The Mechanism of the Mediator Coactivator Complex in Transcription PDF Download
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Author: Kristina Marie Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Author: Kristina Marie Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128140860
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 320
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Book Description
Growing evidence suggests that epigenetic mechanisms play a central role in stem cell biology and are vital for determining gene expression during cellular differentiation and governing mammalian development. In Stem Cell Epigenetics, leading international researchers examine how chromatin regulation and bona fide epigenetic mechanisms underlie stem cell renewal and differentiation. Authors also explore how the diversity of cell types, including the extent revealed by single cell omic approaches, is achieved, and how such processes may be reversed or managed via epigenetic reprogramming. Topics discussed include chromatin in pluripotency, stem cells and DNA methylation, histone modifications in stem cells and differentiation, higher-order chromatin conformation in pluripotent cells, stem cells and cancer, epigenetics and disease modeling, brain organoids from pluripotent cells, transcriptional regulation in stem cells and differentiation, non-coding RNAs in pluripotency and early differentiation, and diseases caused by epigenetic alterations in stem cells. Additionally, the book discusses the potential implementation of stem cell epigenetics in drug discovery, regenerative medicine, and disease treatment. Stem Cell Epigenetics will provide researchers and physicians with a state-of-the-art map to orient across the frontiers of this fast-evolving field. Analyzes the role of epigenetics in embryonic stem cell regulation Indicates the epigenetic mechanisms involved in stem cell differentiation and highlights modifications and misregulations that may result in disease pathogenesis Examines the potential applications of stem cell epigenetics in therapeutic disease interventions and regenerative medicine, providing a foundation for researchers and physicians to bring this exciting and fast-evolving field into a clinical setting Features chapter contributions by leading international experts
Author: Moustafa Mohammed Fathy Saleh
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Genetic regulation
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Transcriptional regulation is essential for normal development and cellular homeostasis. All regulatory signals eventually converge on the core transcriptional machinery, which is composed of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and general transcription factors. Coactivator complexes, which relay regulatory signals from various transcription factors to the core transcriptional machinery, are key nodes in the transcriptional regulatory networks of all eukaryotic cells. One notable coactivator is the evolutionarily conserved Mediator complex, which supports the assembly of the core transcriptional machinery on promoters. From a functional perspective, Mediator can be divided into two functional modules: the core Mediator (cMed), which interacts with the core transcriptional machinery at promoters; and the tail, which interacts with the transcription factors at enhancers. Interestingly, cMed subunits are required for normal RNAPII transcription of the majority of genes, while tail subunits are essential for RNAPII transcription of inducible genes. How Mediator functional modules differentially regulate different gene classes and maintain the balance in expression between them is not completely understood.In this work, I used a conditional depletion approach combined with newly synthesized mRNA profiling in budding yeast to assess the direct effects of cMed/tail separation on RNAPII transcription. My data suggests that severing cMed and tail by acute depletion of Med16 reduces RNAPII transcription of inducible genes and slightly increases the expression of housekeeping genes. Depletion of the ATPase Mot1 involved in removing TBP from inducible gene promoters, not only rescued the downregulation of inducible genes, but also reduced the upregulation of housekeeping genes suggesting that these changes are linked and are related to the dynamics of TBP. These findings reveal a novel role for cMed and tail connection in maintaining transcriptional balance in budding yeast. Future directions of this project include exploring the roles of other Mediator modules and coactivators in maintaining transcriptional balance, and the evolutionarily conservation of the role of Mediator in maintaining transcriptional balance in metazoans.
