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Author: Cole D. Fitzpatrick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile drivers
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
Roadside vegetation provides numerous environmental and psychological benefits to drivers. Previous studies have shown that natural landscapes can effectively lower crash rates and cause less stress and frustration to the driver. However, run-off-the-road crashes resulting in a collision with a tree are twice as likely to result in a fatality, thus reinforcing the need to examine the placement of vegetation within the clear zone. This study explores the relationship between the size of the clear zone and the presence of roadside vegetation on selected driver attributes, including both driver speed and lateral positioning. To evaluate the effect on the driver speed selection process, a static evaluation was employed. Completed by more than 100 drivers, the static evaluation was utilized to gather speed selections on both real and virtual roads containing four combinations of clear zone size and roadside vegetation density. Additionally, field data was collected to validate the findings of the static evaluation and to determine the extent to which roadside vegetation impacts driving attributes. When presented with a large clear zone, drivers positioned the vehicle further from the edge of the road as the vegetation density increased. Furthermore, the speeds observed in the field correlated with the speeds that participants selected when watching a video of the same road. Finally, the UMassSafe Traffic Safety Data Warehouse was utilized to link crash and roadway data, allowing for an in-depth analysis of run-off-the-road (ROR) crash severity. The results of this study further demonstrate the nature of the relationship between clear zone design and driver behavior.
Author: Cole D. Fitzpatrick
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Automobile drivers
Languages : en
Pages : 58
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Book Description
Roadside vegetation provides numerous environmental and psychological benefits to drivers. Previous studies have shown that natural landscapes can effectively lower crash rates and cause less stress and frustration to the driver. However, run-off-the-road crashes resulting in a collision with a tree are twice as likely to result in a fatality, thus reinforcing the need to examine the placement of vegetation within the clear zone. This study explores the relationship between the size of the clear zone and the presence of roadside vegetation on selected driver attributes, including both driver speed and lateral positioning. To evaluate the effect on the driver speed selection process, a static evaluation was employed. Completed by more than 100 drivers, the static evaluation was utilized to gather speed selections on both real and virtual roads containing four combinations of clear zone size and roadside vegetation density. Additionally, field data was collected to validate the findings of the static evaluation and to determine the extent to which roadside vegetation impacts driving attributes. When presented with a large clear zone, drivers positioned the vehicle further from the edge of the road as the vegetation density increased. Furthermore, the speeds observed in the field correlated with the speeds that participants selected when watching a video of the same road. Finally, the UMassSafe Traffic Safety Data Warehouse was utilized to link crash and roadway data, allowing for an in-depth analysis of run-off-the-road (ROR) crash severity. The results of this study further demonstrate the nature of the relationship between clear zone design and driver behavior.
Author: Tom V. Mathew
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9813290420
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 905
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Book Description
This book presents selected papers from the 4th Conference of the Transportation Research Group of India. It provides a comprehensive analysis of themes spanning the field of transportation encompassing economics, financial management, social equity, green technologies, operations research, big data analysis, econometrics and structural mechanics. This volume will be of interest to researchers, educators, practitioners, managers, and policy-makers world-wide.
Author: King K. Mak
Publisher: Transportation Research Board
ISBN: 030915507X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 79
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Book Description
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 665: Identification of Vehicular Impact Conditions Associated with Serious Ran-off-Road Crashes quantifies the characteristics of ran-off-road crashes and identifies appropriate impact conditions for use in full-scale crash testing.
Author: Jinsun Lee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Roads
Languages : en
Pages : 152
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Book Description
Author: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Task Force for Roadside Safety
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Roads
Languages : en
Pages : 560
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Book Description
Author: Rajesh Paleti Ravi Venkata Durga
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
In this study, we capture the moderating effect of aggressive driving behavior while assessing the influence of a comprehensive set of variables on injury severity. In doing so, we are able to account for the indirect effects of variables on injury severity through their influence on aggressive driving behavior, as well as the direct effect of variables on injury severity. The methodology used in this study to accommodate the moderating effect of aggressive driving behavior takes the form of two models -- one for aggressive driving and another for injury severity. These are appropriately linked to obtain the indirect and direct effects of variables. The data for estimation is obtained from the National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Study (NMVCCS). From an empirical standpoint, we consider a fine age categorization until 20 years of age when examining age effects on aggressive driving behavior and injury severity. There are several important results from the empirical analysis. Young drivers (especially novice drivers between 16-17 years of age), drivers who are not wearing seat belt, under the influence of alcohol, not having a valid license, and driving a pickup are found to be most likely to behave aggressively. Situational, vehicle, and roadway factors such as young drivers traveling with young passengers, young drivers driving an SUV or a pick-up truck, driving during the morning rush hour, and driving on roads with high speed limits are also found to trigger aggressive driving behavior. In terms of vehicle occupants, the safest situation from a driver injury standpoint is when there are 2 or more passengers in the vehicle, at least one of whom is above the age of 20 years. These and many other results are discussed, along with implications of the result for graduated driving licensing (GDL) programs.
