The Effects of an Aquatic Aerobic Exercise Program on State and Trait Anxiety in an Elderly Population PDF Download
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Author: John R. Lewis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Anxiety in old age
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Author: John R. Lewis
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Anxiety in old age
Languages : en
Pages : 82
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Author: Howard Irving Kamen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Much recent research has focused on reducing anxiety through the use of aerobic exercise. Very few of the studies were scientifically well controlled. Therefore the objective of this research was to study the effect of participation in a ten week aerobic exercise program upon anxiety in a well controlled manner. It was hypothesized that one of the benefits of such participation would be a decrease in anxiety level as well as an increase in fitness level. the study involved the assignment of twenty adult subjects to each of two groups. One group entered a ten week aerobic exercise program, while the other group did not. Both groups were pre and post tested on anxiety and fitness levels. It was found that anxiety level decreased significantly for those who completed the aerobic exercise program. No significant decrease in anxiety occurred in the control group. However, the exercise group did not increase significantly in fitness level as was anticipated. Therefore one cannot conclude that the reduction in anxiety level was the result of improved fitness levels of those in the aerobic exercise group. Similarly it was found that the level of depression decreased significantly in the exercise group as compared to the non-exercise group, but there was no significant improvement in fitness level.
Author: Erin B. Buckley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aquatic exercises
Languages : en
Pages : 180
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Abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an aquatic exercise program on balance among community-dwelling older adults. SUBJECTS: Twenty-one subjects over the age of 65 who were residents of the Loomis Village Retirement Communities in South Hadley, Massachusetts. Exclusion criteria included: medical conditions that affect physical activity, had physical therapy, were seeing a chiropractor, or currently had any other kinds of therapy such as acupuncture, massage, or occupational therapy. Inclusion criteria for subject selection required that each subject be 65 years or older, an independent ambulator with or without an assistive device, independent in all activities of daily living, and able to respond to verbal cues. All subjects signed informed consent forms and received written medical clearance from their primary care physicians. METHODS: Study was a mixed factor model with the treatment condition as a between-subject factor, and test session as a within-subject factor. Twelve subjects volunteered to participate in the aquatic gr6up (age M=8l.58years, SD 4.58). Nine subjects volunteered to participate in the control group (age M=82.44 years, SD 4.93). All participants were pre-tested using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), and Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE). Aquatic group subjects participated in a 6-week program of aquatic exercise. Members of the control group were instructed not to change their daily routine. All participants were then re-tested using the TUG, FRT, and SAFE at week 7. ANALYSES: SPSS 12.0 was used to analyze data. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were obtained to provide a profile of the sample characteristics. Data were analyzed with independent and paired t-tests. Change scores were calculated relative to baseline measures. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the group sat pre-test in all dependent variables (p>.01). There was also no significant difference in the change of any of the dependent variables between the groups at post-test (p>.01). The TUG and FRT scores had a moderate negative correlation at both pre-test and posttest. Results of a post-hoc power analysis yielded a power of .8%. CONCLUSIONAND RELEVANCE: Results did not support those obtained by previous researchers, who found that aquatic exercise had a positive effect on balance. The limited power of the study suggests that a significant difference may have existed between the groups at post-test, but was not detectable with the sample size of this study. Limitations of the study included: limited sample size, nonrandomized groups, lack of reliability of SAFE scores, participant confusion during SAFE administration, highly active exercise group, and short study period. Despite the lack of a statistically significant difference between groups, an improvement in both TUG and FRT scores was observed in the aquatic exercise group. Suggestions for future studies include: larger sample size with randomized groups; longer time period of exercise intervention; outcome measures appropriate to population; and research needed to develop more appropriate fear of falling assessment tools.
Author: Theresa A. Manger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Author: Samuel II. Perri
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerobic exercises
Languages : en
Pages : 80
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Author: Tina A. Mattila
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Anxiety is a prevalent issue on college campuses, and is associated with impaired cognition. Finding an affordable behavioral therapy that could enhance cognitive performance in the academic setting would be valuable. Acute exercise has been associated with both reduced anxiety and improved cognition. Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of 30 minutes of aerobic exercise on state anxiety (SA), cognition, and academic performance in college-aged individuals. Participants: Thirty college students, with high- (n=9) or low-trait (n=21) anxiety, were solicited for this experiment. Fourteen were females and sixteen were males. Methods: Participation required three lab visits, lasting 1-2 hours each. Demographic questionnaires and baseline assessments of cognitive function, academic achievement, trait anxiety, and fitness were performed during visit one. The latter two visits were counterbalanced between experimental and control conditions. The control condition involved sitting quietly for 34 minutes on a treadmill, while the experimental condition involved 34 minutes of aerobic treadmill exercise, 20% below Ventilatory Threshold. Measures of state anxiety, academic achievement, and inhibition were assessed at multiple time points afterward. Results: Reductions in SA were seen in high-trait anxious individuals for both conditions. High-trait anxious individuals had decreased SA immediately post-condition, increased SA during the cognitive tests, and decreased SA at the end of the session. As hypothesized, SA of the high-trait anxious group decreased significantly more from baseline to immediately post-exercise than it did for the low-trait anxious group (as the low-trait group had a very slight increase). Low-trait anxious individuals had less profound fluctuations in SA over time than high-trait anxious individuals. Overall, accuracy was fairly high for all tasks except for the N2-back task. RT was slower for tasks that were more difficult (i.e., incongruent and nontarget trials). Findings revealed generally greater accuracy, faster RT, and greater response variability for high-trait anxious individuals than low-trait anxious individuals on all tasks. However, these responses varied greatly depending on the condition and time of assessment. Exercise did seem to show a trend towards facilitating cognitive performance, but failed to reach significance on many accounts. However, this trend was not seen for N1-back and N2-back RT, because these were slower post-exercise for both groups. Thus, results are very inconclusive. Math SAT scores were higher after exercise than rest, for both groups. A similar trend was seen for Reading SAT scores.
Author: Samuel Perri (II.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 6
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 962
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Author: Daren Callahan
Publisher: McFarland
ISBN: 1476607028
Category : Sports & Recreation
Languages : en
Pages : 365
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Millions of people practice some form of yoga, but they often do so without a clear understanding of its history, traditions, and purposes. This comprehensive bibliography, designed to assist researchers, practitioners, and general readers in navigating the extensive yoga literature, lists and comments upon English-language yoga texts published since 1981. It includes entries for more than 2,400 scholarly as well as popular works, manuals, original Sanskrit source text translations, conference proceedings, doctoral dissertations, and master's theses. Entries are arranged alphabetically by author for easy access, while thorough author, title, and subject indexes will help readers find books of interest.
Author: Mary Patricia Marshall
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aerobic exercises
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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