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Author: Alison Wray
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9027243336
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 222
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Book Description
This book explores the nature of the control of language processing by the hemispheres of the neocortex. The author expounds a novel hypothesis, The Focusing Hypothesis, which holds that language processing in the brain is achieved through analytic and holistic systems, the former through left and the latter through right hemisphere processing. This hypothesis differs from current thinking in so far as it proposes that the involvement of the two systems (and two hemispheres) depends on the strategy selected by the speaker and that the engagement by one hemisphere over another will depend upon the communicative intent of the speaker and the propositionality of the utterance under production.Throughout the book there are useful and important discussions on such topics as the value of laboratory-based psycholinguistic experiments given their tendency to encourage a metalinguistic strategy on the part of subjects, the nature of propositionality in language and brain and the difficulties of testing this hypothesis given the research approaches currently available.The Focusing Hypothesis is tested by comprehensive review of the existing experimental psycholinguistic, neuropsychological and neurophysiological literature, and a range of predictions which follow from the hypothesis are detailed.
Author: Alison Wray
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN: 9027243336
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 222
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book explores the nature of the control of language processing by the hemispheres of the neocortex. The author expounds a novel hypothesis, The Focusing Hypothesis, which holds that language processing in the brain is achieved through analytic and holistic systems, the former through left and the latter through right hemisphere processing. This hypothesis differs from current thinking in so far as it proposes that the involvement of the two systems (and two hemispheres) depends on the strategy selected by the speaker and that the engagement by one hemisphere over another will depend upon the communicative intent of the speaker and the propositionality of the utterance under production.Throughout the book there are useful and important discussions on such topics as the value of laboratory-based psycholinguistic experiments given their tendency to encourage a metalinguistic strategy on the part of subjects, the nature of propositionality in language and brain and the difficulties of testing this hypothesis given the research approaches currently available.The Focusing Hypothesis is tested by comprehensive review of the existing experimental psycholinguistic, neuropsychological and neurophysiological literature, and a range of predictions which follow from the hypothesis are detailed.
Author: Thomas Reinartz
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3540483160
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 317
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Book Description
In the first part, this book analyzes the knowledge discovery process in order to understand the relations between knowledge discovery steps and focusing. The part devoted to the development of focusing solutions opens with an analysis of the state of the art, then introduces the relevant techniques, and finally culminates in implementing a unified approach as a generic sampling algorithm, which is then integrated into a commercial data mining system. The last part evaluates specific focusing solutions in various application domains. The book provides various appendicies enhancing easy accessibility. The book presents a comprehensive introduction to focusing in the context of data mining and knowledge discovery. It is written for researchers and advanced students, as well as for professionals applying data mining and knowledge discovery techniques in practice.
Author: Kazuhisa Takemura
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811654530
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 389
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Book Description
This book is the second edition of Behavioral Decision Theory, published in 2014. The main approach and structure of this book have been retained in the new edition. However, this second edition provides a fresh overview of the idea of behavioral decision theory and related research findings such as theoretical and empirical discoveries of preference formation, time discounting, social interaction, and social decision making. The book covers a wide range from classical to relatively recent major studies concerning behavioral decision theory, which, in brief, is a general term for descriptive theories to explain the psychological knowledge related to people’s decision-making behavior. It is called a theory but is actually a combination of various psychological theories, for which no axiomatic systems—such as those associated with the utility theory widely used in economics—have been established. The utility theory is often limited to qualitative knowledge; however, as the studies of Nobel laureates H. A. Simon, D. Kahneman, and R. Thaler have suggested, the psychological methodology and knowledge of behavioral decision theory have been applied widely in such fields as economics, business administration, and engineering and are expected to become even more useful in the future. Research into people’s decision making represents an important part in those fields, various aspects of which overlap with the scope of behavioral decision theory. This theory is closely related to behavioral economics and behavioral finance, which have come into greater use in recent years. This book will appeal especially to graduate students, advanced undergraduate students, and researchers who are interested in decision-making phenomena.
