The Effects of Both Physical Activity and Age on Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow PDF Download
Are you looking for read ebook online? Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Download The Effects of Both Physical Activity and Age on Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow PDF full book. Access full book title The Effects of Both Physical Activity and Age on Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow by Jennifer Grace Poole. Download full books in PDF and EPUB format.
Author: Jennifer Grace Poole
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Jennifer Grace Poole
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 168
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Ronald J. Korthuis
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN: 1615041834
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 147
Get Book Here
Book Description
The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References
Author: Michitoshi Inoue
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 4431683674
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 330
Get Book Here
Book Description
Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 157
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Gustavo Duque
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128204206
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 350
Get Book Here
Book Description
Falls, fractures, frailty, osteoporosis and sarcopenia are highly prevalent in older persons. While the concept of osteosarcopenia is new, it is a rapidly evolving and cross-disciplinary problem. Prevention and treatment are challenging and a combined therapeutic approach is needed. Osteosarcopenia provides evidence-based information on how to prevent and treat these conditions at multiple settings, including multiple illustrations, care pathways and tips to easily understand the pathophysiology, diagnostic methods and therapeutic approach to these conditions. This work evaluates the potential for a link between osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity. - Presents diagnostic and therapeutic tips that facilitate the design and implementation of new care pathways, impacting the wellbeing of our older population - Provides cross-disciplinary understanding by experts from the bone/osteoporosis field and the muscle/sarcopenia field - Covers muscle and bone biology, mesenchymal stem cells, age-related changes and cross-talk between muscle, fat and bone, falls and fracture risk, glucose metabolism, diagnosis, imaging, and genetics of osteosarcopenia
Author: Albert W. Taylor
Publisher: Human Kinetics
ISBN: 9780736058384
Category : Aging
Languages : en
Pages : 312
Get Book Here
Book Description
Taylor and Johnson blend the science of exercise physiology with the ageing process and identify the positive effects that regular exercise and physical activity have, not only on longevity, but also on delaying specific diseases.
Author: Yoonjung Park
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
Aging is associated with increases in regional and systemic vascular resistance and impaired ability to increase blood flow to active muscles during exercise. Aging enhances vasoconstrictor responsiveness in both humans and animals, and an increase in Angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction is one possible mechanism for old age-associated increase in muscle vascular resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine 1) whether aging alters Ang II-induced vasoconstriction, 2) whether exercise training attenuates the age-associated alteration in Ang II-mediated vasoconstriction, and 3) the mechanism(s) through which aging and exercise training alter Ang II-induced vasoconstriction in rat skeletal muscle arterioles. Male Fischer 344 rats were assigned to 4 groups: Young sedentary (YS; 4 months), old sedentary (OS; 24 months), young trained (YT) and old trained (OT). Exercise-trained groups performed treadmill exercises for 60 min/day at 15 m/min, on a 15° incline for 5 days/week for 10-12 weeks. First-order (1A) arterioles were isolated from soleus and gastrocnemius muscles for in vitro experimentation. Intraluminal diameter changes were determined in response to the cumulative addition of Ang II (3x10-11-11 - 3x10-5 M). Ang II dose responses were then determined following the removal of endothelium and treatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 10-5 M), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Ang II-induced vasoconstriction was augmented in the aged skeletal muscle arterioles, both in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, and age-associated increases in Ang II-induced vasoconstriction were abolished with the removal of endothelium and with L-NAME. Exercise training ameliorated the age-induced increase in Ang II-vasoconstriction, and this alteration was eliminated by the removal of endothelium and with NOS inhibition. These findings suggest that aging enhances Ang II-induced vasoconstrictor responses in the arterioles from both soleus, high oxidative, and white portion of gastrocnemius, low oxidative glycolytic muscles, and this age-associated change occurs through an endothelium-dependent NOS signaling pathway. These results also demonstrated that exercise training can ameliorate the age-associated increase in Ang II vasoconstriction in the arterioles from both high oxidative and low oxidative glycolytic muscles through an endothelium-mediated NOS mechanism.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 99
Get Book Here
Book Description
Author: Wolfgang Schaper
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 140208126X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 371
Get Book Here
Book Description
Emphasizes the research activities of Germany’s Nauheim Institute of the Max Planck Society and its group of investigators both past and present, in the field of collateral artery growth. Incorporates a multidisciplinary in vivo approach to the study of arteriogenesis that includes molecular approaches with classical physiology and immunohistochemistry. Full color throughout and well illustrated.
Author: F. Lanfranco
Publisher: Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN: 3318058696
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 182
Get Book Here
Book Description
This book is an up-to-date, extensive overview of the effects of physical activity and training on endocrine function. It gives insights into a complex relationship by describing effects with respect to exercise performance, growth, development, and ageing. It includes discussions of the endocrine response depending on exercise mode, intensity, and duration as well as on gender, age, and fitness level. Additionally the book deals with the impact of environmental and psychological factors on endocrine level. A substantial part of Sports Endocrinology is devoted to the 'hot topic' of hormonal doping in sports. The properties of androgens, growth hormone, erythropoietin, and dietary supplements are highlighted. The use and abuse among professional and recreational athletes is discussed and specific methods of detection are presented and explained. All contributors are well-known experts in sports medicine and endocrinology, endocrine physiology, pharmacology, and doping detection, so this book is a must-read for every professional involved in the field.
