The Cardiovascular and Metabolic Effects of High-intensity Interval Training with and Without High-altitude Simulation and Either with and Without High-concentration Oxygen Recovery Assistance PDF Download
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Author: Frank Wojan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355299335
Category : Kinesiology
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Purpose: The study investigated the acute responses of altitude (Denver, CO) simulation during high intensity interval training and the subsequent supplementation of oxygen to facilitate greater recovery. Lacking literature on the subject matter is a major consideration for completion of the study. We hypothesize that oxygen supplementation during an acute bout of high intensity interval training with accompanying altitude will allow for greater recovery. Methods: Seven healthy cyclists aged 40.9 +/- 7.01 (Height: 68.4 +/- 4.98: Weight: 171.3 +/- 33.29: 19.3% +/-7.41%: VO2 Max L/min 4.12 +/- 1.17) performed baseline VO2max testing and three subsequent separate randomized trials consisting of three HIIT and recovery intervals with varying conditions. Session A: altitude intervals / supplemental oxygen recovery. Session B: sea level HIIT / sea level recovery. Session C: altitude HIIT / sea level recovery. Trial intensity will be established by cardiac output prediction and set at 75% HIIT and 50% recovery in watts. Results: Supplemental oxygen following HIIT elicited significant responses in HR (p
Author: Frank Wojan
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780355299335
Category : Kinesiology
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Purpose: The study investigated the acute responses of altitude (Denver, CO) simulation during high intensity interval training and the subsequent supplementation of oxygen to facilitate greater recovery. Lacking literature on the subject matter is a major consideration for completion of the study. We hypothesize that oxygen supplementation during an acute bout of high intensity interval training with accompanying altitude will allow for greater recovery. Methods: Seven healthy cyclists aged 40.9 +/- 7.01 (Height: 68.4 +/- 4.98: Weight: 171.3 +/- 33.29: 19.3% +/-7.41%: VO2 Max L/min 4.12 +/- 1.17) performed baseline VO2max testing and three subsequent separate randomized trials consisting of three HIIT and recovery intervals with varying conditions. Session A: altitude intervals / supplemental oxygen recovery. Session B: sea level HIIT / sea level recovery. Session C: altitude HIIT / sea level recovery. Trial intensity will be established by cardiac output prediction and set at 75% HIIT and 50% recovery in watts. Results: Supplemental oxygen following HIIT elicited significant responses in HR (p
Author: Olivier Girard
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889454061
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 169
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Book Description
In the past, ‘traditional’ moderate-intensity continuous training (60-75% peak heart rate) was the type of physical activity most frequently recommended for both athletes and clinical populations (cf. American College of Sports Medicine guidelines). However, growing evidence indicates that high-intensity interval training (80-100% peak heart rate) could actually be associated with larger cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic function benefits and, thereby, physical performance gains for athletes. Similarly, recent data in obese and hypertensive individuals indicate that various mechanisms – further improvement in endothelial function, reductions in sympathetic neural activity, or in arterial stiffness – might be involved in the larger cardiovascular protective effects associated with training at high exercise intensities. Concerning hypoxic training, similar trends have been observed from ‘traditional’ prolonged altitude sojourns (‘Live High Train High’ or ‘Live High Train Low’), which result in increased hemoglobin mass and blood carrying capacity. Recent innovative ‘Live Low Train High’ methods (‘Resistance Training in Hypoxia’ or ‘Repeated Sprint Training in Hypoxia’) have resulted in peripheral adaptations, such as hypertrophy or delay in muscle fatigue. Other interventions inducing peripheral hypoxia, such as vascular occlusion during endurance/resistance training or remote ischemic preconditioning (i.e. succession of ischemia/reperfusion episodes), have been proposed as methods for improving subsequent exercise performance or altitude tolerance (e.g. reduced severity of acute-mountain sickness symptoms). Postulated mechanisms behind these metabolic, neuro-humoral, hemodynamics, and systemic adaptations include stimulation of nitric oxide synthase, increase in anti-oxidant enzymes, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, although the amount of evidence is not yet significant enough. Improved O2 delivery/utilization conferred by hypoxic training interventions might also be effective in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, as well as contributing to improve exercise tolerance and health status of patients. For example, in obese subjects, combining exercise with hypoxic exposure enhances the negative energy balance, which further reduces weight and improves cardio-metabolic health. In hypertensive patients, the larger lowering of blood pressure through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and the associated compensatory vasodilation is taken to reflect the superiority of exercising in hypoxia compared to normoxia. A hypoxic stimulus, in addition to exercise at high vs. moderate intensity, has the potential to further ameliorate various aspects of the vascular function, as observed