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Author: Laurel A. Ayvazian
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arteries
Languages : en
Pages : 90
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Book Description
ABSTRACT: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Increased arterial stiffness is an additional, independent risk factor and may be important to identify in those who are already at increased risk. Exercise is an important component of diabetes self-management and has the potential to influence arterial stiffness. Aerobic exercise has consistently been associated with lower levels of arterial stiffness. While resistance exercise is important in regulating glycemic control and preventing sarcopenia in aging adults, some research indicates resistance exercise may increase stiffness. Women between the ages of 50 and 75 were recruited to participate in a healthy control (CON n= 10) or T2DM (n = 6) group. Subjects completed a full body, moderateintensity (60-85% 1 RM) resistance exercise protocol. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), radial pulse wave analysis (PWA), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and serum nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured pre- and postexercise, as well as after one hour of recovery. Additional PWA, BP, and HR measurements were taken 30 min postexercise. A significant (p
Author: Laurel A. Ayvazian
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Arteries
Languages : en
Pages : 90
Get Book Here
Book Description
ABSTRACT: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Increased arterial stiffness is an additional, independent risk factor and may be important to identify in those who are already at increased risk. Exercise is an important component of diabetes self-management and has the potential to influence arterial stiffness. Aerobic exercise has consistently been associated with lower levels of arterial stiffness. While resistance exercise is important in regulating glycemic control and preventing sarcopenia in aging adults, some research indicates resistance exercise may increase stiffness. Women between the ages of 50 and 75 were recruited to participate in a healthy control (CON n= 10) or T2DM (n = 6) group. Subjects completed a full body, moderateintensity (60-85% 1 RM) resistance exercise protocol. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), radial pulse wave analysis (PWA), blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and serum nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured pre- and postexercise, as well as after one hour of recovery. Additional PWA, BP, and HR measurements were taken 30 min postexercise. A significant (p
Author: Alexandra Cooke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
"With an increasing prevalence of cardiometabolic chronic diseases, there is a pressing need for effective and realistic strategies to help physicians support and engage their patients to achieve the health benefits of higher physical activity levels. Improved metrics for evaluating cardiovascular health in individuals with well-controlled risk factors are also needed, whether to examine the impact of an exercise program or to assess cardiovascular disease risk in a clinical setting. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity interventions integrated into clinical care, with a focus on the arterial health impact and physical activity behavior. The SMARTER randomized controlled trial demonstrated that a step count prescription strategy delivered by the treating physician has measurable effects on daily steps and metabolic health among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension. The work herein aimed to delineate factors that contributed to the effectiveness of the strategy and identify modifications for future implementation. Our qualitative analysis demonstrated that the strategy was feasibly integrated into clinical practice and successful in engaging most patients; however, additional support from other members of the health care team for maximal engagement and sustained use (Manuscript 1). Through group-based trajectory analysis we identified distinct step count patterns over time in response to the intervention (Manuscript 2). The trajectories were stratified as a function of initial step count levels, but the overall increase in steps/day was not restricted to either the more active or less active groups. T2DM and older age were associated with lower baseline values but were not indicators of likelihood of step count increases. Through a pilot randomized controlled trial, we demonstrated that an intradialytic pedaling exercise is a safe and effective modality for engaging individuals with chronic kidney disease in regular physical activity (Manuscript 3). Importantly, 4-months of pedaling exercise led to reductions in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), the gold-standard measure of arterial stiffness. The improvements were partially reversed 4 months after exercise discontinuation, emphasizing the need for maintenance of regular physical activity in this population. Individuals with T2DM are known to have an exaggerated blood pressure response to maximal exercise. The 'arterial stress test' which consists of measurements of arterial stiffness before and immediately after acute maximal exercise provided a useful model for examining the ability of the arteries to respond to increased demands. Our findings revealed that individuals with T2DM exhibit an altered arterial stiffness response to acute maximal exercise compared to individuals without T2DM, independently of resting arterial stiffness and the blood pressure post-exercise (Manuscript 4). Finally, we evaluated methodological considerations for the measurement of arterial stiffness and physical activity. We observed differences in ActiGraph-derived physical activity measures between waist and wrist accelerometer locations, but also important differences in their relationship with arterial stiffness (Manuscript 5). We also compared different approaches that have been adopted in the literature for assessing arterial stiffness using applanation tonometry and revealed clinically meaningful differences in the reported arterial stiffness value between methods (Manuscript 6). Taken together, these novel contributions will a) guide future research evaluating physical activity and cardiovascular health using modern methods such as accelerometry and applanation tonometry, and b) facilitate building refined and sustainable physical activity strategies to address the high levels of inactivity and elevated cardiovascular risk in individuals with hypertension, T2DM and CKD"--
Author: Anka Brozic
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780494389188
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 206
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Book Description
In patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) arterial stiffness, heart rate variability (HRV), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and hyperaemic calf blood flow were measured before and after 12 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training. Arterial stiffness and HRV were also measured after 20 minutes of moderate, aerobic exercise pre and post exercise training. A single acute bout of aerobic exercise results in significantly elevated central arterial stiffness both before and after 12 weeks of training whereas AAI is reduced prior to training only. After 12 weeks of training, significant improvements were found in: C-F PWV (p=0.026); augmentation index (p= 0.005); peak oxygen uptake (p=.002) fasting plasma glucose (p=0.041), abdominal circumference (p=0.001), BMI (p=0.004) and body fat (p=0.032). Improvements in arterial stiffness were not associated with any change in anthropometric measurements, aerobic fitness, hs-CRP or indices of heart rate variability.
