Author: Union internationale pour l'étude scientifique de la population
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Author: Georges Photios Tapinos
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 9780198292104
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 280

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Book Description
Contains a collection of papers on the impact of economic fluctuations on mortality, fertility and labour markets in Latin America during the 1980s.

Author: Moustafa Kamel Sayed
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arab countries
Languages : en
Pages : 506

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Structural adjustment (Economic policy)
Languages : en
Pages : 52

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Author: Samuel A. Morley
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 250

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6. Determinants of changes in poverty

Author: Rafael Rofman
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 1464816050
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 185

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Book Description
Latin American countries are in the midst of a demographic transition and, as a consequence, a population-aging process. Over the next few decades, the number of children will decline relative to the number of older adults. Population aging is the result of a slow but sustained reduction in mortality rates, given increases in life expectancy and fertility. These trends reflect welcome long-term improvements in welfare and in economic and social development. But this process also entails policy challenges: many public institutions—including education, health, and pension systems and labor market regulations—are designed for a different demographic context and will need to be adapted. When We’re Sixty-Four discusses public policies aimed at overcoming the two main challenges facing Latin American countries concerning the changing demographics. On one hand, older populations demand more fiscal resources for social services, such as health, long-term care, and pensions. On the other, population aging produces shifts in the proportion of the population that is working age, which may affect long-term economic growth. Aging societies risk losing dynamism, being exposed to higher dependency rates, and experiencing lower savings rates. Nonetheless, in the interim, Latin American countries have a demographic opportunity: a temporary decline in dependency rates creates a period in which the share of the working-age population, with its associated saving capacity, is at its highest levels. This constitutes a great opportunity in the short term because the higher savings may result in increases in capital endowment per worker and productivity. For that to happen, it is necessary to generate institutional, financial, and fiscal conditions that promote larger savings and investment, accelerating per capita economic growth in a sustainable way.

Author: Hubert Escaith
Publisher: Naciones Unidas, CEPAL
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 52

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This paper presents an evaluation of the impact of trade and capital account liberalisation in 17 countries during the period 1970-1996. It shows that growth was responsive to investment in both physical and human capital and there was a link between education and capital formation. However in aggregate the reforms did not have a significant direct impact on the growth rate because individual components of reform had offsetting effects. In addition the speed of reform was important, the faster the pace the slower the growth. It seems that the impact of macroeconomic or investment variables was more homogeneous than structural reform..s.

Author: Viel Vicuña Viel V.
Publisher: Halsted Press
ISBN:
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 272

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Book Description
Study of problems of population growth, with particular reference to the implications of high birth rate for Latin America - examines demographic aspects, social problems and social theories, family planning and birth control rates according to educational level and the impact of religion thereon, poverty, health service implications, nutrition, etc., and analyses the economic implications and social implications of population increase. Bibliography pp. 235 to 241 and statistical tables.

Author: William C. Smith
Publisher: University of Miami, North/South Center Press
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 286

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Book Description
While regime transition and market-oriented reforms in Latin America have been the subjects of considerable academic research, most scholars have paid relatively little attention to the social impacts of economic restructuring. In contrast, this book contributes a systematic analysis of the impact of economic liberalism on Latin America's social and political life. The authors offer innovative theoretical and comparative explorations of changes in the social structure, as well as evolving patterns of social and political organization, including social movements, political parties, labor unions, and non-governmental organizations. This volume is an invaluable resource for all those concerned with the far-reaching consequences of economic and political transformation in Latin America.

Author: Paul Glewwe
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 64

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Book Description
This paper provides a general overview of the effects of structural adjustment programs on the poor. It turns to a specific country setting, Peru, as a means of illustrating the discussion. The depth of Peru's economic problems makes it likely that the Peruvian economy will have to undergo major adjustments in the near future. Among the options policy makers will consider are : realignment of the various exchange rates, trade liberalization, removal of price distortions, and reduction of government expenditures. The analysis presented here shows how household level data can be used to assess the effect of various policy options on the welfare of the poor. Several facts suggest that correcting many of the distortions affecting Peru's agricultural sector may not directly harm the poor. For Peru's urban sector, the case is more complicated. If food subsidies and taxes were dropped, the net (immediate) effect may well be favorable as the prices of wheat and wheat products, a major staple, would decline substantially. Other government programs, including those related to health and education, could be changed in ways that would benefit the poor, and in some cases, reduce overall public sector expenditures.