The Effects of Neutron Irradiation on Reactor Fuel Composition and Reactivity PDF Download
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Author: G. Safonov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Topics include: the transmutation chains of nuclear fuel (approximate chains for reactor work, concentrations of chain nuclei as a function of irradiation); effects of irradiation on reactor reactivity (the concept of a 'design' reactor and 'design' operating conditions, the 'reactiveness' of fuel, examples of 'off-design' reactor operation); remarks on feed costs for U235, U238 burners.
Author: G. Safonov
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Topics include: the transmutation chains of nuclear fuel (approximate chains for reactor work, concentrations of chain nuclei as a function of irradiation); effects of irradiation on reactor reactivity (the concept of a 'design' reactor and 'design' operating conditions, the 'reactiveness' of fuel, examples of 'off-design' reactor operation); remarks on feed costs for U235, U238 burners.
Author: J. A. L. Robertson
Publisher: New York : Gordon and Breach
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 328
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Book Description
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 620
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Book Description
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 232
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Book Description
Author: Melvin L. Bleiberg
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alloys
Languages : en
Pages : 940
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Book Description
Author: T. T. Claudson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ductility
Languages : en
Pages : 28
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Book Description
Nuclear research and power reactors are now being designed which must operate at temperatures and coolant environments dictating the use of nickel-base and refractory metal alloys for structural components, fuel cladding, and power equipment. Investigation of the effects of irradiation and environment upon the mechanical properties of several nickel-base and refractory metal alloys has been initiated at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory. Tension specimens of Inconel 600, Inconel 625, Inconel 702, Inconel 718, Incoloy 800, Hastelloy C, Hastelloy N, Hastelloy X-280, and Hastelloy R-235 have been irradiated to exposures exceeding 1 x 1021 nvt (E > 1 Mev) in 50 C water, 280 C water, and 740 C gaseous environments. These specimens have been tested in the pre- and postirradiated conditions at room temperature, 300 C, and 650 C. Several metallurgical conditions of the materials have also been examined and the changes in mechanical properties due to the irradiation have been noted. The Cb-1 Zr, Cb-752, TZM Mo, and W-25 Re refractory metals have been irradiated at ambient temperatures, and the effects of irradiation upon the mechanical properties have been evaluated at room temperature and 1090 C. The data obtained for both the nickel-base and refractory metal alloys tested indicate that there is a marked effect upon the mechanical properties due to the thermal environment. In addition to this effect, effects due to the irradiation were also found. Comparison of the elevated temperature data to the room temperature data shows a marked decrease in both strength and ductility. Metallographic examination of these materials is continuing in an attempt to find the cause of these damages.
Author: Steven Wildy
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781522037712
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 277
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Book Description
An history on the development of Nuclear Power, types of reactors, fission theory and a detailed look at how nuclear accidents happened. This book covers; NUCLEAR POWER EARLY DEVELOPMENT details the contributions of noteworthy scientist: THE ATOM details the forces with the Atom: RADIOACTIVITY describes the types of radiation: how it is measured and different sources: NUCLEAR REACTIONS describes Fusion and Fission, how to increase rate of fission by moderation and enrichment. Describes enrichment techniques: HOW RADIATION EFECTS THE HUMAN BODY describes how cancer occurs by effects on chromosomes discuses natural sources of radiation Relative Biological Effectiveness, Radiation Hormesis, Neoplasm: TYPES OF NUCLEAR REACTORS; Describes different types of Thermal Reactors, and Fast Reactors including Pressure Water Reactors, Gas Cooled Reactors and advance variant, Water Cooled Water Moderated Power Reactor (WWER), Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors, Boiling Water Reactors and advanced variant, Pebble Bed Reactors, Aquesous Homogeneous Reactors, Fast Breeder Reactors, Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactors, Sodium Cooled Reactors, Lead Cooled Reactors. Development Stage Reactors these include Integral Fast Reactors (IFR), High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor, Small Sealed Transportable Autonumous Reactor, Clean and Environmentally Safe Advanced Reactor. Design Stage Reactors, Reduced Moderation Water Reactor, Hydrogen Moderated Self Regulating Nuclear Power Module, Subcritical Reactors, Energy Amplifier, Thorium-based Reactors, Advanced Heavy Water Reactor, Kalpakkarn Mini.DESIGN FACTORS FOR AGR AND PWR discusses fuel, coolant, moderators control rods, chemical compatability, fuel clad.EFFECTS OF REACTIVITY discusses measurement of irradiation, isotopic changes in the fuel, change in Fuel from Uranium to Plutonium and its conversion ratio, refuelling options. Reactor poisons Xenon, Samarium Cadmium, Europium, Gaddolinium, Krypton and Technetium and their significance. TEMPERATURE EFFECTS considers fuel and moderator coefficients. REACTOR CONTROL Describes the various types of control rods i.e grey, coarse, safety and the requirement of superariculated rods in case of distotion. Back up control methods include the use of Nitrogen. Reactivity faults are desribed the protection methods and measurement. GETTING THE RIGHT NEUTRON TO MODERATOR BALANCE including the required level of enrichment. EFFECTS OF REACTOR COMPOSITION ON REACTIVITY : HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS REACTOR affects of size and shape on neutron leakage, flux distribution in various shaped reactors, Jo Berssel Envelope: RADIAL FLUX, CHANNEL POWER AND REACTION POWER Channel power variations, alterating reactivity by enrichment, neutron absorbtion, differential irradiation, nuetron reflection. NEUTRON KINETICS Delta K, International reactivity units, Neutron Multiplication, Effective neutron multiplication factor, Delayed neutron lifetime, Codd & Wells Table. OPERATIONAL VALUES OF DELTA K Explin terms defining excess reactivity resulting doubling times then prompt criticality, defines operational limits on Delta K: REACTIVITY BALANCES, Built in reactivity, Reactivity Build Up, Xenon, Control Rods: ALL NUCLEAR SITES WORLD WIDE a list of peacefull nuclear power site that are operational, under construction or shutdown: NUCLEAR FUEL TRANSPORTATION AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE Spent fuel and fission by-products, Diffinition of Low, Intermediate, and High levels of waste, waste storage, Details of storage facilities world wide, nuclear reprocessing plants world wide, vitrification, plutomium oxide, storage flasks A, B and C, transportation of radioactive substances, bespoke sea transportation, transport flask tests, UK NUCLEAR SAFETY RECORD Windscale Fire: NUCLEAR CATASTROPHIES Three mile island meltdown containment, Why chernoble's reactor went prompt critical , Chernobyl Investigatin Conclusions, Fukushima triple meltdown, Acheiving optimum nuclear safety, WANO:
Author: Lendell E. Steele
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 252
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Book Description
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 120
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Book Description
Provides a critical review of the thorium fuel cycle: potential benefits and challenges in the thorium fuel cycle, mainly based on the latest developments at the front end of the fuel cycle, applying thorium fuel cycle options, and at the back end of the thorium fuel cycle.
Author: Dan Gabriel Cacuci
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 0387981306
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 3701
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Book Description
This is an authoritative compilation of information regarding methods and data used in all phases of nuclear engineering. Addressing nuclear engineers and scientists at all levels, this book provides a condensed reference on nuclear engineering since 1958.
