The Development of Semiconducting Materials for Organic Photovoltaics PDF Download
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Author: Jessica D. Douglas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
The chemical structure of conjugated semiconducting materials strongly influences the performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Thus a good understanding of the structure-function relationships that govern the optoelectronic and physical properties of OPV materials is necessary. In this dissertation, organic polymers and small molecules are evaluated in terms of OPV device output parameters, and molecular design rules are elucidated. The development of molecules with alternating electron-rich and electron-deficient backbone units provides materials with suitable optoelectronic properties for OPVs and favorable modularity for organic semiconductor design. The choice of specific aromatic units and side chains for conjugated materials are shown to modulate the energy levels and architecture of OPV devices, affecting each of the four mechanistic steps of OPV operation. In Chapter 2, the relationship between molecular packing parameters and the bulkiness of aliphatic solubilizing group extending away from a polymer backbone is elucidated, and high-performance OPV devices are achieved. In Chapter 3, the inclusion of a post-processing functionality on a polymer side chain is found to have a positive effect on the bulk morphology and overall performance of OPV devices. In Chapter 4, the influence of electron-withdrawing and quinoidal monomers on the optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers is established, and energy level modulation is shown to affect the electron accepting and donating capabilities of OPV materials in a blended device. In Chapter 5, small molecules are designed with complementary light absorption properties in order to investigate a rarely observed charge generation mechanism.
Author: Jessica D. Douglas
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 188
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Book Description
The chemical structure of conjugated semiconducting materials strongly influences the performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Thus a good understanding of the structure-function relationships that govern the optoelectronic and physical properties of OPV materials is necessary. In this dissertation, organic polymers and small molecules are evaluated in terms of OPV device output parameters, and molecular design rules are elucidated. The development of molecules with alternating electron-rich and electron-deficient backbone units provides materials with suitable optoelectronic properties for OPVs and favorable modularity for organic semiconductor design. The choice of specific aromatic units and side chains for conjugated materials are shown to modulate the energy levels and architecture of OPV devices, affecting each of the four mechanistic steps of OPV operation. In Chapter 2, the relationship between molecular packing parameters and the bulkiness of aliphatic solubilizing group extending away from a polymer backbone is elucidated, and high-performance OPV devices are achieved. In Chapter 3, the inclusion of a post-processing functionality on a polymer side chain is found to have a positive effect on the bulk morphology and overall performance of OPV devices. In Chapter 4, the influence of electron-withdrawing and quinoidal monomers on the optoelectronic properties of conjugated polymers is established, and energy level modulation is shown to affect the electron accepting and donating capabilities of OPV materials in a blended device. In Chapter 5, small molecules are designed with complementary light absorption properties in order to investigate a rarely observed charge generation mechanism.
Author: M. Parans Paranthaman
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319203312
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 290
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Book Description
This book reviews the current status of semiconductor materials for conversion of sunlight to electricity, and highlights advances in both basic science and manufacturing. Photovoltaic (PV) solar electric technology will be a significant contributor to world energy supplies when reliable, efficient PV power products are manufactured in large volumes at low cost. Expert chapters cover the full range of semiconductor materials for solar-to-electricity conversion, from crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon to cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium sulfide selenides, dye sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, and environmentally friendly copper zinc tin sulfide selenides. The latest methods for synthesis and characterization of solar cell materials are described, together with techniques for measuring solar cell efficiency. Semiconductor Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Cells presents the current state of the art as well as key details about future strategies to increase the efficiency and reduce costs, with particular focus on how to reduce the gap between laboratory scale efficiency and commercial module efficiency. This book will aid materials scientists and engineers in identifying research priorities to fulfill energy needs, and will also enable researchers to understand novel semiconductor materials that are emerging in the solar market. This integrated approach also gives science and engineering students a sense of the excitement and relevance of materials science in the development of novel semiconductor materials. · Provides a comprehensive introduction to solar PV cell materials · Reviews current and future status of solar cells with respect to cost and efficiency · Covers the full range of solar cell materials, from silicon and thin films to dye sensitized and organic solar cells · Offers an in-depth account of the semiconductor material strategies and directions for further research · Features detailed tables on the world leaders in efficiency demonstrations · Edited by scientists with experience in both research and industry
Author: Vivian W. W. Yam
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642149359
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 245
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Book Description
A major global issue that the world is facing today is the upcoming depletion of fossil fuels and the energy crisis. In 1998, the global annual energy consumption was 12. 7 TW; of which 80% was generated from fossil fuels. This also translates into huge annual emissions of CO that leads to massive environmental problems, 2 particularly the global warming, which could be disastrous. Future global annual energy needs are also estimated to rise dramatically. A major challenge confronting the world is to ?nd an additional 14–20 TW by 2050 when our energy reserves based on fossil fuels are vanishing. The massive demand for energy would require materials and/or processes that would help to provide new sources of clean ren- able energy or to develop processes that would harvest energy or to better utilize energy in an ef?cient manner. The present monograph, WOLEDs and Organic Photovoltaics – Recent Advances and Applications, focuses on a very important and timely subject of topical interest that deals with the more ef?cient use of energy through white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) for solid-state lighting and the development of clean sources of renewable energy through the harvesting of light energy for conversion into electrical energy in organic photovoltaics. While LED solid-state lighting and photovoltaics have been dominated by inorganic semiconductor materials and silicon-based solar cells, there have been growing interests in the development of WOLEDs and organic photovoltaics.
