The effect of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) on racial inequality in South Africa PDF Download
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Author: Korbinian Stinglhamer
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668546908
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 33
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 1,0, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Economics), course: Economics 477: Economic Development of Africa, language: English, abstract: This paper investigates the Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) program in South Africa and its economic justification by analyzing the trends in both, intra- and interracial inequality, since the implementation of BEE. Even though inequality is driven by many different factors, this paper attempts to analyze whether BEE was able to effectively reduce inequality in the way that it was intended. My findings suggest that BEE might have helped to reduce inequality between different races, but that it increased inequality among black people. During Apartheid, black people were excluded from major parts of South Africa’s economy. This resulted in an unequal income distribution in South Africa. Even after Apartheid ended in 1994 income was distributed unequally between races. In order to reduce this inequality and equalize opportunities between the different races in South Africa, the government implemented an affirmative action program called Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) in 2003. In this case and in the following sections, the word “black” defines a racial group, including Africans, coloreds and Indians and can thus be used as synonym for “non-whites.” BEE introduced a scorecard which rates companies based on their economic inclusion of black people. If the respective company receives a low rating on the scorecard, there will likely be a negative effect on their profit compared to a company with a high rating. The basic critique of BEE is that its main beneficiary is a small elite. Studies about the actual effects of BEE are rare, as data on this topic is limited.
Author: Korbinian Stinglhamer
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668546908
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 33
Get Book Here
Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 1,0, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Economics), course: Economics 477: Economic Development of Africa, language: English, abstract: This paper investigates the Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) program in South Africa and its economic justification by analyzing the trends in both, intra- and interracial inequality, since the implementation of BEE. Even though inequality is driven by many different factors, this paper attempts to analyze whether BEE was able to effectively reduce inequality in the way that it was intended. My findings suggest that BEE might have helped to reduce inequality between different races, but that it increased inequality among black people. During Apartheid, black people were excluded from major parts of South Africa’s economy. This resulted in an unequal income distribution in South Africa. Even after Apartheid ended in 1994 income was distributed unequally between races. In order to reduce this inequality and equalize opportunities between the different races in South Africa, the government implemented an affirmative action program called Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) in 2003. In this case and in the following sections, the word “black” defines a racial group, including Africans, coloreds and Indians and can thus be used as synonym for “non-whites.” BEE introduced a scorecard which rates companies based on their economic inclusion of black people. If the respective company receives a low rating on the scorecard, there will likely be a negative effect on their profit compared to a company with a high rating. The basic critique of BEE is that its main beneficiary is a small elite. Studies about the actual effects of BEE are rare, as data on this topic is limited.
Author: Korbinian Stinglhamer
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783668546912
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 34
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 1,0, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Economics), course: Economics 477: Economic Development of Africa, language: English, abstract: This paper investigates the Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) program in South Africa and its economic justification by analyzing the trends in both, intra- and interracial inequality, since the implementation of BEE. Even though inequality is driven by many different factors, this paper attempts to analyze whether BEE was able to effectively reduce inequality in the way that it was intended. My findings suggest that BEE might have helped to reduce inequality between different races, but that it increased inequality among black people. During Apartheid, black people were excluded from major parts of South Africa's economy. This resulted in an unequal income distribution in South Africa. Even after Apartheid ended in 1994 income was distributed unequally between races. In order to reduce this inequality and equalize opportunities between the different races in South Africa, the government implemented an affirmative action program called Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) in 2003. In this case and in the following sections, the word "black" defines a racial group, including Africans, coloreds and Indians and can thus be used as synonym for "non-whites." BEE introduced a scorecard which rates companies based on their economic inclusion of black people. If the respective company receives a low rating on the scorecard, there will likely be a negative effect on their profit compared to a company with a high rating. The basic critique of BEE is that its main beneficiary is a small elite. Studies about the actual effects of BEE are rare, as data on this topic is limited.
Author: Hwok-Aun Lee
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351626221
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 274
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Book Description
Malaysia and South Africa implement the most extensive affirmative action programmes worldwide. This book explores why and how to effect preferential treatment which has been utilized in the pursuit of inter-ethnic parity, specifically in higher education, high-level occupations, enterprise development and wealth ownership. Through methodical and critical analyses of data on education, workforce and population, the book evaluates the primary objectives of increasing majority representation in education, employment, enterprise and ownership. The book also critically considers questions of the attainments and limitations of ethnic preferential treatment in reducing disparity, the challenges of developing capability and reducing dependency and the scope for policy reforms.
