to diagenetic, mass physical, static, dynamic, and geoacoustic properties, and to micro-scale sedimentary features and the importance of these to applied problems. Its purpose is to provide an interdisciplinary forum for critical discussion of the microstructure of clay-rich sediments and rocks in order to accelerate future research studies in new directions. Topics include: Basic clay microstructures -- signatures, Sedimentary sources and source materials, Ancient and recent sedimentary environments, The sedimentary column, and The rock column, and Environmental processes: A continuum (Atmospheric aerosols/fluvial particulates, Coastal and open marine suspensates, Sediment-water interface dynamics, and Post-depositional processes -- Geological/geochemical, Geotechnical, and Biological); Applied clay microstructure -- Modeling (past, present and new directions (Physico-chemistry, Microfabric, Porometry, Isotropy/anisotropy, Mass physical/mechanical properties, and Rheology); Measurements/techniques/sampling strategy (SEM/TEM, Organic-clay interactions, Computers -- Hardware/software, Field methods, and laboratory methods); and Applications -- Present requirements (Waste disposal -- Containment/packing materials, Clay behavior, Petroleum recovery -- Primary/secondary, Migration, Stability of deposits, and Geophysical techniques). (edc).
Author:
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
ISBN: 087590274X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 391
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Book Description
Marine sediments support complex interactions between macro-and microorganisms that have global implications for carbon and nutrient cycles. What is the state of the science on such interactions from coastal and estuarine environments to the deep sea? How does such knowledge effect environmental management? And what does future research hold in store for scientists, engineers, resource managers, and educators?Interactions between Macro- and Microorganisms in Marine Sediments responds to these questions, and more, by focusing on:? Interactions between plants, microorganisms, and marine sediment? Interactions between animals, microorganisms, and marine sediment? Interactions between macro- and microorganisms and the structuring of benthic communities? Impact of macrobenthic activity on microbially-mediated geochemical cycles in sediments? Conceptual and numeric models of diagenesis that incorporate interactions between macro- and microorganismsHere is an authoritative overview of the research, experimentation and modeling approaches now in use in our rapidly evolving understanding of life in marine sediments.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 572
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Book Description
This book is a comprehensive cross section of recent research and present concepts of basic and applied studies on the clay microstructure of fine grained sediments and argillaceous rocks. The book is a compilation of peer- reviewed technical papers, most of which were presented at an international symposium-workshop entitled 'The Clay Microstructure of Fine-Grained Terrigenous Marine Sediments: From Muds to Shale, ' convened at NORDA in 1988. The theme of the symposium focused on: (1) the fundamental role of microstructure (microfabric and physiochemistry) as a determinant of fine-grained sediment properties; (2) the significance of microstructure to diagenetic, mass physical and mechanical, static, dynamic, and geoacoustic properties, and to microscale sedimentary features; and (3) the relationship and importance of these factors to basic research and applied problems. The book is organized into three major sections basic clay microstructure, applied clay microstructure, and future research directions and recommendations. The contents of these major comprehensive sections focus on the following topics: microstructure signatures, environmental processes, modeling measurements and techniques, and applications. Applications not only includes geology, sedimentology, and the oil and gas industry, but also waste disposal, groundwater contamination, preservation, biology, chemistry, ceramics, agriculture, and at least another dozen other fields.
