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Author: Jane Gravelle
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262071581
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 370
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Book Description
How should capital income be taxed to achieve efficiency and equity? In this detailed study, tax policy analyst Jane Gravelle, brings together comprehensive estimates of effective tax rates on a wide variety of capital by type, industry, legal form, method of financing, and across time. These estimates are combined with a history and survey of issues regarding capital income taxation that are aimed especially at bringing the findings of economic theory and recent empirical research to nonspecialists and policymakers. Many of the topics treated have been the subject of policy debate and legislation over the last ten or fifteen years.Should capital income be taxed at all? And, if capital income is to be taxed, what is the best way to do it? Gravelle devotes two chapters to the first question, and then, in answer to the second question, covers a broad range of topics - corporate taxation, tax neutrality, capital gains taxes, tax treatment of retirement savings, and capital income taxation and international competitiveness. Gravelle also includes a comprehensive history of tax institutions and data on constructing effective tax rates that are not available elsewhere.
Author: Alan J. Auerbach
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corporations
Languages : en
Pages : 38
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Book Description
Discusses the extent to which dividend taxation imposes a "double tax" on corporate source earnings; the historical impact of tax incentives on the incentives to invest and the value of corporate equity; the effects of limited loss offset provisions on the incentives to invest in risky assets; and the determinants of corporate leverage.
Author: Jane Gravelle
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262071581
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 370
Get Book Here
Book Description
How should capital income be taxed to achieve efficiency and equity? In this detailed study, tax policy analyst Jane Gravelle, brings together comprehensive estimates of effective tax rates on a wide variety of capital by type, industry, legal form, method of financing, and across time. These estimates are combined with a history and survey of issues regarding capital income taxation that are aimed especially at bringing the findings of economic theory and recent empirical research to nonspecialists and policymakers. Many of the topics treated have been the subject of policy debate and legislation over the last ten or fifteen years.Should capital income be taxed at all? And, if capital income is to be taxed, what is the best way to do it? Gravelle devotes two chapters to the first question, and then, in answer to the second question, covers a broad range of topics - corporate taxation, tax neutrality, capital gains taxes, tax treatment of retirement savings, and capital income taxation and international competitiveness. Gravelle also includes a comprehensive history of tax institutions and data on constructing effective tax rates that are not available elsewhere.
Author: Li Liu (Economist)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corporations
Languages : en
Pages : 114
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Book Description
This dissertation consists of three essays studying the economic impact of corporate income taxation. Chapter 1 models and estimates the incidence of the corporate income tax under imperfect competition. Identification comes from variation in the effective marginal tax rates across industry and time. The empirical results suggest that labor shares the burden of corporate taxes. A ten percentage increase in the tax rates decreases the average wage rate by 0.45-0.56 percent. Consistent with the theoretical prediction, the elasticity of wage with respect to the tax rates increases with the industry concentration. Labor bears at least 87 percent of the burden of corporate income taxes. The U.S. corporate income tax system provides investment incentives that vary across asset types. In Chapter 2, I study the effect of corporate income taxes on the allocation of new capital investment by constructing an industry-level panel data from 1962 to 1997. My preferred-IV estimates of the asset substitution elasticities suggest a sizable interasset distortion effect of corporate income taxes. Substitutability is the strongest between machinery equipment and computing and electronic equipment. Compared to a revenue-neutral uniform tax scheme, differential corporate income taxes cause under-investment in computing and electronic equipment and over-investment in machinery and transportation equipment. Corporations were taxed at a lower rate than non-corporate firms in the early twentieth century. Chapter 3 examines the effect of relative taxation of corporate to non-corporate income using state-level panel data during 1909-1919. I find that the tax cost to incorporate had a significant impact on the corporate share of establishments and related economic activities including employment and production. The regression results suggest a large response of income shifting -- about 1.5 to 2 more times than the largest estimates in studies using more recent data. Income shifting was more responsive to the tax policies during the early days of income taxes. The implicit tax subsidy encourage about 8,300 business to be organized under the corporate form during this period.
Author: Henry Aaron
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
ISBN: 9780815707295
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 544
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Book Description
The tax system profoundly affects countless aspects of private behavior. It is a powerful policy influence on the distribution of income and it is the one aspect of government that almost every citizen cannot avoid. With tax reform high on the political agenda, this book brings together studies of leading tax economists and lawyers to assess the various reform proposals and examine the effects of tax reform in several distinct areas. Together, these studies and comments on them present a balanced evaluation of professional opinion on the issues that will be critical in the tax reform debate. The book addresses annual and lifetime distributional effects, saving, investment, transitional problems, simplification, home ownership and housing prices, charitable groups, international taxation, financial intermediaries and insurance, labor supply, and health insurance. In addition to Henry Aaron and William Gale, the contributors include Alan Auerbach, University of California, Berkeley; David Bradford, Princeton University; Charles Clotfelter, Duke University; Eric Engen, Federal Reserve; Don Fullerton, University of Texas; Jon Gruber, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Patric Hendershott, Ohio State; David Ling, University of Florida; Ronald Perlman, Covington & Burling; Diane Lim Rogers, Congressional Budget Office; John Karl Scholz, University of Wisconsin; Joel Slemrod, University of Michigan; and Robert Triest, University of California, Davis.
