The Effects of Taxation on Income Inequality in Sub-Saharan Africa PDF Download
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Author: Idrissa Mohamed Ouedraogo
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789292672621
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This paper investigates the effects of taxation on income inequality in an unbalanced panel of 45 countries in sub-Saharan Africa over the period 1980-2018. We use instrumentalvariable two-stage least squares and instrumental-variable quantile regression estimates. We find that taxation widens income inequality. We also show that the increasing effects of taxation on income inequality are higher in the most unequal countries than in the least unequal countries. Furthermore, we highlight an inverse U-shaped relationship between indirect taxes and income inequality. Governments in sub-Saharan Africa should increase indirect taxes to at least 28.36 per cent of gross domestic product in order to reap the dividends in terms of reducing inequality.
Author: Idrissa Mohamed Ouedraogo
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789292672621
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This paper investigates the effects of taxation on income inequality in an unbalanced panel of 45 countries in sub-Saharan Africa over the period 1980-2018. We use instrumentalvariable two-stage least squares and instrumental-variable quantile regression estimates. We find that taxation widens income inequality. We also show that the increasing effects of taxation on income inequality are higher in the most unequal countries than in the least unequal countries. Furthermore, we highlight an inverse U-shaped relationship between indirect taxes and income inequality. Governments in sub-Saharan Africa should increase indirect taxes to at least 28.36 per cent of gross domestic product in order to reap the dividends in terms of reducing inequality.
Author: Matthew O. Odedokun
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Africa
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
Author: Zmarak Shalizi
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821311653
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Trade is an essential driver for sustained economic growth, and growth is necessary for poverty reduction. In Sub-Saharan Africa, where three-fourths of the poor live in rural areas, spurring growth and generating income and employment opportunities is critical for poverty reduction strategies. Seventy percent of the population lives in rural areas, where livelihoods are largely dependent on the production and export of raw agricultural commodities such as coffee, cocoa, and cotton, whose prices in real terms have been steadily declining over the past decades. The deterioration in the terms of trade resulted for Africa in a steady contraction of its share in global trade over the past 50 years. Diversification of agriculture into higher-value, non-traditional exports is seen today as a priority for most of these countries. Some African countries-in particular, Kenya, South Africa, Uganda, CÔte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Zimbabwe-have managed to diversify their agricultural sector into non-traditional, high-value-added products such as cut flowers and plants, fresh and processed fruits and vegetables. To learn from these experiences and better assist other African countries in designing and implementing effective agricultural growth and diversification strategies, the World Bank has launched a comprehensive set of studies under the broad theme of "Agricultural Trade Facilitation and Non-Traditional Agricultural Export Development in Sub-Saharan Africa." This study provides an in-depth analysis of the current structure and dynamics of the European import market for flowers and fresh horticulture products. It aims to help client countries, industry stakeholders, and development partners to get a better understanding of these markets, and to assess the prospects and opportunities they offer for Sub-Saharan African exporters.
Author: Ayodele F. Odusola
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789211264241
Category : Africa, Sub-Saharan
Languages : en
Pages : 43
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Book Description
Author: Mr.Dhaneshwar Ghura
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1451855680
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 26
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Book Description
An analysis of data for 39 sub-Saharan African countries during 1985–96 indicates that the variations in tax revenue-GDP ratios within this group are influenced by economic policies and the level of corruption. Namely, these ratios rise with declining inflation, implementation of structural reforms, rising human capital (a proxy for the provision of public services by the government), and declining corruption. The paper confirms that the tax revenue ratio rises with income, and that elements of a country’s tax base (such as the share of agriculture in GDP and the degree of openness) influence tax revenue.
Author: Michael Masiya
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 15
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Book Description
The study investigated the impact of taxation on poverty and inequality in 14 Sub-Saharan African countries in a strongly balanced panel spanning from 1990 to 2010 using data from World Bank, IMF, IBFD, and Government Revenue Database (GRD). The study employed the Bayesian Model Averaging, Simple Panel Models and the GMM models to ascertain the impact of taxation on inequality and poverty. The results revealed that the more progressive a tax system is, the less the inequality and that a higher tax effort reduces poverty. Another interesting result was that while rising tax proportion of GDP reduces poverty, it is bound to worsen inequality. Policy implications arising from the study include: gradual expansion of the tax base, limiting the use of differentiated rates, utilization of withholding and presumptive taxes, transparency and simplicity of the tax system. Additionally, SSA governments are urged to adopt multi-bracketed tax systems to curb inequality.
Author: Mohammed Amidu
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031581245
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 492
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Book Description
Author: Mr.Günther Taube
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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Book Description
This paper analyses presumptive taxation methods and their application in Sub-Saharan Africa. Presumptive taxation involves simple techniques to capture domestic transactions and sources of income that frequently escapes conventional taxation.
Author: Mr.Carlos A. Aguirre
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
This study indentifies some of the taxation problems most frequently encountered by Fund member countries in sub-Saharan Africa and seeks solutions that may be useful to either the region as a whole or to groups of countries in the region.
Author: Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
ISBN: 1513547437
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 39
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Book Description
This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.
