The Grammar of Interactives PDF Download
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Author: Bernd Heine
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192871498
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 481
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Book Description
This book explores a domain of discourse processing referred to as 'interactive grammar', based on an analysis of grammatical descriptions of over 100 languages spoken across the world. While much previous work has treated interactive grammar as a fairly marginal part of language, Bernd Heine describes it here as a distinct category that contrasts with sentence grammar both in its functions and its structural behavior. He identifies ten types of interactives - i.e. extra-clausal expressions of linguistic discourse: attention signals, directives, discourse markers, evaluatives, ideophones, interjections, response elicitors, response signals, social formulae, and vocatives. The analysis reveals that speakers make use of two contrasting modes for structuring their discourses, both of which are needed for successful communication: one is sentence grammar, which has a propositional format and analytic organization; the other is interactive grammar, which has a holophrastic organization and a focus on social communication. While the argument structure of sentence grammar is shaped by the propositional format of sentences, that of interactive grammar is shaped by the indexical nature of the situation of discourse. This distinction shows interesting correlations both with findings from neurolinguistic studies on differential activity in the two hemispheres of the human brain, and with observations from social psychology on the differences between systems of reasoning and judgment.
Author: Bernd Heine
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192871498
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 481
Get Book
Book Description
This book explores a domain of discourse processing referred to as 'interactive grammar', based on an analysis of grammatical descriptions of over 100 languages spoken across the world. While much previous work has treated interactive grammar as a fairly marginal part of language, Bernd Heine describes it here as a distinct category that contrasts with sentence grammar both in its functions and its structural behavior. He identifies ten types of interactives - i.e. extra-clausal expressions of linguistic discourse: attention signals, directives, discourse markers, evaluatives, ideophones, interjections, response elicitors, response signals, social formulae, and vocatives. The analysis reveals that speakers make use of two contrasting modes for structuring their discourses, both of which are needed for successful communication: one is sentence grammar, which has a propositional format and analytic organization; the other is interactive grammar, which has a holophrastic organization and a focus on social communication. While the argument structure of sentence grammar is shaped by the propositional format of sentences, that of interactive grammar is shaped by the indexical nature of the situation of discourse. This distinction shows interesting correlations both with findings from neurolinguistic studies on differential activity in the two hemispheres of the human brain, and with observations from social psychology on the differences between systems of reasoning and judgment.
Author: Barbara Robinson
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521657525
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Focus builds an overall framework for understanding the organization of the English language and helps students recognize the inseparable relationship between form, meaning, and use. The Workbook is designed primarily to supplement the Student's Book, but can be used as a useful source of information and practice on its own. The exercises are intended for individual work outside of class or for use as part of class discussions and activities. Each chapter, which corresponds to a chapter in the textbook, includes focused exercises that allow students to concentrate on one particular structure, integrative exercises where structures from previous sections or chapters are “spiraled” in with new structures, practice with prepositions, and editing exercises.
Author: Irene McKay
Publisher: Heinle & Heinle Publishers
ISBN: 9780838439265
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Book Description
Beginning Interactive Grammar is intended for adults and older teenagers in the beginning stages of language learning. It has been written for both students and teachers to use in a classroom setting. Grammatical explanations as well as communicative activities and more traditional exercises are included. The materials aim to foster a supportive, nonthreatening atmosphere in which learners will feel comfortable enough to engage freely in conversations with one another and with the teacher. The overall goal is to maximize the opportunities for communication by providing the learners with both the means and the motivation for practice.
Author: Barbara Robinson
Publisher: St Martins Press
ISBN: 9780312092290
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 371
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Book Description
Focus builds an overall framework for understanding the organization of the English language and helps students recognize the inseparable relationship between form, meaning, and use. The Student's Book provides clear explanations and multiple examples of various grammar structures. It features a variety of written and oral activities, ranging from structured practice to free discussion. It also offers expanded explanations of grammar points, more examples, and additional oral and written exercises.
Author: Allan Kent Dart
Publisher: Allyn & Bacon
ISBN: 9780136344605
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
M->CREATED
Author: Mario Rinvolucri
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521277730
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 148
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Book Description
This book contains material for a wide variety of games.
Author: James Kealey
Publisher: Pro Lingua Learning
ISBN: 9780866471008
Category : Foreign Language Study
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
"The purpose of this book is to provide a collection of communicative activities that encourage students to interact with one another while practicing key grammar points in English. Recognizing the roles that challenge and confidence-building play in successful language learning, we have designed two types of activities. The first provides students with the grammatical forms, while the second requires students to produce them. Both types include cooperative task-solving and opinion-sharing activities. All are student-driven and require minimal teacher input, permitting the instructor to assume the role of observer and facilitator after introducing the activity."--preface.
Author: McKay, Hilary
Publisher: Heinle & Heinle Publishers
ISBN: 9780838458655
Category : English language
Languages : en
Pages : 78
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Book Description
An interactive approach helps students personalize language learning through meaningful grammar practice. -- A learner-centered and cooperative approach permits the teacher to act as facilitator and co-communicator in the language learning process. -- Clear and concise grammar explanations help students understand and use English. -- Interactive activities progress from the development of grammatical accuracy to spontaneous use of the language. -- High frequency vocabulary and idiomatic expressions are introduced and consistently recycled.
Author: Jack Umstatter
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0130425923
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
This practical resource gives language arts and English teachers a unique collection of over 200 creative, fun-filled, and ready-to-use activities that make teaching and learning grammar more enjoyable for you and your students. All have been tested with students in grades 4 and up and are effective as individual group, or whole-class activities. You'll find the 203 ready-to-use activities give students the tools they need to use grammar more effectively in their writing and make the writing process more enjoyable.
Author: Robin Clark
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262549182
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 373
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Book Description
An engaging introduction to the use of game theory to study lingistic meaning. In Meaningful Games, Robin Clark explains in an accessible manner the usefulness of game theory in thinking about a wide range of issues in linguistics. Clark argues that we use grammar strategically to signal our intended meanings: our choices as speaker are conditioned by what choices the hearer will make interpreting what we say. Game theory—according to which the outcome of a decision depends on the choices of others—provides a formal system that allows us to develop theories about the kind of decision making that is crucial to understanding linguistic behavior. Clark argues the only way to understand meaning is to grapple with its social nature—that it is the social that gives content to our mental lives. Game theory gives us a framework for working out these ideas. The resulting theory of use will allow us to account for many aspects of linguistic meaning, and the grammar itself can be simplified. The results are nevertheless precise and subject to empirical testing. Meaningful Games offers an engaging and accessible introduction to game theory and the study of linguistic meaning. No knowledge of mathematics beyond simple algebra is required; formal definitions appear in special boxes outside the main text. The book includes an extended argument in favor of the social basis of meaning; a brief introduction to game theory, with a focus on coordination games and cooperation; discussions of common knowledge and games of partial information; models of games for pronouns and politeness; and the development of a system of social coordination of reference.