Author: Xiaomei Ding
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Molecular design and synthesis play critical roles in the development of organic semiconductors for organic photovoltaics (OPVs). This dissertation describes the design, synthesis, and characterization of three classes of organic semiconductors for OPVs: p-type semiconducting polymers, n-type semiconducting polymers, and non-fullerene small molecule acceptors. The relative merits of alternative building blocks and design strategies for organic semiconductors are investigated. Complex factors governing the underlying structure-property-processing-performance relationships are discussed in detail. The fundamentals of organic semiconductors and organic solar cells, state-of-the-art materials and devices, and challenges in the design and synthesis of materials are reviewed in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 discusses the strategy of selenophene substitution as a potential method to improve photovoltaic performance of the regular thiophene-based p-type semiconducting polymers. New selenophene-containing polymers were synthesized based on a widely used polymer, PBDB-T, where the original thiophene units at various side chain and backbone positions were substituted with selenophene. This study revealed the intramolecular and intermolecular interactions related with selenophene substitution, thus provided important guidelines in designing selenophene-containing polymers. Chapter 3 presents a comparative study of the alternating naphthalene diimide-thiophene copolymer, PNDIT-hd, and naphthalene diimide-selenophene copolymer, PNDIS-hd. The effects of selenophene substitution on the intrinsic and photovoltaic blend properties of n-type semiconducting naphthalene diimide-arylene copolymers with simple donor−acceptor architecture were investigated. This study demonstrated multiple advantages of selenophene substitution including enhancing light harvesting, formation of favorable morphology, and reducing charge recombination losses in all-polymer solar cell devices. Towards enhancing the intrinsic stability of small molecule acceptors, novel tridecacyclic ladder structure was designed and realized via Friedlander condensation reactions. The tridecacyclic ladder molecule acceptors (LMAs) described in Chapter 4 combined good solubility with enhanced stabilities and high photovoltaic performance. One of the new LMAs, LTX-4Cl, demonstrated a high PCE of 11.5% with high fill factor of 0.75. This study also unraveled the significant impact of side chains and halogenations on the molecular packing characteristics of the LMAs and the resulted photovoltaic performance. Finally, the results of the above studies are summarized in Chapter 5 and an outlook is given for future development of organic semiconductors and the organic photovoltaic technology.
Author: Santosh K. Kurinec
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119407672
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 827
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Book Description
This book covers the recent advances in photovoltaics materials and their innovative applications. Many materials science problems are encountered in understanding existing solar cells and the development of more efficient, less costly, and more stable cells. This important and timely book provides a historical overview, but concentrates primarily on the exciting developments in the last decade. It includes organic and perovskite solar cells, photovoltaics in ferroelectric materials, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite, materials with improved photovoltaic efficiencies as well as the full range of semiconductor materials for solar-to-electricity conversion, from crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon to cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium sulfide selenides, dye sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, and environmentally-friendly copper zinc tin sulfide selenides.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 4
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Book Description
This CRADA will develop improved thin film organic solar cells using a new n-type semiconducting polymer. High efficiency photovoltaics (PVs) based on inorganic semiconductors have good efficiencies (up to 30%) but are extremely expensive to manufacture. Organic PV technology has the potential to overcome this problem through the use of high-throughput production methods like reel-to-reel printing on flexible substrates. Unfortunately, today's best organic PVs have only a few percent efficiency, a number that is insufficient for virtually all commercial applications. The limited choice of stable n-type (acceptor) organic semiconductor materials is one of the key factors that prevent the further improvement of organic PVs. TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) previously developed a new class of electron-deficient (n-type) conjugated polymers for use in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). During this project TDA in collaboration with the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) will incorporate these electron-deficient polymers into organic photovoltaics and investigate their performance. TDA Research, Inc. (TDA) is developing new materials and polymers to improve the performance of organic solar cells. Materials being developed at TDA include spin coated transparent conductors, charge injection layers, fullerene derivatives, electron-deficient polymers, and three-phase (fullerene/polythiophene/dye) active layer inks.
