The Effect of Aging on Speech Perception in Noise PDF Download
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Author: Carole L. Mayer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Deafness
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Author: Carole L. Mayer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Deafness
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Author: Uli H. Frauenfelder
Publisher: MIT Press (MA)
ISBN: 9780262560399
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 242
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Book Description
Spoken Word Recognition covers the entire range of processes involved in recognizing spoken words - both in and out of context. It brings together a number of essays dealing with important theoretical questions raised by the study of spoken word recognition - among them, how do we understand fluent speech as efficiently and effortlessly as we do? What are the mental processes and representations involved when we recognize spoken words? How do these differ from those involved in reading written words? What information is stored in our mental lexicon and how is it structured? What do linguistic and computational theories tell us about these psychological processes and representations?The multidisciplinary presentation of work by phoneticians, linguists, psychologists, and computer scientists reflects the growing interest in spoken word recognition from a number of different perspectives. It is a natural consequence of the mediating role that lexical representations and processes play in language understanding, linking sound with meaning.Following the editors' introduction, the contributions and their authors are: Acoustic-Phonetic Representation in Word Recognition (David B. Pisoni and Paul A. Luce). Phonological Parsing and Lexical Retrieval (Kenneth W. Church). Parallel Processing in Spoken Word Recognition (William D. Marslen-Wilson). A Reader's View of Listening (Dianne C. Bradley and Kenneth I. Forster). Prosodic Structure and Spoken Word Recognition (Francois Grosjean and James Paul Gee). Structure in Auditory Word Recognition (Lyn Frazier). The Mental Representation of the Meaning of Words (P. N. Johnson-Laird). Context Effects in Lexical Processing (Michael K. Tanenhaus and Margery M. Lucas).Uli H. Frauenfelder is a researcher with the Max-Planck-Institut für Psycholinguistik, and Lorraine Komisarjevsky Tyler is a professor in the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Cambridge. Spoken Word Recognition is in a series that is derived from special issues of Cognition: International Journal of Cognitive Science, edited by Jacques Mehler. A Bradford Book.
Author: So Eun Park
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 212
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Purpose: This study was designed to investigate (1) the effects of age and hearing loss on auditory neural coding, (2) interrelationships between auditory evoked potentials (AEP) taking place at early and later stage of auditory processing, and (3) electrophysiological correlates of age-related declines in speech-in-noise perception. Methods: 30 young normal-hearing adults (YNH, M=21 years), 26 older adults with near-normal hearing (ONH, M=63.9 years) and 26 older adults with hearing loss (OHL, M=72.8 years) participated in the study. AMLR Pa and N1, P2 and N2 of ALLRs were recorded using two-channel electrode system. 500 Hz tone burst and syllable /ba/ were presented in quiet and in babble at the level of 90 Leq (dBA), accompanied by babble at the level of 65 Leq (dBA). Revised Speech Perception in Noise (R-SPIN) test was conducted to measure speech-in-noise perception. Results: ONH listeners demonstrated significantly enhanced Pa and N1 amplitudes and significantly prolonged Pa, P2 and N2 latencies compared with YNH listeners, indicating the effects of aging. OHI group demonstrated significantly prolonged N2 latencies compared with ONH group, indicating the effects of hearing loss. OHI listeners demonstrated significantly enhanced amplitudes and significantly prolonged latencies across all AEP components compared with YNH listeners, indicating that the combined effects may have stronger impacts on age-related changes in AEP morphology. Significant correlations between the amplitudes of Pa and each component of ALLRs were found in ONH and OHI groups, indicating that enhanced Pa amplitudes correspond with enhanced amplitudes of cortical responses in older listeners. Significant correlations between latencies of Pa and each component of ALLRs were found in all groups, indicating that prolonged Pa latencies correspond with prolonged latencies of cortical responses in all listeners. In both ONH and OHI groups, lower R-SPIN-LP scores are significantly correlated with enhanced Pa, P2, and N2 amplitudes and prolonged N2 latencies, particularly for syllable /ba/. Discussion and Conclusions: Interplay between effects of aging and hearing loss may have stronger impacts on morphological changes in the AEP waveforms. Amplitude-based interrelationships reflect age-related changes in a transfer of neural information between subcortical and cortical auditory network. Latency-based interrelationships indicate the association between neural timings at subcortical and cortical levels. Age-related enhancements of Pa, P2 and N2 amplitudes and age-related prolongations of N2 latencies may serve as electrophysiological correlates of age-related declines in SIN perception.
