The Influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation on North Atlantic - European Winter Climate Through the Troposphere and Stratosphere PDF Download
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Author: Bernat Jiménez Esteve
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Michael J. McPhaden
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119548128
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 528
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Book Description
Comprehensive and up-to-date information on Earth’s most dominant year-to-year climate variation The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean has major worldwide social and economic consequences through its global scale effects on atmospheric and oceanic circulation, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, and other natural systems. Ongoing climate change is projected to significantly alter ENSO's dynamics and impacts. El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate presents the latest theories, models, and observations, and explores the challenges of forecasting ENSO as the climate continues to change. Volume highlights include: Historical background on ENSO and its societal consequences Review of key El Niño (ENSO warm phase) and La Niña (ENSO cold phase) characteristics Mathematical description of the underlying physical processes that generate ENSO variations Conceptual framework for understanding ENSO changes on decadal and longer time scales, including the response to greenhouse gas forcing ENSO impacts on extreme ocean, weather, and climate events, including tropical cyclones, and how ENSO affects fisheries and the global carbon cycle Advances in modeling, paleo-reconstructions, and operational climate forecasting Future projections of ENSO and its impacts Factors influencing ENSO events, such as inter-basin climate interactions and volcanic eruptions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the editors.
Author: Bernat Jiménez Esteve
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Author: Henry F. Diaz
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521621380
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 518
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Book Description
The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon is a recurrent feature of the climate in tropical regions. In this volume leading experts summarize information gained over the past decade concerning diverse aspects of ENSO, which have led to marked improvements in our ability to forecast its development months or seasons in advance. This volume compares ENSO's modern morphology and variability with its recent historic and prehistoric behaviour. It expands and updates Diaz and Markgraf's earlier volume El Niño: Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation (1992, Cambridge University Press). The volume will be of importance to a broad range of scientists in meteorology, oceanography, hydrology, geosciences, ecology, public health, emergency management response and mitigation, and decision-making. It will also be used as a supplementary textbook and reference source in graduate courses in environmental studies.
Author: Allan J. Clarke
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080560830
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
Many scientists either working on the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) problem or its many applications have not been trained in both the equatorial ocean and atmospheric dynamics necessary to understand it. This book seeks to overcome this difficulty by providing a step by step introduction to ENSO, helping the upper level graduate student or research scientist to learn quickly the ENSO basics and be up to date with the latest ENSO research. The text assumes that the reader has a knowledge of the equations of fluid mechanics on a rotating earth and emphasizes the observations and simple physical explanations of them. Following a history of ENSO and a discussion of ENSO observations in Chapters 1 and 2, Chapters 3-5 consider relevant equatorial ocean dynamics, Chapters 6 and 9 relevant atmospheric dynamics, and Chapters 7 and 8 the main paradigms for how the Pacific Ocean and atmosphere couple together to produce ENSO. Chapter 8 also discusses the old mystery of why ENSO tends to be locked in phase with the seasonal cycle. Successful dynamical and statistical approaches to ENSO prediction are discussed in Chapters 10 and 11 while Chapter 12 concludes the book with examples of how ENSO influences marine and bird life. Quick reference guide and step by step introduction to El Niño/Southern Oscillation dynamics Keep informed and up to date on El Niño/Southern Oscillation research and how El Niño and the Southern Oscillation can be predicted Understand how El Niño can affect marine and bird life
Author: Edward S. Sarachik
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1139487019
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 385
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Book Description
Many climatic extremes around the globe, such as severe droughts and floods, can be attributed to the periodic warming of the equatorial Pacific sea surface, termed the El Niño or Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Advances in our understanding of ENSO, in which Edward S. Sarachik and Mark A. Cane have been key participants, have led to marked improvements in our ability to predict its development months or seasons, allowing adaptation to global impacts. This book introduces basic concepts and builds to more detailed theoretical treatments. Chapters on the structure and dynamics of the tropical ocean and atmosphere place ENSO in a broader observational and theoretical context. Chapters on ENSO prediction, past and future, and impacts, introduce broader implications of the phenomenon. This book provides an introduction to all aspects of this most important mode of global climate variability, for research workers and students of all levels in climate science, oceanography and related fields.