in healthy populations. This may have clinical implications for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Key open questions are therefore of interest for patients suffering from chronic vascular or cellular hypoxia (e.g. work-rest or ischemia/reperfusion intermittent pattern; exercise intensity; hypoxic severity and exposure duration; type of hypoxia (normobaric vs. hypobaric); health risks; magnitude and maintenance of the benefits). Outside any potential beneficial effects of exercising in O2-deprived environments, there may also be long-term adverse consequences of chronic intermittent severe hypoxia. Sleep apnea syndrome, for instance, leads to oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately systemic inflammation. Postulated pathophysiological changes associated with intermittent hypoxic exposure include alteration in baroreflex activity, increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and hematocrit, changes in heart structure and function, and an alteration in endothelial-dependent vasodilation in cerebral and muscular arteries. There is a need to explore the combination of exercising in hypoxia and association of hypertension, developmental defects, neuro-pathological and neuro-cognitive deficits, enhanced susceptibility to oxidative injury, and possibly increased myocardial and cerebral infarction in individuals sensitive to hypoxic stress. The aim of this Research Topic is to shed more light on the transcriptional, vascular, hemodynamics, neuro-humoral, and systemic consequences of training at high intensities under various hypoxic conditions.
Author: James Warren Salassi (III.)
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303796227
Category : Aerobic exercises
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Abstract: This study compared the acute cardiopulmonary and metabolic effects of four high-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols using varying intensities during the work and recovery periods. Eleven participants (5 males, 6 females) performed four, 20-minute HIIT protocols at a 1:1 "work:recovery" ratio on a cycle ergometer in random order. The work:recovery relative intensities, based upon previously determined maximum work rates, were: 80%:0%, 80%:50%, 100%:0%, and 100%:50%. Oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood lactate, and rating of perceived exertion were measured. Data were analyzed using a two-way, repeated measures ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05). Oxygen uptake and heart rate were expressed as a percentage of the peak values established during a prior graded exercise test. There were clear differences in physiological response between protocols. The 80:50 and 100:0 may produce the best combination of effects. The 100:50 produced the greatest physiological response, however, it may not be practical for the general population.
Author: Lei Xi
Publisher: Nova Science Pub Incorporated
ISBN: 9781622577101
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 615
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Book Description
In consolidation of the most updated experimental results and perspectives from diverse research fields on a main theme - Intermittent Hypoxia, this book encompasses the structural, physiological, pathophysiological, biochemical, genetic, metabolic, and therapeutic aspects of intermittent hypoxia and provides an open forum to promote the bench-to-bed translational implications of both adaptive (beneficial) and maladaptive (detrimental) responses to intermittent hypoxia in animals and humans. Authored by 74 leading scientists from 17 countries in Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceana, the 30 chapters are grouped under 7 different sections covering the profound effects of intermittent hypoxia particularly on cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, and skeletal muscular systems. Special attentions are paid to the protective or injurious roles played by intermittent hypoxia and their underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms in several major human diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, stroke, sleep apnea, and Parkinsons disease. Several chapters have also reviewed the use of intermittent hypoxia training for enhancing exercise performance in elite athletes. Overall, as endorsed by Professor John B. West (Member, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences of U.S.A.; Editor-in-Chief, High Altitude Medicine and Biology) through his Foreword for the book, this is the most comprehensive monograph to date on the topic of intermittent hypoxia, which can cause significant structural and functional impact on the systemic, organic, cellular and molecular processes of human physiology and pathophysiology. Hence, this book could serve as a thorough reference for research scientists, physicians, academic faculty, graduate and medical students, athletic coaches and trainers, who are interested in enhancing their knowledge about the past, present, and future of intermittent hypoxia research and its translational applications for prevention and treatment of major diseases and improving exercise performance.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
