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Author: Wolfgang Zank
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
In the Mediterranean Basin two projects of economic integration overlap, namely the project of a Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA) and a process of economic integration of the European Union (EU), which neighbors into EU's Internal Market; the EU endeavors to strengthen cooperation with the neighbors practically on all fields. For decades, in spite of high-pitch rhetoric about Pan-Arabism, practical Arab integration was very limited. Hardly any other region was so divided politically. Furthermore, almost all Arab countries followed inward-oriented development strategies with high protectionist tariffs. These severely constrained economic transactions among the Arab countries. Thereby the Arab world became one of the most fragmented areas in the world. Spillover effects from economic to political integration, which played an important role in European integration could not take place. From the 1970s onwards a slow and often inconsistent transition to open marked economies began. It improved the conditions for Arab economic cooperation considerably, and in 1997 the GAFTA project was launched. It generated indeed increased trade. However, so far it remained 'shallow' integration, implying tariff reductions at the border, but not 'deep' integration with changes behind the border, such as common competition rules or common products standards. Therefore, numerous non-tariff barriers still exist, and competition remains distorted. Arab voices demand 'deep integration', but this requires political decision-making and dispute settlements which would restrict state sovereignty. Currently not many indicators point at such a transition in the Arab world. On the other hand, 'deep' integration has made considerable progress among the EU and some neighboring countries, notably Tunisia and Morocco. The impacts have been far reaching, also in the political sphere. This process is likely to impact some Arab countries much more than Arab integration. Theoretically it can be explained in terms of neofunctional theory.
Author: Wolfgang Zank
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
In the Mediterranean Basin two projects of economic integration overlap, namely the project of a Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA) and a process of economic integration of the European Union (EU), which neighbors into EU's Internal Market; the EU endeavors to strengthen cooperation with the neighbors practically on all fields. For decades, in spite of high-pitch rhetoric about Pan-Arabism, practical Arab integration was very limited. Hardly any other region was so divided politically. Furthermore, almost all Arab countries followed inward-oriented development strategies with high protectionist tariffs. These severely constrained economic transactions among the Arab countries. Thereby the Arab world became one of the most fragmented areas in the world. Spillover effects from economic to political integration, which played an important role in European integration could not take place. From the 1970s onwards a slow and often inconsistent transition to open marked economies began. It improved the conditions for Arab economic cooperation considerably, and in 1997 the GAFTA project was launched. It generated indeed increased trade. However, so far it remained 'shallow' integration, implying tariff reductions at the border, but not 'deep' integration with changes behind the border, such as common competition rules or common products standards. Therefore, numerous non-tariff barriers still exist, and competition remains distorted. Arab voices demand 'deep integration', but this requires political decision-making and dispute settlements which would restrict state sovereignty. Currently not many indicators point at such a transition in the Arab world. On the other hand, 'deep' integration has made considerable progress among the EU and some neighboring countries, notably Tunisia and Morocco. The impacts have been far reaching, also in the political sphere. This process is likely to impact some Arab countries much more than Arab integration. Theoretically it can be explained in terms of neofunctional theory.
Author: Søren Dosenrode
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317104951
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 286
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Book Description
Regionalization in general and regional integration in particular have taken place at a growing pace since the end of the Cold War, when states were set free from various security overlays. Regional integration is ’logical’ as it is supposed to advance wealth and peace. Still, the picture is far from clear and the process of regional integration is not automatic; disintegration takes place, as we saw in the cases of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia to mention a few. This is the case not only in states recently brought together but also in traditional states like Britain, The Netherlands and Spain where strong groups strive for independence. In some places regionalization is flourishing, but regional integration is not. Some regional integration projects like the North American Free Trade Agreement and Mercosur seem to stagnate. Certainly there are limits to regional integration. This comprehensive volume, written by high profiled academics, covers these themes by examining eleven cases ranging from the lack of integration in the Arctic and the Middle East, to ongoing or progressing integration in Europe to uncover what ’blocks’ regional integration, the results of which are used for developing new theoretical insights.
Author: Professor Søren Dosenrode
Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
ISBN: 1472453344
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 289
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Book Description
This comprehensive volume, written by high profiled academics, covers themes within regional integration by examining eleven cases ranging from the lack of integration in the Arctic and the Middle East, to ongoing or progressing integration in Europe in an effort to uncover what ‘blocks’ regional integration. The results of this discussion are used for developing new theoretical insights.
