The Effect of Delay of Reinforcement on a Behavior Maintenance Task with Children PDF Download
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Author: Phyllis Ann Thomson Elardo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Author: Phyllis Ann Thomson Elardo
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 116
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Book Description
Author: Ainsley Beth Lewon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic books
Languages : en
Pages : 146
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Book Description
The ability to tolerate delays to reinforcement is a necessary component of many important childhood behaviors such as sharing, turn taking, perspective taking, and task persistence. Naturalistic observations and laboratory preparations suggest that most young children tend to prefer reinforcers that are immediately available and tend to engage in problematic behavior when asked to wait for them. This tendency is magnified in children diagnosed with ASD. Despite the importance in teaching young children to wait, little research has been conducted to determine the conditions under which appropriate waiting behavior is established and maintained. As such, a study was developed to examine the use of a percentile schedule to fade the delay to reinforcement in young children with autism. The effects of using social praise and corrective feedback concurrently with a percentile schedule were also examined in subsequent phases. Additionally, generalization probes, conducted with play and leisure activities, and 14-day follow-up maintenance probes, with both edible and play/leisure items, were conducted. Results indicate that none of the participants learned to wait in any experimental phase. Clinical implications, possible explanations, limitations of the experimental preparation, and areas for future research will be discussed.
Author: B. F. Skinner
Publisher: B. F. Skinner Foundation
ISBN: 0989983951
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 794
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Book Description
The contingent relationship between actions and their consequences lies at the heart of Skinner’s experimental analysis of behavior. Particular patterns of behavior emerge depending upon the contingencies established. Ferster and Skinner examined the effects of different schedules of reinforcement on behavior. An extraordinary work, Schedules of Reinforcement represents over 70,000 hours of research primarily with pigeons, though the principles have now been experimentally verified with many species including human beings. At first glance, the book appears to be an atlas of schedules. And so it is, the most exhaustive in existence. But it is also a reminder of the power of describing and explaining behavior through an analysis of measurable and manipulative behavior-environment relations without appealing to physiological mechanisms in the brain. As en exemplar and source for the further study of behavioral phenomena, the book illustrates the scientific philosophy that Skinner and Ferster adopted: that a science is best built from the ground up, from a firm foundation of facts that can eventually be summarized as scientific laws.
Author: Michael L. Commons
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317838076
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 363
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Book Description
First published in 1986. This is Volume V of six in a series on Quantitative Analyses of Behavior. Quantitative analysis now generally refers to the fact that theoretical issues are represented by quantitative models. An analysis is not a matter of fitting arbitrary functions to data points. The volumes in the present series have been written for behavioral scientists. Those concerned with issues in the study of how behavior is acquired and then allocated in various environments-biologists, psychologists, economists, anthropologists, and other researchers, as well as graduate students and advanced undergraduates in those areas-should find volumes in this series to be state-of the-art readers and reference works. Each volume of the series examines a particular topic that has been discussed at the annual Symposium on Quantitative Analyses of Behavior held at Harvard University. This volume, V, addresses the topic of how reinforcement value is affected by delay and intervening events. Self-control studies are also presented and discussed.
Author: Cynthia Pantoja
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Autistic children
Languages : en
Pages : 56
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Book Description
Impulsive behavior in young children has been decreased in self-control training procedures that delay reinforcement gradually over time. Such procedures typically utilize fixed delays to reinforcement during training trials. The purpose of the present study was to examine preferences between fixed and variable delay schedules to reinforcement with five children with autism. During the first phase of the study, children were asked to make a choice between receiving a reinforcer immediately or after a delay. During the second phase, children were asked to make a choice between a fixed or variable delay schedule to reinforcement by sitting on one of two corresponding sitting squares associated with each schedule. Though two participants did select to delay reinforcement, findings indicate that immediate reinforcement was more preferred than delayed reinforcement. However, no group consensus for a variable delay preference was found. Results showed two participants preferring the fixed delay, two preferring the variable delay, and one showing no preference for either.Impulsive behavior in young children has been decreased in self-control training procedures that delay reinforcement gradually over time. Such procedures typically utilize fixed delays to reinforcement during training trials. The purpose of the present study was to examine preferences between fixed and variable delay schedules to reinforcement with five children with autism. During the first phase of the study, children were asked to make a choice between receiving a reinforcer immediately or after a delay. During the second phase, children were asked to make a choice between a fixed or variable delay schedule to reinforcement by sitting on one of two corresponding sitting squares associated with each schedule. Though two participants did select to delay reinforcement, findings indicate that immediate reinforcement was more preferred than delayed reinforcement. However, no group consensus for a variable delay preference was found. Results showed two participants preferring the fixed delay, two preferring the variable delay, and one showing no preference for either.