In the past, 'traditional' moderate-intensity continuous training (60-75% peak heart rate) was the type of physical activity most frequently recommended for both athletes and clinical populations (cf. American College of Sports Medicine guidelines). However, growing evidence indicates that high-intensity interval training (80-100% peak heart rate) could actually be associated with larger cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic function benefits and, thereby, physical performance gains for athletes. Similarly, recent data in obese and hypertensive individuals indicate that various mechanisms - further improvement in endothelial function, reductions in sympathetic neural activity, or in arterial stiffness - might be involved in the larger cardiovascular protective effects associated with training at high exercise intensities. Concerning hypoxic training, similar trends have been observed from 'traditional' prolonged altitude sojourns ('Live High Train High' or 'Live High Train Low'), which result in increased hemoglobin mass and blood carrying capacity. Recent innovative 'Live Low Train High' methods ('Resistance Training in Hypoxia' or 'Repeated Sprint Training in Hypoxia') have resulted in peripheral adaptations, such as hypertrophy or delay in muscle fatigue. Other interventions inducing peripheral hypoxia, such as vascular occlusion during endurance/resistance training or remote ischemic preconditioning (i.e. succession of ischemia/reperfusion episodes), have been proposed as methods for improving subsequent exercise performance or altitude tolerance (e.g. reduced severity of acute-mountain sickness symptoms). Postulated mechanisms behind these metabolic, neuro-humoral, hemodynamics, and systemic adaptations include stimulation of nitric oxide synthase, increase in anti-oxidant enzymes, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, although the amount of evidence is not yet significant enough. Improved O2 delivery/utilization conferred by hypoxic training interventions might also be effective in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, as well as contributing to improve exercise tolerance and health status of patients. For example, in obese subjects, combining exercise with hypoxic exposure enhances the negative energy balance, which further reduces weight and improves cardio-metabolic health. In hypertensive patients, the larger lowering of blood pressure through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and the associated compensatory vasodilation is taken to reflect the superiority of exercising in hypoxia compared to normoxia. A hypoxic stimulus, in addition to exercise at high vs. moderate intensity, has the potential to further ameliorate various aspects of the vascular function, as observed in healthy populations. This may have clinical implications for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Key open questions are therefore of interest for patients suffering from chronic vascular or cellular hypoxia (e.g. work-rest or ischemia/reperfusion intermittent pattern; exercise intensity; hypoxic severity and exposure duration; type of hypoxia (normobaric vs. hypobaric); health risks; magnitude and maintenance of the benefits). Outside any potential beneficial effects of exercising in O2-deprived environments, there may also be long-term adverse consequences of chronic intermittent severe hypoxia. Sleep apnea syndrome, for instance, leads to oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately systemic inflammation. Postulated pathophysiological changes associated with intermittent hypoxic exposure include alteration in baroreflex activity, increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and hematocrit, changes in heart structure and function, and an alteration in endothelial-dependent vasodilation in cerebral and muscular arteries. There is a need to explore the combination of exercising in hypoxia and association of hypertension, developmental defects, neuro-pathological and neuro-cognitive deficits, enhanced susceptibility to oxidative injury, and possibly increased myocardial and cerebral infarction in individuals sensitive to hypoxic stress. The aim of this Research Topic is to shed more light on the transcriptional, vascular, hemodynamics, neuro-humoral, and systemic consequences of training at high intensities under various hypoxic conditions.
Author: Sarah A. McGlinchy
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Energy metabolism
Languages : en
Pages : 67
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Book Description
Regular physical activity is recommended for the prevention of many chronic diseases and maintaining healthy body composition. Although the beneficial effects of regular exercise are well known and used to promote exercise videos, the claims made in many advertisements are often not validated. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of two different types of high intensity interval exercise protocols in respect to heart rate (HR) during exercise and recovery, pulmonary O2 uptake (VO2), CO2 output (VCO2), caloric expenditure (CE), and substrate utilization during recovery, and psychological impacts of exercise on feelings in trained individuals. METHODS: Healthy subjects (n=15,11 F, 4 M, 21.8 ± 0.83 yrs, ± SE) participated in this study. Subjects underwent two familiarization sessions prior to data collection where they completed either the Insanity® Plyometric Cardio Circuit (INS) or Turbo Fire® HIIT 30 (TF) exercises in a randomized order. The HR was measured at rest (30 min), during exercise and recovery (60 min) and expressed as % of age-predicted maximal HR (APMHR) and peak HR. Gas exchange was measured at rest and recovery. Responses of VO2, VCO2, RER were averaged at rest and five minute intervals during recovery. The caloric equivalent value for RER was used to find CE (kcal/min) at rest and corresponding five minute intervals during recovery. RESULTS: There was no difference (P>0.05) in peak HR (TF: 176.8 bpm, INS: 179.7 bpm). There was no difference (P>0.05) in % APMHR reached (TF: 89.4%, INS: 90.9%). There was no difference in the amount of time spent at 61-70% (TF: 510s, INS: 630s) and 71-80% APMHR (TF: 575s, INS: 517s), but there was more time spent at 81-90% APMHR (TF: 576.4s, INS: 995s). Six out of 15 subjects reached>91%APMHR in TF, and nine out of 15 subjects in INS. The HR was higher (P0.05) after INS (55min). The recovery HR was higher (P0.05) than resting HR after TF and INS (60min). Values of VO2 were higher (P
