Author: Sherwood Manning Smith
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Learning, Psychology of
Languages : en
Pages : 46

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Author: Franklin Mendel Zaromb
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 92

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In educational contexts, tests not only assess what students know, they can also directly improve long-term retention of subject matter relative to restudying it. More importantly, the memorial advantage of testing is not limited to select information that was tested earlier. Research has shown that testing can serve as a versatile learning tool by enhancing the long-term retention of non-tested information that is conceptually related to previously tested information; stimulating the subsequent learning of new information; and permitting better transfer of learning to new knowledge domains. We further investigated the potential benefits of testing on learning by asking whether testing can also improve students' learning and retention of the conceptual organization of study materials, and if so, whether processes involved in mentally organizing information during learning contribute to the memorial advantage of testing. In three experiments with categorized lists, we asked whether the testing effect in free recall is related to enhancements in organizational processing. In the first experiment, different groups of subjects studied a list either once or twice before a final criterial test or they studied the list once and took an initial recall test before the final test. Prior testing enhanced total recall of words and reduced false recall of extra-list intrusions relative to restudying. In addition, testing increased the number of categories accessed, the number of items recalled from within those categories, and improved category clustering. In two additional experiments, manipulating the organizational processing that occurred during initial study and test trials affected delayed recall and measures of output organization. Testing produced superior long-term retention when initial test conditions promoted the use of semantic relational information to guide episodic retrieval, and measures of category clustering and subjective organization were correlated with delayed recall. The results suggest that the benefit of testing in free recall learning arises, at least in part, because testing creates retrieval schemas based upon categorical knowledge and recollections of previous recall attempts that guide and facilitate episodic recall.

Author: Barbara Jean Gerdes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 200

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 936

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 822

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Author: Donald A. Norman
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 1483258203
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 556

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Models of Human Memory provides an overview of the state of knowledge on human memory models. The book begins with an introductory chapter on the basic stages of the memory system and the historical roots of memory models. The remaining chapters are organized into five parts. Part I on memory systems covers topics such as a system for perception and memory; multi-trace strength theory of memory; and a model for postperceptual verbal memory that postulates a single memory store, with multiple copies, called replicas, created in memory by rehearsal processes. Part II presents studies phoneme storage and word recognition. Part III on memory for associations examines the storage-retrieval theory for the memorizing processes and presents simple model of short-term memory (STM) for paired associates. Part IV on storage and retrieval mechanisms deals with mechanisms of repetition and rehearsal in short-term memory; models of recall and recognition; and memory search models. Part V presents a theory of human long-term associative memory; and examines conceptual and methodological interactions between information-processing investigations of cognitive activity and attempts to build models of memory.

Author: Nancy Fahlberg Halff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Learning, Psychology of
Languages : en
Pages : 196

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Author: William Estes
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1317672070
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 413

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Originally published in 1976, this is Volume 4 of a series that reflected the current state of the field at the time. In this title the focus shifts to modern developments in cognitive psychology. The emphasis is primarily on attention and short-term memory, as these concepts came to be understood in the decade leading up to publication. In addition to presenting the major concepts, the authors outline fundamental theories and methods, all in a way that will be readable by anyone with a reasonable scientific background. As the editor notes in the Foreword, each author "has taken on the assignment of giving explicit attention to the orienting attitudes and long-term goals that tend to shape the overall course of research in his field and to bring out both actual and potential influences and implications with respect to other aspects of the discipline." This volume, as all volumes of the Handbook, will be invaluable for those who want an organized picture of the current state of the field as it was at the time.

Author:
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123877075
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 329

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Book Description
Education and cognitive psychology are natural companions—they both are focused on how people think and learn. Although collaborations have occurred for many years, recently there has been a much greater interest in collaborations that bring cognitive principles into classroom settings. This renewed collaborative research has led both to new evidence-based instructional practices and to a better understanding of cognitive principles. This volume contains overviews of research projects at the intersection of cognitive science and education. The prominent contributors—cognitive psychologists, developmental psychologists, educational psychologists, and science educators—were chosen both for the quality of their work and the variety of their contributions—general principles; influence of affect and motivation; and focus on math and science education. - This volume contains overviews of research projects at the intersection of cognitive science and education - The prominent contributors were chosen both for the quality of their work and the variety of their contributions general principles; influence of affect and motivation; and focus on math and science education.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 1016

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