Author: Moe Bergman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Author: Karen S. Helfer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Author: Brian C J Moore
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 981457967X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 197
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Book Description
The book is concerned with changes in the perception of sound that are associated with hearing loss and aging. Hearing loss affects about 7% of the population in developed countries, and the proportion is increasing as the average age of the population increases. The audiogram is the most widely used diagnostic tool in audiology clinics around the world. The audiogram involves measuring the threshold for detecting sounds of different frequencies. Sometimes the audiogram is the only diagnostic tool that is used. However, hearing problems are not completely characterized by the audiogram. Two individuals with similar audiograms may show very different abilities in the detection and discrimination of sounds at above-threshold levels. Also, a person may have hearing difficulties despite having an audiogram that is within the range conventionally considered as ‘normal’. One factor that may influence the discrimination of sounds, especially the ability to understand speech in background sounds, is sensitivity to temporal fine structure (TFS).This monograph reviews the role played by TFS in masking, pitch perception, speech perception, and spatial hearing, and concludes that cues derived from TFS play an important role in all of these. Evidence is reviewed suggesting that cochlear hearing loss reduces the ability to use TFS cues. Also, the ability to use TFS declines with increasing age even when the audiogram remains normal. This provides a new dimension to the changes in hearing associated with aging, a topic that is currently of great interest in view of the increasing proportion of older people in the population.The study of the role of TFS in auditory processing has been a hot topic in recent years. While there have been many research papers on this topic in specialized journals, there has been no overall review that pulls together the different research findings and presents and interprets them within a coherent framework. This monograph fills this gap.
Author: Larry J. Bradford
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 682
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Author: Sandra Gordon-Salant
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 144190994X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 311
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Book Description
This volume brings together noted scientists who study presbycusis from the perspective of complementary disciplines, for a review of the current state of knowledge on the aging auditory system. Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the top three most common chronic health conditions affecting individuals aged 65 years and older. The high prevalence of age-related hearing loss compels audiologists, otolaryngologists, and auditory neuroscientists alike to understand the neural, genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this disorder. A comprehensive understanding of these factors is needed so that effective prevention, intervention, and rehabilitative strategies can be developed to ameliorate the myriad of behavioral manifestations.
Author: Karen S. Helfer
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030493679
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
Since the first edition of the Aging Auditory System volume (in 2009), there has been a tremendous amount of research in basic, translational, and clinical sciences related to age-related changes in auditory system structure and function. The new research has been driven by technical and conceptual advances in auditory neuroscience at multiple levels ranging from cells to cognition. The chapters in Aging and Hearing: Causes and Consequences span a broad range of topics and appeal to a relatively wide audience. Our goal in this volume is to put together state-of-the-art discussions about new developments in aging research that will appeal to a broad audience, serving as an important update on the current state of research on the aging auditory system. This update includes not only the recent research, but also consideration of how human and animal studies or translational and basic research are working in tandem to advance the field. This new edition is a natural complement to the previous SHAR volume on the aging auditory system edited by Gordon-Salant, Frisina, Popper, and Fay. The target audience for this volume will be graduate students, researchers, and academic faculty from a range of disciplines (psychology, hearing science/audiology, physiology, neuroscience, engineering). It also will appeal to clinical audiologists as well as to researchers working in the hearing device industry. Individuals who attend conferences sponsored by the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, Acoustical Society of America, Auditory Cognitive Neuroscience Society, American Auditory Society, Society for Neuroscience, American Speech, Language and Hearing Association, and the American Academy of Audiology (among others) are likely to find value in the volume.
Author: Kirsten Elisabeth Smayda
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 348
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Book Description
Normal aging is associated with difficulty understanding speech in adverse listening conditions and can lead to problems for the elderly such as social isolation, anxiety, depression, and diminished quality of life. A large literature suggests at least two types of noise can negatively interfere with speech intelligibility: energetic and informational noise. Energetic masking results when the noise spectro-temporally overlaps with the speech signal (e.g., near a construction site). Informational masking results when the noise contains information beyond spectro-temporal overlap with the speech signal (e.g., the ‘cocktail’ party situation). Cognitive processes have been implicated in mediating individual differences in speech-in-noise (SPIN) perception such as auditory working memory, attention, and processing speed; as well as perceptual processes such as temporal processing and gap detection. Importantly, the cognitive and perceptual subprocesses involved in accurate speech-in-noise perception also decline as we age. An expansive literature suggests that music training is positively associated with enhancements in not only SPIN processing, but also the perceptual and cognitive abilities supporting SPIN perception. Importantly, the causal effect of music training on older adult SPIN perception is poorly understood. The overarching goal of this thesis is to characterize the contextual and listener features that can improve older adult speech-in-noise perception. The first paper in this dissertation explores the extent to which contextual cues, such as visual and semantic information, can aid in older adult speech-in-noise processing. In Paper 2, we examine the source of a musician advantage in learning novel speech categories. Using computational modeling we show that the musician advantage is due to both cognitive and perceptual processes. Paper 3 tests the extent to which age of onset of music training improves decision-making later in life. The broader implications of Papers 1 through 3 are explored in the General Discussion, which includes a proof-of-concept training study experimentally testing the effect of ten weeks of group piano lessons on older adult speech-in-noise processing. Preliminary results suggest that music training confers larger SPIN improvements relative to no training, and participants in the music training condition were more motivated to complete their training relative to those in the active control group.