Author: Alison McConnell
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0702054550
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 403
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Book Description
Respiratory Muscle Training: theory and practice is the world’s first book to provide an "everything-you-need-to-know" guide to respiratory muscle training (RMT). Authored by an internationally-acclaimed expert, it is an evidence-based resource, built upon current scientific knowledge, as well as experience at the cutting-edge of respiratory training in a wide range of settings. The aim of the book is to give readers: 1) an introduction to respiratory physiology and exercise physiology, as well as training theory; 2) an understanding of how disease affects the respiratory muscles and the mechanics of breathing; 3) an insight into the disease-specific, evidence-based benefits of RMT; 4) advice on the application of RMT as a standalone treatment, and as part of a rehabilitation programme; and finally, 5) guidance on the application of functional training techniques to RMT. The book is divided into two parts – theory and practice. Part I provides readers with access to the theoretical building blocks that support practice. It explores the evidence base for RMT as well as the different methods of training respiratory muscles and their respective efficacy. Part II guides the reader through the practical implementation of the most widely validated form of RMT, namely inspiratory muscle resistance training. Finally, over 150 "Functional" RMT exercises are described, which incorporate a stability and/or postural challenge – and address specific movements that provoke dyspnoea. Respiratory Muscle Training: theory and practice is supported by a dedicated website (www.physiobreathe.com), which provides access to the latest information on RMT, as well as video clips of all exercises described in the book. Purchasers will also receive a three-month free trial of the Physiotec software platform (via www.physiotec.ca), which allows clinicians to create bespoke training programmes (including video clips) that can be printed or emailed to patients. Introductory overviews of respiratory and exercise physiology, as well as training theory Comprehensive, up-to-date review of respiratory muscle function, breathing mechanics and RMT Analysis of the interaction between disease and respiratory mechanics, as well as their independent and combined influence upon exercise tolerance Analysis of the rationale and application of RMT to over 20 clinical conditions, e.g., COPD, heart failure, obesity, mechanical ventilation Evidence-based guidance on the implementation of inspiratory muscle resistance training Over 150 functional exercises that incorporate a breathing challenge www.physiobreathe.com - access up-to-date information, video clips of exercises and a three-month free trial of Physiotec’s RMT exercise module (via www.physiotec.ca)
Author: Michael Makela
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
Cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease are a growing threat to the quality of life of the population. Exercise is a frontline approach to treat and prevent cardiometabolic disease and its associated risk factors. The majority of individuals, however, are physically inactive and fail to meet weekly physical activity guidelines primarily due to time-constraints. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time-efficient method of exercise for improving physical fitness and reducing cardiometabolic risk factors compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Recent research indicates that the number of repetitions and duration of high-intensity intervals can be reduced without attenuation of health benefits. This study recruited nine physically inactive but otherwise healthy participants (6 female, 3 male) which engaged in a 6 week reduced-exertion HIIT protocol. Participants were assessed before and after a 2 week run-in period, and again upon completion of the exercise protocol to assess the effect on predicted aerobic capacity (VO2max), resting heart rate (HR), resting blood pressure, heart rate variability (HRV), fasting blood glucose, peak power, mean power, body mass, and body fat %. Participants improved predicted VO2max F(2,16)=6.33, p=.009, peak power F(2,16)=10.84, p=.001, and mean power F(2,16)=20.87, p=.00006, but no changes were observed in body mass, body fat %, resting HR, resting blood pressure, resting HRV, and fasting blood glucose. In conclusion, a reduced-exertion HIIT protocol with minimal time-commitment improved predicted VO2max, peak power, and mean power and is a time-efficient alternative or adjunct method of exercise for eliciting health benefits in physically inactive individuals.
Author: Bryce J. Muth
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780438931954
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 107
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Book Description
Training compliance was 96% for both the MCT and HIIT groups. Both training programs resulted in significant increases in total exercise time (MCT: 727 ± 65 vs. 789 ± 66 seconds and HIIT: 659 ± 84 vs. 752 ± 77 seconds, p0.05) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) (MCT: 27.31 ± 2.54 vs. 28.71 ± 2.68 ml/kg/min and HIIT: 27.04 ± 3.15 vs. 30.60 ± 2.35 ml/kg/min, p
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ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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