Author: Vivian W. W. Yam
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783642149368
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 240
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Book Description
A major global issue that the world is facing today is the upcoming depletion of fossil fuels and the energy crisis. In 1998, the global annual energy consumption was 12. 7 TW; of which 80% was generated from fossil fuels. This also translates into huge annual emissions of CO that leads to massive environmental problems, 2 particularly the global warming, which could be disastrous. Future global annual energy needs are also estimated to rise dramatically. A major challenge confronting the world is to ?nd an additional 14–20 TW by 2050 when our energy reserves based on fossil fuels are vanishing. The massive demand for energy would require materials and/or processes that would help to provide new sources of clean ren- able energy or to develop processes that would harvest energy or to better utilize energy in an ef?cient manner. The present monograph, WOLEDs and Organic Photovoltaics – Recent Advances and Applications, focuses on a very important and timely subject of topical interest that deals with the more ef?cient use of energy through white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) for solid-state lighting and the development of clean sources of renewable energy through the harvesting of light energy for conversion into electrical energy in organic photovoltaics. While LED solid-state lighting and photovoltaics have been dominated by inorganic semiconductor materials and silicon-based solar cells, there have been growing interests in the development of WOLEDs and organic photovoltaics.
Author: Wallace C.H. Choy
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1447148231
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 268
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Book Description
Organic solar cells have emerged as new promising photovoltaic devices due to their potential applications in large area, printable and flexible solar panels. Organic Solar Cells: Materials and Device Physics offers an updated review on the topics covering the synthesis, properties and applications of new materials for various critical roles in devices from electrodes, interface and carrier transport materials, to the active layer composed of donors and acceptors. Addressing the important device physics issues of carrier and exciton dynamics and interface stability and novel light trapping structures, the potential for hybrid organic solar cells to provide high efficiency solar cells is examined and discussed in detail. Specific chapters covers key areas including: Latest research and designs for highly effective polymer donors/acceptors and interface materials Synthesis and application of highly transparent and conductive graphene Exciton and charge dynamics for in-depth understanding of the mechanism underlying organic solar cells. New potentials and emerging functionalities of plasmonic effects in OSCs Interface Degradation Mechanisms in organic photovoltaics improving the entire device lifetime Device architecture and operation mechanism of organic/ inorganic hybrid solar cells for next generation of high performance photovoltaics This reference can be practically and theoretically applied by senior undergraduates, postgraduates, engineers, scientists, researchers, and project managers with some fundamental knowledge in organic and inorganic semiconductor materials or devices.
Author: Yang Yang
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3662455099
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 421
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Book Description
This book presents an important technique to process organic photovoltaic devices. The basics, materials aspects and manufacturing of photovoltaic devices with solution processing are explained. Solution processable organic solar cells - polymer or solution processable small molecules - have the potential to significantly reduce the costs for solar electricity and energy payback time due to the low material costs for the cells, low cost and fast fabrication processes (ambient, roll-to-roll), high material utilization etc. In addition, organic photovoltaics (OPV) also provides attractive properties like flexibility, colorful displays and transparency which could open new market opportunities. The material and device innovations lead to improved efficiency by 8% for organic photovoltaic solar cells, compared to 4% in 2005. Both academic and industry research have significant interest in the development of this technology. This book gives an overview of the booming technology, focusing on the solution process for organic solar cells and provides a state-of-the-art report of the latest developments. World class experts cover fundamental, materials, devices and manufacturing technology of OPV technology.
Author: Christoph Brabec
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 3527656936
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 766
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Book Description
The versatility of organic photovoltaics is already well known and this completely revised, updated, and enlarged edition of a classic provides an up-to-date overview of this hot topic. The proven structure of the successful first edition, divided into the three key aspects of successful device design: materials, device physics, and manufacturing technologies, has been retained. Important aspects such as printing technologies, substrates, and electrode systems are covered. The result is a balanced, comprehensive text on the fundamentals as well as the latest results in the area that will set R&D trends for years to come. With its combination of both academic and commercial technological views, this is an optimal source of information for scientists, engineers, and graduate students already actively working in this field, and looking for comprehensive summaries on specific topics.
