The Acute Effects of Air Blast on Pulmonary Funcion in Dogs and Sheep PDF Download
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Author: Damon Edward G.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atomic bomb
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Pulmonary function tests were conducted before and after exposure of animals to air blasts produced in shock tubes or by high explosives. Pressure- time measurements were made with piezoelectric pressure transducers during each air-blast exposure. Blood samples were obtained without anesthesia from an indwelling arterial catheter. The blood PO2, PCO2, and pH and the end-tidal and mixed expired CO2, O2, and N2 gas concentrations were measured for subjects breathing air and oxygen. There were increases in the alveolar-arterial O2 differences and venous admixture which generally correlated with the extent of blast-induced lung damage. The threshold for lung injury resulting in increased venous admixture in sheep was about 20 psi for reflected overpressures of 'long' duration. Pressures above 43 psi usually caused severe lung damage in which the venous-arterial shunt exceeded 30 percent of the cardiac output, a condition in which the arterial oxygen tension was below the level required for full saturation of the hemoglobin even with animals breathing pure oxygen.
Author: Damon Edward G.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atomic bomb
Languages : en
Pages : 60
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Book Description
Pulmonary function tests were conducted before and after exposure of animals to air blasts produced in shock tubes or by high explosives. Pressure- time measurements were made with piezoelectric pressure transducers during each air-blast exposure. Blood samples were obtained without anesthesia from an indwelling arterial catheter. The blood PO2, PCO2, and pH and the end-tidal and mixed expired CO2, O2, and N2 gas concentrations were measured for subjects breathing air and oxygen. There were increases in the alveolar-arterial O2 differences and venous admixture which generally correlated with the extent of blast-induced lung damage. The threshold for lung injury resulting in increased venous admixture in sheep was about 20 psi for reflected overpressures of 'long' duration. Pressures above 43 psi usually caused severe lung damage in which the venous-arterial shunt exceeded 30 percent of the cardiac output, a condition in which the arterial oxygen tension was below the level required for full saturation of the hemoglobin even with animals breathing pure oxygen.
Author: John T. Yelverton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atomic bomb
Languages : en
Pages : 42
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Book Description
The changes in pulmonary function that result following unilateral exposure to LD50 doses of neutron-gamma irradiation and/or sublethal blast overpressures were investigated in sheep. Animals exposed to blast-only and radiation-plus-blast demonstrated large increments in venous admixture on the day of insult followed by a major recovery toward baseline values during the first 24 hours following injury. The venous admixture of the blast-only animals approached baseline 7 days after exposure but that of the radiation-plus-blast sheep did not return to baseline until 21 days. The sheep exposed to radiation-only, blast-only, and radiation-plus-blast sustained similar reduction in means carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) which were below that of the control mean at 2 days and 7 days post exposure. All of the radiation-only and radiation-plus-blast sheep that survived to or beyond 21 days displayed an overshoot or recovery to their individual baseline DLCO values. The blast-only and radiation-plus-blast animals also exhibited an increased mean ineffective alveolar ventilation (VAIneff) which persisted from 1 to 14 days following the onset of trauma. The radiation-only sheep had an increased VAIneff from 2 through 7 days post exposure. (Author).
Author:
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ISBN:
Category : Nuclear energy
Languages : en
Pages : 1202
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 300
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Author: Damon Edward G.
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Atomic bomb
Languages : en
Pages : 32
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Book Description
The pattern of recovery of the respiratory system from blast injury was investigated in sheep exposed to overpressures in a shock tube. Measurements of the pH and blood gas tensions, determinations of the venous- admixture (Qs/Q) and the alveolararterial oxygen gradient (A-a)O2 were conducted before and at intervals up to 132 days following injury. There was an immediate marked increase in Qs/Q, reduction in PaO2, and a moderate increase in (A-a)O2, with very little change in the pH or PCO2 of the arterial blood. The greatest recovery was evident within 24 hours with further gradual improvement seen 2, 7, 14, and 21 days after exposure. After the 21st day, most of the animals exhibited virtual complete recovery of the functional efficiency of the pulmonary system as tested at rest.
Author: Nabil M. Elsayed Ph.D.
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0080878024
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 397
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Book Description
Explosion and Blast-Related Injuries is an authoritative text that brings together diverse knowledge gained from both the experience of clinicians treating blast casualties and the insights of scientists obtained from research and modeling of blast exposures. By providing information on explosion and blast injury patterns, as well as the mechanism of blast-induced injuries, it is a useful reference for both physicians and researchers. With contributions by experts from around the globe, the book covers topics such as the epidemiology of blast and explosion injury, pathology and pathophysiology, and the modeling and mechanism of injury. Finally, this book might stimulate additional studies into ways to improve our current mass casualty response systems.* Contains contributions from experts who had first hand experience dealing with explosion and blast injuries. * Provides a diverse global experience derived from both military operations and terrorist attacks in civilian settings from the US, Europe and the Middle East. * Covers such topics as epidemiology of blast and explosion injury, pathology and pathophysiology, modeling and mechanism of injury, and finally presents the global experiences of blast injury and mass casualty management.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 576
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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 1040
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Author: John Francis Hecker
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 236
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Book Description
Introduction; Anatomy; Physiology and genetics; Behaviour; Breeds and sypply of sheep; Management of experimental sheep; Sampling and recording; Diseases and parasites.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Explosions
Languages : en
Pages : 572
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Book Description