Author: Joshua McGee
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 128
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Book Description
Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD mortality, and type 2 diabetes. Arterial stiffness and autonomic dysfunction are independent predictors of CVD and type 2 diabetes. Moreover, African Americans (AA) have a disproportionate prevalence of elevated arterial stiffness compared to Caucasians. Obese individuals have a greater prevalence of diminished autonomic nervous system activity compared to lean individuals. Despite evidence of aerobic exercise training benefiting arterial stiffness and autonomic dysfunction in the general population, optimal intensity and volume for AAs and obese individuals remain unclear. The purpose of this dissertation was to determine whether high-intensity aerobic exercise training improved arterial stiffness and aortic compliance to a greater degree than moderate intensity in obese AAs (study 1), if clinically significant weight loss from a combined hypocaloric diet and aerobic exercise intervention increases heart rate variability (HRV) in obese adults and to evaluate the impact of aerobic exercise volume on HRV during weight maintenance (study 2). Arterial stiffness or aortic compliance did not improve in response to 24 weeks of moderate- or high-intensity, supervised aerobic exercise training at a volume consistent with public health guidelines. However, both groups significantly increased cardiorespiratory fitness compared to the control group. In addition, we observed an inverse relationship between changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and aortic compliance. The results from this study suggest AAs may require greater volumes of weekly aerobic exercise than recommended for the general population to improve arterial stiffness. The 10-week, combined intervention improved major HRV indices of parasympathetic activity. The changes in parasympathetic activity were inversely associated with fasting insulin concentrations. Both groups retained all HRV benefits over the 18-week maintenance phase. The results from this study suggest weight loss via energy restriction and exercise alter autonomic function, leading to improved sympathovagal balance in obese adults, also exercise volumes consistent with physical activity guidelines maintains improvements in autonomic function from weight loss. Collectively, the results of this dissertation provide valuable public health insight for health professionals prescribing aerobic exercise to improve predictors of CVD and type 2 diabetes, specifically arterial stiffness, aortic compliance, and autonomic dysfunction in at-risk, obese adults.
Author: Taylor J. Kane
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 96
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Book Description
ABSTRACT: Elevated arterial stiffness has been recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has been associated with long-term worse clinical outcomes in several populations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of gender and time following one acute bout of moderate intensity resistance exercise on arterial stiffness in college-aged men and women. A total of 26 men (n = 14) and women (n = 12) completed three sessions: screening, familiarization, and testing in the order they are listed. There were no changes in pulse wave velocity or augmentation index in either men or women across time. Men did have significantly higher systolic blood pressure at baseline (p = .00, d =1.4), immediately post exercise (p = .01, d = 1.0) and 30 minutes post exercise (p = .04, d = .08) relative to women. Men also had significantly higher heart rates immediately post exercise (p = .02, d = 0.9) and 30 minutes post exercise (p = .04, p = 0.9) when compared to women. The lack of change in parameters of arterial stiffness suggest moderate intensity exercise does not increase arterial stiffness in college-aged adults.
Author: Thomas R. Black
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atherosclerosis
Languages : en
Pages : 226
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Book Description
Abstract: The investigation was designed to determine the effect of moderate and high intensity resistance exercise (RE) on arterial stiffness (AS) . Subjects consisted of young healthy males who regularly resistance trained (N = 12) Each subject completed both the moderate and high intensity bouts in a randomized order. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was used to estimate AS and was measured at baseline, 10 mm post, 20 mm post, and 30 mm post. Heart rate (HR) was measured during each bout to serve as a marker of sympathetic nervous system activity. A total body RE workout was completed during each bout and consisted of four free weight exercises. Significant increases (p
Author: Beatrice Morio
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128117524
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Book Description
Mitochondria in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Comprehensive Review on Mitochondrial Functioning and Involvement in Metabolic Diseases synthesizes discoveries from laboratories around the world, enhancing our understanding of the involvement of mitochondria in the etiology of diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Chapters illustrate and provide an overview of key concepts on topics such as the role of mitochondria in adipose tissue, cancer, cardiovascular comorbidities, skeletal muscle, the liver, kidney, and more. This book is a must-have reference for students and educational teams in biology, physiology and medicine, and researchers.
Author: Samy I. McFarlane
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1603273573
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 196
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Book Description
Diabetes and hypertension have evolved as two of the modern day epidemics affecting millions of people around the world. These two common co-morbidities lead to substantial increase in cardiovascular disease, the major cause of morbidity and mortality of adults around the world. In Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management, a panel of renowned experts address a range of critical topics -- from basic concepts in evaluation and management of diabetes and hypertension, such as dietary interventions, to evaluation and management of secondary hypertension in clinical practice. Other chapters focus on high cardiovascular risk populations such as those with coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease and minority patients. In addition, evolving concepts and new developments in the field are presented in other chapters, such as prevention of type 2 diabetes and the epidemic of sleep apnea and its implication for diabetes and hypertension evaluation and management. An important title covering two of the most troubling disorders of our time, Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management will provide the busy practitioner with cutting edge knowledge in the field as well as practical information that can translate into better care provided to the high-risk population of diabetics and hypertensive patients.
Author: Hideyuki Hasegawa
Publisher: MDPI
ISBN: 3038971278
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 185
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Book Description
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Ultrafast Ultrasound Imaging" that was published in Applied Sciences
Author: Michel Safar
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN: 0444517588
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 618
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Book Description
Main headings: I. Basic concepts of pulsatile arterial hemodynamics. - II. Pathophysiological mechanisms. - III. Arterial stiffness, wave reflections, cardiovascular risk and end-organ damage. - IV. Clinical aspects of arterial stiffness and wave reflections. - V. Therapeutic aspects of arterial stiffness and wave reflections.