Author: Paul Keedwell
Publisher: Quarto Publishing Group USA
ISBN: 1781317127
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
An examination of the secret psychology of the city and how it affects our daily happiness. More and more of us are choosing to live in the man-made environment of the city. The mismatch between this artificial world and our nature-starved souls can contribute to the stresses of city living in a way that is barely noticed—but is crucially important. What does the science of architectural psychology tell us about how the world of brick and concrete affects how we think, feel and behave? In an increasingly crowded urban world, how does good urban design inspire, restore and bring us together? Conversely, how does bad architecture cause anxiety, alienation and depression? Starting with the home and reaching out to the street, neighbourhood and wider city landscape, Headspace teaches us how to see our cities differently, and how we can best adapt to our rapidly changing urban world. Praise for Headspace “Full of interesting nuggets. Presents the results of scores of scientific studies into the physical environment and does so in a pleasant, discursive way.” —Will Wiles, RIBA Journal “A properly glorious book. Amazing.” —Monocle Radio “Links what we build with what we do. It’s an important question—an architectural holy grail, in a way.” —Evening Standard
Author: Amir Alavi
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0429786638
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
The development of smart cities is one of the most important challenges over the next few decades. Governments and companies are leveraging billions of dollars in public and private funds for smart cities. Next generation smart cities are heavily dependent on distributed smart sensing systems and devices to monitor the urban infrastructure. The smart sensor networks serve as autonomous intelligent nodes to measure a variety of physical or environmental parameters. They should react in time, establish automated control, and collect information for intelligent decision-making. In this context, one of the major tasks is to develop advanced frameworks for the interpretation of the huge amount of information provided by the emerging testing and monitoring systems. Data Analytics for Smart Cities brings together some of the most exciting new developments in the area of integrating advanced data analytics systems into smart cities along with complementary technological paradigms such as cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT). The book serves as a reference for researchers and engineers in domains of advanced computation, optimization, and data mining for smart civil infrastructure condition assessment, dynamic visualization, intelligent transportation systems (ITS), cyber-physical systems, and smart construction technologies. The chapters are presented in a hands-on manner to facilitate researchers in tackling applications. Arguably, data analytics technologies play a key role in tackling the challenge of creating smart cities. Data analytics applications involve collecting, integrating, and preparing time- and space-dependent data produced by sensors, complex engineered systems, and physical assets, followed by developing and testing analytical models to verify the accuracy of results. This book covers this multidisciplinary field and examines multiple paradigms such as machine learning, pattern recognition, statistics, intelligent databases, knowledge acquisition, data visualization, high performance computing, and expert systems. The book explores new territory by discussing the cutting-edge concept of Big Data analytics for interpreting massive amounts of data in smart city applications.
Author: Sreetheran Maruthaveeran
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 9811954186
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 394
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Book Description
This book represents the latest research on urban forestry in a Malaysian context. It demonstrates that urban forestry is concerned not only with environmental enhancement, but also other aspects, such as recreation, health and well-being, and government policies. This edited collection provides a comprehensive overview of urban forestry studies from various researchers in Malaysia, and includes rich historical perspectives of urban forestry in the country. It also tackles related issues in policy. The greening of urban Malaysia in the 1970s focused primarily on beautification and was primarily the province of horticulturists, landscapers, nursery workers, town planners, and architects, with negligible inputs from foresters, particularly urban foresters. Perhaps for that reason, the term “landscaping” has been used more widely than “urban forestry” by government and private institutions, politicians, stakeholders, academicians, and the public. Nevertheless, the authors show that the concept of urban forestry is not new for developing countries such as Malaysia, where urbanization is increasing at a rapid rate. The book unpacks this demographic shift from a predominantly rural to a principally urban society. As the only unified body of work on urban forestry and arboricultural studies in Malaysia, this volume presents an important interdisciplinary reference for students, researchers, and scholars in physical geography, forestry and urban forestry, arboriculture and landscape architecture, both in Malaysia, and in other developing urbanizing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia. It is also an important resource for those working in environmental policy and practice, excavating the vital connection between the environment and well-being.
Author: Dwight A. Hennessy
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 316
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Book Description
This volume presents the work of researchers from around the world and from a variety of disciplines who are actively searching for ways to make our roadways a safer and more pleasant place to be. Although behavioural scientists have long been interested in learning about what drivers do the study of driving behaviour has only recently attracted the dedicated interest of psychologists and other researchers. Roadways are now increasingly recognised as an excellent naturalistic setting to study a variety of behaviours that were previously constrained to laboratories. Streets and roads are ubiquitous, constituting an integral part of most people's everyday environment or life space. As with other environmental features, emotional meanings are attached to our subjective perceptions of roadways which ultimately influence immediate and long term thoughts, feelings, and actions. traffic safety, including the nature, measurement and treatment of roadway aggression, types of traffic violations in diverse parts of the world, the pervasive concern with the alcohol and driving, attempts to modify problematic driver behaviours, engineering and human factors concerns such as cell phone operation by drivers, the use of vehicle black box recorders, and the safety of airbags. We also present some examples of theoretical models and their usefulness in stimulating research and providing an overall explanatory model for a diverse range of driving behaviours. The chapters in this book explore many of these issues with driver behaviours being investigated by psychologists, sociologists, engineers and others.