Author: Antonio Andreoni
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192894315
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 411
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Book Description
Taking South Africa as an important case study of the challenges of structural transformation, the book offers a new micro-meso level framework and evidence linking country-specific and global dynamics of change, with a focus on the current challenges and opportunities faced by middle-income countries.
Author: Gill Marcus
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 244
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Book Description
From high profile figures such as Cyril Ramaphosa, Albie Sachs and Wendy Luhabe to analysts such as Wendy Lucas Bull, Vuyo Jack and Itumeleng Mahabane; to practitioners such as Lot Ndlovu, Eric Mafuna, Nolitha Fakude, this book brings together leading South African analysts and practitioners in the most comprehensive analysis of Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) to date. The volume situates Black Economic Empowerment within the larger trajectory of black business imperatives for empowerment; and provides policy recommendations for legislative and regulatory clarity.
Author: Ian Shapiro
Publisher: University of Virginia Press
ISBN: 0813931010
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 385
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Book Description
Democracy came to South Africa in April 1994, when the African National Congress won a landslide victory in the first free national election in the country’s history. That definitive and peaceful transition from apartheid is often cited as a model for others to follow. The new order has since survived several transitions of ANC leadership, and it averted a potentially destabilizing constitutional crisis in 2008. Yet enormous challenges remain. Poverty and inequality are among the highest in the world. Staggering unemployment has fueled xenophobia, resulting in deadly aggression directed at refugees and migrant workers from Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Violent crime rates, particularly murder and rape, remain grotesquely high. The HIV/AIDS pandemic was shockingly mishandled at the highest levels of government, and infection rates continue to be overwhelming. Despite the country’s uplifting success of hosting Africa’s first World Cup in 2010, inefficiency and corruption remain rife, infrastructure and basic services are often semifunctional, and political opposition and a free media are under pressure. In this volume, major scholars chronicle South Africa’s achievements and challenges since the transition. The contributions, all previously unpublished, represent the state of the art in the study of South African politics, economics, law, and social policy.
Author: Alan Hirsch
Publisher: IDRC
ISBN: 1552502155
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 305
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Book Description
Offers an insight into the circumstances under which the policies were developed, implemented and reviewed, as well as a study of the outcomes. This book addresses questions such as: How could an organisation with no previous experience of governing accomplish a peaceful transition to democracy? How did they do it and where are they going?
Author: Black Economic Empowerment Commission (South Africa)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Black business enterprises
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
Author: Arkebe Oqubay
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0192894196
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1153
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Book Description
While sharing some characteristics with other middle-income countries, South Africa is a country with a unique economic history and distinctive economic features. It is a regional economic powerhouse that plays a significant role, not only in southern Africa and in the continent, but also as a member of BRICS. However, there has been a lack of structural transformation and weak economic growth, and South Africa faces the profound triple challenges of poverty, inequality, and unemployment. Any meaningful debate about economic policies to address these challenges needs to be informed by a deep understanding of historical developments, robust empirical evidence, and rigorous analysis of South Africa's complex economic landscape. This volume seeks to provide a wide-ranging set of original, detailed, and state-of-the-art analytical perspectives that contribute to scientific knowledge as well as to well-informed and productive discourse on the South African economy. While concentrating on the more recent economic issues facing South Africa, the handbook also provides historical and political context. It offers an in-depth examination of strategic issues in the country's key economic sectors, and brings together diverse analytical perspectives.
Author: Kate Grantham
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1000340341
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 214
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Book Description
This book investigates the barriers to women’s economic empowerment in the Global South. Drawing on evidence from a wide range of countries, the book outlines important lessons and practical solutions for promoting gender equality. Despite global progress in closing gender gaps in education and health, women’s economic empowerment has lagged behind, with little evidence that economic growth promotes gender equality. International Development Research Centre’s (IDRC) Growth and Economic Opportunities for Women (GrOW) programme was set up to provide policy lessons, insights, and concrete solutions that could lead to advances in gender equality, particularly on the role of institutions and macroeconomic growth, barriers to labour market access for women, and the impact of women’s care responsibilities. This book showcases rigorous and multi-disciplinary research emerging from this ground-breaking programme, covering topics such as the school-to-work transition, child marriage, unpaid domestic work and childcare, labour market segregation, and the power of social and cultural norms that prevent women from fully participating in better paid sectors of the economy. With a range of rich case studies from Burkina Faso, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Kenya, Nepal, Rwanda, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Uganda, this book is perfect for students, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working on women’s economic empowerment and gender equality in the Global South.