Author: R. Stafford Smith
Publisher: Berkeley : Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Author: Mark P. Keightley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corporations
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
This report presents information and research on the corporate tax to help policy makers understand and evaluate arguments presented in the tax reform debate. This report first reviews the structure of the corporate income tax. Data on which companies pay the corporate tax, corporate tax revenue, and how the U.S. system compares to the rest of the world are then presented and analyzed. Next, the economic effects of the corporate tax are reviewed--including a discussion of the purpose of the corporate tax, who bears the burden of the tax, and how to evaluate alternative corporate tax systems. The report then reviews broad reform options and concludes with a comparison of specific proposals that have been offered.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Taxation
Languages : en
Pages : 200
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Book Description
Author: Andrew L. Yarrow
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
ISBN: 0815732759
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 340
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Book Description
The story of men who are hurting—and hurting America by their absence Man Out describes the millions of men on the sidelines of life in the United States. Many of them have been pushed out of the mainstream because of an economy and society where the odds are stacked against them; others have chosen to be on the outskirts of twenty-first-century America. These men are disconnected from work, personal relationships, family and children, and civic and community life. They may be angry at government, employers, women, and "the system" in general—and millions of them have done time in prison and have cast aside many social norms. Sadly, too many of these men are unsure what it means to be a man in contemporary society. Wives or partners reject them; children are estranged from them; and family, friends, and neighbors are embarrassed by them. Many have disappeared into a netherworld of drugs, alcohol, poor health, loneliness, misogyny, economic insecurity, online gaming, pornography, other off-the-grid corners of the internet, and a fantasy world of starting their own business or even writing the Great American novel. Most of the men described in this book are poorly educated, with low incomes and often with very few prospects for rewarding employment. They are also disproportionately found among millennials, those over 50, and African American men. Increasingly, however, these lost men are discovered even in tony suburbs and throughout the nation. It is a myth that men on the outer corners of society are only lower-middle-class white men dislocated by technology and globalization. Unlike those who primarily blame an unjust economy, government policies, or a culture sanctioning "laziness," Man Out explores the complex interplay between economics and culture. It rejects the politically charged dichotomy of seeing such men as either victims or culprits. These men are hurting, and in turn they are hurting families and hurting America. It is essential to address their problems. Man Out draws on a wide range of data and existing research as well as interviews with several hundred men, women, and a wide variety of economists and other social scientists, social service providers and physicians, and with employers, through a national online survey and in-depth fieldwork in several communities.
Author: Alan J. Auerbach
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190619724
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 401
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Book Description
"Debates about the optimal structure for tax policies and tax rates hardly cease among public, policy, or academic audiences. These have only grown more heated in the United States as the gap between incomes of the wealthiest 1 percent and the rest of the population continue to diverge. Tax research perhaps has not fully kept pace with the relentless demand of various interests to adjust tax policy. Nonetheless, specialists in the economics of tax policy in recent years have profited from advances in economic theory, econometric measurements, and data quality and access that are beginning to allow a greater consensus on what are the real effects of tax policy and how government levies affect individuals and businesses. The volume edited by Professors Auerbach and Smetters represents an attempt to reduce the lag between the conduct of research on tax issues and its transmission to a broader public. The contributions would explore highly topical issues such as the effects of income tax changes on economic growth, the potential effects of capping certain tax expenditures, the economics of adjusted business tax policy, and environmental tax options. Other essays would investigate perennially important themes such as the conduct of tax administration, the growing role of the tax system on education policy, tax policy toward low-income families, capital gains and estate taxation, and tax policy for retirement savings. A final paper would examine three different options for fundamental tax reform"--
Author: Roger H. Gordon
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Corporations
Languages : en
Pages : 22
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Book Description
Several recent papers argue that corporate income taxes should not be used by small, open economies. With capital mobility, the burden of the tax falls on fixed factors (e.g., labor), and the tax system is more efficient if labor is taxed directly. However, corporate taxes not only exist but rates are roughly comparable with the top personal tax rates. Past models also forecast that multinationals should not invest in countries with low corporate tax rates, since the surtax they owe when profits are repatriated puts them at a competitive disadvantage. Yet such foreign direct investment is substantial. We suggest that the resolution of these puzzles may be found in the role of income shifting, both domestic (between the personal and corporate tax bases) and cross-border (through transfer pricing). Countries need cash-flow corporate taxes as a backstop to labor taxes to discourage individuals from converting their labor income into otherwise untaxed corporate income. We explore how these taxes can best be modified to deal as well with cross-border shifting.