Author: Kazuhisa Takemura
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128160330
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 544
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Book Description
Escaping from Bad Decisions presents a modern conceptual and mathematical framework of the decision-making process. By interpreting ordinal utility theory as normative analysis examined in view of rationality, it shows how decision-making under certainty, risk, and uncertainty can be better understood. It provides a critical examination of psychological models in multi-attribute decision-making, and evaluates the constitutive elements of "good" and "bad" decisions. Multi-attribute decision-making is analysed descriptively, based on the psychological model of decision-making and computer simulations of decision strategies. Finally, prescriptive examinations of multi-attribute decision-making are performed, supporting the argument that decision-making from a pluralistic perspective creates results that can help "escape" from bad decisions. This book will be of particular interest to graduate students and early career researchers in economics, decision-theory, behavioral economics, experimental economics, psychology, cognitive sciences, and decision neurosciences. - Provides a comprehensive background to the phenomena of bad decisions, considered in their economic, psychological and cognitive aspects - Reinterprets existing theories and phenomena and proposes a new overview of decision behaviors by integrating mathematical and psychological perspectives - Adapts model-based techniques, such as mathematical model based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using mathematical models of the decision process
Author: Aleš Leonardis
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540338322
Category : Computer vision
Languages : en
Pages : 655
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Book Description
Author: Susanne Winkler
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
ISBN: 3110815214
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 493
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Book Description
The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon.
Author: Julia Horvath
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 311084916X
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
The architecture of the human language faculty has been one of the main foci of the linguistic research of the last half century. This branch of linguistics, broadly known as Generative Grammar, is concerned with the formulation of explanatory formal accounts of linguistic phenomena with the ulterior goal of gaining insight into the properties of the 'language organ'. The series comprises high quality monographs and collected volumes that address such issues. The topics in this series range from phonology to semantics, from syntax to information structure, from mathematical linguistics to studies of the lexicon.
Author: Chungmin Lee
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1402047967
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 295
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Book Description
During the 2001 Linguistic Summer Institute at University of California, Santa Barbara, a group of linguists gathered at a workshop to discuss the expression and role of topicalization and focus from a variety of perspectives: phonetic, phonological, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic. The workshop was designed to lay the groundwork for collaborative efforts between linguists devoted to the study of meaning and linguists engaged in the quantitative study of intonation. This volume contains papers emerging from the Santa Barbara Workshop on Topic and Focus. A wide variety of methodologies and research interests related to topic and focus are represented in the papers. Some works present results of phonetic studies, either acoustic or perceptual, on the expression of topic and/or focus; others examine semantic or pragmatic features of topic and/or focus, while others are concerned with the interface between intonation and meaning. Data from several different languages are represented in the papers, including several languages with relatively little documentation particularly in the venue of topic and focus, e. g. Basque, Chickasaw, Indonesian, Polish, Taiwanese. The broad sample of languages coupled with the wide variety of research topics addressed by the papers promise to enrich our typological understanding of topic and focus phenomena and provide an impetus for further research. The following paragraphs offer brief summaries of the papers contained in this volume: Gorka Elordieta’s paper describes prosodic conditions governing focus in a dialect of Basque with pitch accents.
Author: J. Cuena
Publisher: IOS Press
ISBN: 9780967335582
Category : Artificial intelligence
Languages : en
Pages : 266
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Book Description
The use of Knowledge Engineering and Agent Technology (KEAT) for application development is now recognized as an alternative to conventional software techniques in many application domains. From the background of the IFIP IT&KNOWS conference held in late 1998, this volume aims to discuss the role and the perspectives of domain models and corresponding reasoning processes in the different application fields under a common perspective to create conceptual bases and methods to develop and to improve the use of this type of approach in the context of information technology.
Author: Michael Bloor
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 9780761957430
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 130
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Book Description
Focus Groups in Social Research addresses the key issues and practical requirements of the social researcher using focus groups.