Author: Henry S. Roane
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128007931
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 682
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Book Description
Applied behavior analysts use applied research to create and implement effective evidence-based procedures in schools, homes, and the community, which have proved effective in addressing behaviors associated with autism and other developmental disorders. The principles underlying this therapeutic approach have been increasingly effective when applied to other populations, settings, and behaviors. Clinical and Organizational Applications of Applied Behavior Analysis explores data-based decision-making in depth to inform treatment selection for behavior change across various populations and contexts. Each chapter addresses considerations related to data collection, single-case research design methodology, objective decision-making, and visual inspection of data. The authors reference a range of published research methods in the area of applied behavior analysis (ABA) as it has been applied to specific topics, as well as utilizing their own clinical work by providing numerous case examples. - Reviews current evidence-based practices to provide a comprehensive guide to the application of ABA principles across a range of clinical contexts and applications - Divides clinical applications into three sections for ease-of-use: child, adult, and broad-based health - Explores the breadth of ABA-based treatment beyond autism and developmental disorders - Draws upon a range of subject-matter experts who have clinical and research experience across multiple uses of ABA
Author: Michael L. Commons
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 9780898598001
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
First published in 1986. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Author: Ralph William Richards
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Reinforcement (Psychology)
Languages : en
Pages : 124
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Book Description
Author: Johnny L. Matson
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1489925015
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 525
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Book Description
The development of behavior modification principles and procedures and the ensuing research have had a dramatic impact on services for mentally re tarded persons. This book is the second edition of a volume that is designed to update readers on some of these many developments. Although many of the chapter titles and authors from the first edition remain unchanged, we have added additional chapters to reflect new areas of research. The book is thus a critical review of this literature and, as such, provides essential and important notions about what we know and what can be done to expand our current knowledge. The authors of the chapters are all recognized experts who have been active in publishing in the research areas they critique. As a result, they have a good understanding of what are the major issues in the field. And because they are also active in service provision to persons with identified handicaps, their material will be especially useful to practitioners and, it is hoped, to those_ professionals who are working in the field in estab lishing data-based treatments. One important change in the field has concerned the terminology used to We are aware that persons with mental retar describe handicapped persons. dation are no longer referred to as "the mentally retarded," and although no disrespect is intended, for the sake of continuity the original title has been retained on the advice of the publisher.
Author: Thomas H. Ollendick
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1468411047
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 362
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Book Description
As noted by its title, the focus of this book is centered on an examination of behavior therapy with children in clinical settings. Throughout, our goal has been to examine theoretical underpinnings, review empirical research, and illustrate clinical utility for a variety of behavioral proce dures with children. In pursuing this goal, we have described child behavior therapy as an approach based on empirical methodology, de rived from behavioral principles, and focused upon adjustment disor ders of children. The hallmark of such an approach is its accountability the extent to which the procedures and techniques presented in this text are demonstrably accountable must be determined at least partially by the reader. As students of child behavior, we have become sensitized to two trends in behavior therapy with children during the preparation of this book. First, we have been concerned with the simple application of behavioral procedures to children, irrespective of developmental con siderations. All too frequently, assessment strategies and treatment pro cedures found to be useful with adults have been applied to children in an indiscriminate fashion. For example, some recent studies have examined and assessed the very same social skill deficits in children as in adults (e. g. , lack of eye contact, delayed latency of response, and absence of positive commendatory responses). Surely, skill deficits differ from age to age just as they differ from situation to situation.