Author: Anita Göndör
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128034025
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 498
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Book Description
Chromatin Regulation and Dynamics integrates knowledge on the dynamic regulation of primary chromatin fiber with the 3D nuclear architecture, then connects related processes to circadian regulation of cellular metabolic states, representing a paradigm of adaptation to environmental changes. The final chapters discuss the many ways chromatin dynamics can synergize to fundamentally contribute to the development of complex diseases. Chromatin dynamics, which is strategically positioned at the gene-environment interface, is at the core of disease development. As such, Chromatin Regulation and Dynamics, part of the Translational Epigenetics series, facilitates the flow of information between research areas such as chromatin regulation, developmental biology, and epidemiology by focusing on recent findings of the fast-moving field of chromatin regulation. Presents and discusses novel principles of chromatin regulation and dynamics with a cross-disciplinary perspective Promotes crosstalk between basic sciences and their applications in medicine Provides a framework for future studies on complex diseases by integrating various aspects of chromatin biology with cellular metabolic states, with an emphasis on the dynamic nature of chromatin and stochastic principles Integrates knowledge on the dynamic regulation of primary chromatin fiber with 3D nuclear architecture, then connects related processes to circadian regulation of cellular metabolic states, representing a paradigm of adaptation to environmental changes
Author: Jiayang Li
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128115637
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 618
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Book Description
Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis and Mechanisms of Action is based on research funded by the Chinese government's National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). This book brings a fresh understanding of hormone biology, particularly molecular mechanisms driving plant hormone actions. With growing understanding of hormone biology comes new outlooks on how mankind values and utilizes the built-in potential of plants for improvement of crops in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. This book is a comprehensive description of all major plant hormones: how they are synthesized and catabolized; how they are perceived by plant cells; how they trigger signal transduction; how they regulate gene expression; how they regulate plant growth, development and defense responses; and how we measure plant hormones. This is an exciting time for researchers interested in plant hormones. Plants rely on a diverse set of small molecule hormones to regulate every aspect of their biological processes including development, growth, and adaptation. Since the discovery of the first plant hormone auxin, hormones have always been the frontiers of plant biology. Although the physiological functions of most plant hormones have been studied for decades, the last 15 to 20 years have seen a dramatic progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hormone actions. The publication of the whole genome sequences of the model systems of Arabidopsis and rice, together with the advent of multidisciplinary approaches has opened the door to successful experimentation on plant hormone actions. - Offers a comprehensive description of all major plant hormones including the recently discovered strigolactones and several peptide hormones - Contains a chapter describing how plant hormones regulate stem cells - Offers a fresh understanding of hormone biology, particularly molecular mechanisms driving plant hormone actions - Discusses the built-in potential of plants for improvement of crops in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner
Author: Albert J. Courey
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1444300458
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Mechanisms in Transcriptional Regulation provides a concisediscussion of the fundamental concepts in transcription and itsregulation. Covers RNA polymerases, transcriptional machinery, mechanismsof transcriptional activation, the histone code hypothesis, theepigenetic control of transcription, and combinatorial control insignaling and development Features over 80 figures available to download online Chapters include comprehensive reading lists, boxeshighlighting theoretical concepts and experimental methods andproblems designed to build and test understanding
Author: Shaun D. McCullough
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128124342
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 430
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Book Description
Toxicoepigenetics: Core Principles and Applications examines the core aspects of epigenetics, including chromatin biology, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNA, as well as fundamental techniques and considerations for studying each of these mechanisms of epigenetic regulation. Although its integration into the field of toxicology is in its infancy, epigenetics have taken center stage in the study of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration. Increasing the presence of epigenetics in toxicological research allows for a more in-depth understanding of important aspects of toxicology such as the role of the environment and lifestyle influencing the individual susceptibility to these effects and the trans-generational transmission of these health effects and susceptibilities. Methods chapters are included to help improve efficacy and efficiency of protocols in both the laboratory and the classroom. Toxicoepigenetics: Core Principles and Applications is an essential book for researchers and academics using epigenetics in toxicology research and study. - Introduces the fundamental principles and practices for understanding the role of the epigenome in toxicology - Presents the foundation of epigenetics for toxicologists with a broad range of backgrounds - Discusses the incorporation of epigenetics and epigenomics into current toxicological studies and interpretation of epigenetic data in toxicological applications
Author: Narendra Tuteja
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527694587
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 456
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Book Description
Understanding abiotic stress responses in plants is critical for the development of new varieties of crops, which are better adapted to harsh climate conditions. The new book by the well-known editor team Narendra Tuteja and Sarvajeet Gill provides a comprehensive overview on the molecular basis of plant responses to external stress like drought or heavy metals, to aid in the engineering of stress resistant crops. After a general introduction into the topic, the following sections deal with specific signaling pathways mediating plant stress response. The last part covers translational plant physiology, describing several examples of the development of more stress-resistant crop varieties.
Author: J. Robin Harris
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030281515
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 657
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Book Description
This book follows on from Volume 83 in the SCBI series (“Macromolecular Protein Complexes”), and addresses several important topics (such as the Proteasome, Anaphase Promoting Complex, Ribosome and Apoptosome) that were not previously included, together with a number of additional exciting topics in this rapidly expanding field of study. Although the first SCBI Protein Complex book focused on soluble protein complexes, the second (Vol. 87)addressed Membrane Complexes, and the third (Vol. 88) put the spotlight on Viral Protein and Nucleoprotein Complexes, a number of membrane, virus and even fibrillar protein complexes have been be considered for inclusion in the present book. A further book is also under preparation that follows the same pattern, in an attempt to provide a thorough coverage of the subject. Chapter 9 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Author: Weiwei Chen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 296
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