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Author: Bernd Fitzenberger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
It is often noted that employment rates of females have been rising during the last decades. However, in contrast to men, women are often part-time employed and the allocation of working time over the life-cycle is linked to family formation. In addition, employment rates may differ across skill groups and countries due to differences in incentives to work and in labor market attachment. This paper analyzes empirically macroeconomic trends and life-cycle profiles in full-time and part-time employment of different skill groups of women in the UK and West Germany. The analysis is based on large cross{sectional data sets for a time period of 20 years. We find that patterns of part-time and full-time employment are surprisingly different across skill groups and countries. In particular, the life-cycle patterns are such that full-time employment declines and part-time employment increases with age in both countries. Time trends do not change in a monotonous way across skill groups and they differ by country. There is almost no evidence for a positive time trend in part-time employment thus the strong increase in part-time rates in both countries can mainly be attributed to composition effects. Our findings are based on an empirical model taking the effects of time, age, and birth cohort membership simultaneously into account.
Author: Bernd Fitzenberger
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
It is often noted that employment rates of females have been rising during the last decades. However, in contrast to men, women are often part-time employed and the allocation of working time over the life-cycle is linked to family formation. In addition, employment rates may differ across skill groups and countries due to differences in incentives to work and in labor market attachment. This paper analyzes empirically macroeconomic trends and life-cycle profiles in full-time and part-time employment of different skill groups of women in the UK and West Germany. The analysis is based on large cross{sectional data sets for a time period of 20 years. We find that patterns of part-time and full-time employment are surprisingly different across skill groups and countries. In particular, the life-cycle patterns are such that full-time employment declines and part-time employment increases with age in both countries. Time trends do not change in a monotonous way across skill groups and they differ by country. There is almost no evidence for a positive time trend in part-time employment thus the strong increase in part-time rates in both countries can mainly be attributed to composition effects. Our findings are based on an empirical model taking the effects of time, age, and birth cohort membership simultaneously into account.
Author: Sebastien Norbert Buttet
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 156
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Women
Languages : en
Pages : 464
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Book Description
Author: Claudia Goldin
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022653264X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 326
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Book Description
Today, more American women than ever before stay in the workforce into their sixties and seventies. This trend emerged in the 1980s, and has persisted during the past three decades, despite substantial changes in macroeconomic conditions. Why is this so? Today’s older American women work full-time jobs at greater rates than women in other developed countries. In Women Working Longer, editors Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz assemble new research that presents fresh insights on the phenomenon of working longer. Their findings suggest that education and work experience earlier in life are connected to women’s later-in-life work. Other contributors to the volume investigate additional factors that may play a role in late-life labor supply, such as marital disruption, household finances, and access to retirement benefits. A pioneering study of recent trends in older women’s labor force participation, this collection offers insights valuable to a wide array of social scientists, employers, and policy makers.
Author: Patricia F. Apps
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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In this paper we compare gender differences in the allocation of time to market work, domestic work, child care, and leisure over the life cycle. Time-use profiles for these activity categories are constructed on survey data for three countries: Australia, the UK, and Germany. We discuss the extent to which gender differences and life-cycle variation in time use can be explained by public policy, focusing on the tax treatment of the female partner and on access to high-quality, affordable child care. Profiles of time use, earnings, and taxes are compared over the life cycle defined on age as well as on phases that represent the key transitions in the life cycle of a typical household. Our contention is that, given the decision to have children, life-cycle time use and consumption decisions of households are determined by them and by public policy. Before children arrive, the adult members of the household have high labour supplies and plenty of leisure. The presence of pre-school children, in combination with the tax treatment of the second earner`s income and the cost of bought-in child care, dramatically change the pattern of time use, leading to large falls in female labour supply. We also highlight the fact that, in the three countries we study, female labour supply exhibits a very high degree of heterogeneity after the arrival of children, and we show that this has important implications for public policy.
Author: Janet Zollinger Giele
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080545149
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 357
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Book Description
Changing Life Patterns in Western Industrial Societies
Author: Ursula Barry
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Labor
Languages : en
Pages : 162
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Author: United States. National Commission for Manpower Policy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Government publications
Languages : en
Pages : 352
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Book Description
This report contains proceedings of a 1978 conference on women's changing roles, based on data collected from a national longitudinal survey (begun in 1967 and still continuing) of 5,000 women aged 30-44. The keynote address was presented by Secretary of Labor Raymond Marshall, who noted the need for research to influence government policy. Papers delivered during the conference focused on four areas: (1) information available from the national longitudinal survey; (2) work and family roles--conflict and resolution, including sex-role attitudes and employment among women, women's employment, income, and family dissolution, and the economic consequences of marital dissolution; (3) how women fare in the labor market; and (4) how sociological research can be used by policymakers in government. A summary of conference proceedings and themes by Isabel V. Sawhill is included. Appendixes contain the conference agenda and a list of conference participants and attendees. (KC).
Author: OECD
Publisher: OECD Publishing
ISBN: 9264090045
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
What does it mean for education that our societies are increasingly diverse? How is global economic power shifting towards new countries? In what ways are working patterns changing? Trends Shaping Education 2010 brings together international ...
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Women
Languages : en
Pages : 354
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Book Description