Author: Li Xing
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317039998
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 238
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Book Description
The world is in an era of great transformations. Globalization, transnational capitalism, September 11, the 2008 global financial crises, and the emergence of the ’second world’ in general and the BRICS in particular are characterized by a diffusion of power away from the traditional North Western powers and towards the global South. Such great transformations have reshaped the terrain and parameters of social, economic and political relations both at the national and the global levels and have exerted pressure on the exiting international order in terms of both opportunities and constraints. This new era also urges the need for re-conceptualizing the changing world order especially with regard to one of the core conceptual categories and analytical apparatus in the studies of IR and IPE - hegemony. The world will witness a new era of interdependent hegemony, in which both the existing ’First World’ and the emerging ’Second World’ are intertwined in a constant process of shaping and reshaping the international order in the nexus of national interest, regional orientation, common economic and political agenda, political alliance and potential conflicts. This collection juxtaposes, from different perspectives and approaches, the discussion on the political economy of the emerging world order with a focus on the rising powers.
Author: Lorenzo Fioramonti
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 1137028327
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 315
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Book Description
Investigates the intimate relationship between regional governance processes and global crises. Analysing the current turmoil in the European Union, it also looks at regional cooperation and integration in the Arab world, Africa, Asia and Latin America through topical case studies.
Author: Søren Dosenrode
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317033132
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 204
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Book Description
A few years have passed since the Lisbon Treaty came into force but the question still remains of what the Lisbon Treaty has actually brought about. Was it just 'relatively insignificant' as some scholars have claimed, or was it 'something' more? This book sets out to look at this question and it does so by applying a classical division: polity, politics and policy. One of the book's conclusions is that the Lisbon Treaty might have been 'plan b' compared to the aborted Constitutional Treaty, but it is certainly a substantial step forward on the European path of integration. The Lisbon Treaty strengthened the EU both as a polity (its stateness), and in its politics (the rules and procedures) and in spite of the fact that the treaty was not really a 'policy treaty', it has extended the Union's field by federalizing most of the policies within the area of Justice and Home Affairs. This anthology brings together scholars from four European countries each of them a specialist within the fields they are analyzing. Each scholar adds insights from their area of competence to the book, leaving it an important contribution to the study of today's European Union.
Author: Lorena A. Palacios-Chacón
Publisher: Editorial Digital del Tecnológico de Monterrey
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 202
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Book Description
The main objective of this book is to address the international integration through four chapters, each one highlighting the challenges and opportunities for developing countries, especially emerging ones, as they hold the largest growth potential and the greatest possibility of becoming modern, industrial economies with a higher standard of living (Kolodko, 2002). Throughout each of the chapters, there are questions designed to test the comprehension of each topic. Moreover, at the end of each section, students will find questions and exercises to help them consolidate their learning process. The book ends with a set of conclusions emphasizing the recent growth of most developing economies that have changed free trade geopolitics and how the new world relations bear both challenges and opportunities for these types of economies.
Author: Tamer Mohamed Ahmed Afifi
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN: 3867273286
Category : Egypt
Languages : en
Pages : 277
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Book Description
Author: Krystyna Stave
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319457551
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 645
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Book Description
This book is a social—ecological system description and feedback analysis of the Lake Tana Basin, the headwater catchment of the Upper Blue Nile River. This basin is an important local, national, and international resource, and concern about its sustainable development is growing at many levels. Lake Tana Basin outflows of water, sediments, nutrients, and contaminants affect water that flows downstream in the Blue Nile across international boundaries into the Nile River; the lake and surrounding land have recently been proposed as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve; the basin has been designated as a key national economic growth corridor in the Ethiopian Growth and Transformation Plan. In spite of the Lake Tana Basin’s importance, there is no comprehensive, integrated, system-wide description of its characteristics and dynamics that can serve as a basis for its sustainable development. This book presents both the social and ecological characteristics of the region and an integrated, system-wide perspective of the feedback links that shape social and ecological change in the basin. Finally, it summarizes key research needs for sustainable development.
Author: Karl Bruckmeier
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030566277
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 447
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Book Description
This textbook provides an overview of economic perspectives on sustainability. It synthesises economic, ecological and interdisciplinary sustainability research and by applying an integrated social-ecological and economic framework, demonstrates how this research can be improved and implemented in practice. Split into three parts, the book begins by introducing a range of topics forming the basis of knowledge needed to understand the varying sustainability discourses in economics, ecology and interdisciplinary sustainability research. Chapters cover the political context of sustainability; the history of sustainability in European environmental discourses dating back to the seventeenth century; as well as various problems and forms of interdisciplinary knowledge integration and synthesis in the sustainability process. Part II reviews the core economic themes relevant to sustainable development including natural resource management, environmental economics and ecological economics. Also highlighted are often neglected issues such as conflicts, disasters and interrelated crises on the way towards sustainability. The chapters in Part III discuss the future of the sustainability process. They argue for the necessity of overhauling the relationship between science and practice; explore failures and the unforeseen difficulties of sustainability transformation; and discuss how to enable a long term sustainability process that reaches into the distant future. An innovative resource for a broad range of interdisciplinary programmes on sustainability. The book will be an invaluable reference for master and PhD students, instructors, researchers and practitioners in sustainability governance.