Author: Nathan Eckstein
Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN: 9783844316445
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 68
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Book Description
Previous correlations have been established between the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and both the tropical north Atlantic sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) and precipitation anomalies in the southeastern and mid-Atlantic states. Both bivariate and partial correlations are used over a five and six-month lag to assess the relevance the tropical Atlantic SSTs have in eastern United States precipitation patterns. Significant correlations between Pacific SSTs and precipitation were found during winter months which agree with previous literature. The relationship with the Atlantic SSTs was less robust, as some significant values were established over three seasons, excluding winter. Only the spring season showed a partial explanation of the Atlantic SST's role in the precipitation's response to Pacific SSTs. These relationships did not occur during the times when significant correlations were made between Pacific SSTs and precipitation.
Author: Henry F. Diaz
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521430425
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 510
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Book Description
This 1993 book enhances our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the low frequency behavior of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon.
Author: Kristin Marie Raisanen
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781124908113
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a well known coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon which occurs on a cyclical basis in the Pacific Ocean. In order to further understand the extent of the ENSO signal propagation into the upper troposphere and stratosphere, the anomalies from the monthly mean caused by El Niño and La Niña were determined and examined. Four El Niño and three La Niña events were chosen using the Niño 3.4 index. Data from the seven events were obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40). Both zonal means (Latitude vs. Pressure) and meridional cross sections (Longitude vs. Pressure) of the temperature, ozone and wind components were analyzed. The anomalies were analyzed for the event maximum, which was used as the base month (lag month 0), and several months following the event maximum at one month intervals. To determine the anomaly from the monthly mean for the variables, the long-term monthly average was removed from the event month or lagging month, leaving only the signal of the anomaly related to ENSO. The El Niño and La Niña anomalies were then averaged and the averaged La Niña anomalies were subtracted from the averaged El Niño anomalies, leaving the ENSO related anomalies. A t-test was used to determine statistical significance to the 90% and 95% confidence level. The results show that ENSO has a statistically significant impact on the wind, temperature and ozone in the troposphere and stratosphere during the maximum event month and for many months following the ENSO event maximum. The zonal mean temperature and the zonal mean zonal winds show some similarities around 30° in both hemispheres during months 3 and 4. Both the zonal mean temperature and the zonal mean zonal wind are positive, and are both significant at the 90% level though the zonal mean temperature anomalies increase in strength through the months while the zonal mean zonal wind anomalies weaken. These differences suggest a dependence of the zonal mean zonal wind anomalies to changes in the zonal mean temperature anomalies, though there is a possible delay between the two signals. The zonal mean omega anomalies show consistent areas of upward anomalies at the equator and downward anomalies just outside of the equatorial region, showing a possible northward shift of the Hadley cell. The zonal mean meridional wind and omega anomalies suggest some weak strengthening of the northern branch of the Hadley cell in the upper troposphere though any strengthening would be weak. Though the anomalies are not statistically significant, this conclusion is in agreement with several past studies. Anomalies in the zonal mean omega field and the zonal mean meridional winds also suggest that ENSO may initially strengthen the Polar cell during months 0 and 1 and then weaken it during month 2. Negative zonal mean omega anomalies and southward zonal mean meridional anomalies are seen north of 60°N in the upper troposphere during months 0 and 1 suggesting a weakened polar cell. These anomalies reverse during month 2 suggesting a strengthened polar cell, though none of these anomalies are statistically significant. Many hypotheses for the consistencies between the temperature and ozone anomalies are discussed, including ozone layer compression and decompression, radiative reactions and vertical and horizontal advection. It was found that these hypotheses are all weak and are not consistent throughout the analysis.
Author: Cynthia Rosenzweig
Publisher: OUP USA
ISBN: 0195137639
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 282
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Book Description
Rosenzweig provides coverage of the interactions between the major climate oscillations, climate change, and agriculture. He describes climate system processes, effects of the major oscillations on natural and agro-systems, the development of seasonal climate predictions, and the relation of climate variability to society and development.
Author: Stanley A. Changnon
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198030967
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
This book will cover the time span from the first indications of El Nino (May 1997) until its reversal (June 1998). The focus will be largely on the United States, where El Nino produced widespread changes in how the public perceives weather and in the accuracy of forecasts Among the key issues it will examine are how the news media interpreted and dramatixed El Nino and the reaction both of the public and decision-makers (the latter based on interviews with agribusiness, utilities, water management agencies, etc.); the scientific issues emerging from the event; and the social and economic consequences of the event. Finally, it will suggest what can and should be done when El Nino occurs in the future.
