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Author: James Levinsohn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Competition, Imperfect
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
It has long been believed that international competition forces domestic firms to behave more competitively. I term this the imports-as--market-discipline hypothesis. I construct a simple static oligopoly model and estimate the model using panel data from Turkish manufacturing firms. The data span the course of a dramatic trade liberalization. Looking for changes in price-marginal cost markups as trade policy shifts, I test the imports-as-market discipline hypothesis. In all five industries to which the hypothesis is relevant, markups change in the direction predicted by the theory. These changes are statistically significant in all but one of the five industries.
Author: James Levinsohn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Competition, Imperfect
Languages : en
Pages : 48
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Book Description
It has long been believed that international competition forces domestic firms to behave more competitively. I term this the imports-as--market-discipline hypothesis. I construct a simple static oligopoly model and estimate the model using panel data from Turkish manufacturing firms. The data span the course of a dramatic trade liberalization. Looking for changes in price-marginal cost markups as trade policy shifts, I test the imports-as-market discipline hypothesis. In all five industries to which the hypothesis is relevant, markups change in the direction predicted by the theory. These changes are statistically significant in all but one of the five industries.
Author: James Levinsohn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 23
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Book Description
Author: James Levinsohn
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Free trade
Languages : en
Pages : 18
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Book Description
Author: Bernard M. Hoekman
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN:
Category : Antitrust law
Languages : en
Pages : 36
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Book Description
Since the early 1990s numerous countries have adopted or strengthened competition legislation. Kee and Hoekman investigate the impact of competition law on industry markups over time and across a large number of countries. They find both domestic and foreign competition to be major sources of market discipline in concentrated markets, but that the direct effect of competition law is insignificant. However, once allowance is made for the endogeneity of both domestic competiton (number of firms) and the adoption of a competition law, the authors find that competition laws have an indirect effect on equilibrium markups by promoting a larger number of domestic firms. This paper--a product of Trade, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to study the links between trade and competition policies.
Author: Antonio Cucinotta
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN: 9781843767039
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
This work offers a critical evaluation of the Chicago approach to antitrust. The authors discuss the economic foundations of competition policy and the different ways in which both American and European competition law does - or does not - take account of economic insights.
Author: Maurice D. Levi
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135975183
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 1159
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Book Description
The fifth edition of Maurice D. Levi’s classic textbook has been updated to incorporate the massive changes in the world of international finance of the past few years. In particular, the emergence of new markets is given broad coverage – particularly the rise to financial prominence of China and India and other growth economies in Asia and elsewhere. Key features of the book include: the impact of globalization and the greater connectedness of national economies and the world economy as a whole probably the best introduction to exchange rates available and how they directly impact upon firms as well as governments the continued massive impact of multinational corporations on the global financial scene as well as the opportunities presented by e-commerce. The material is interlaced with a wealth of supplementary material including real world case studies, review questions, examples and objectives. The result is the most authoritative survey of international finance currently available. Thoroughly updated and with a large amount of new information, this text will prove an indispensable guide to the inner workings of international finance to students of economics and business as well as professionals in the finance industry.
Author: World Bank
Publisher: World Bank Publications
ISBN: 9780821332856
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 108
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Book Description
Abstract: This year's study focuses on the effects of globalization on developing countries and the growing divide between fast and slow-integrating economies. The pace of global economic integration continues to accelerate dramatically. In the ten years from 1985 to 1994, the ratio of world trade to GDP rose three times faster than during the previous decade. During this same ten-year period, foreign direct investment (FDI) doubled as a share of global GDP. Developing countries also participated extensively in the acceleration of global integration. A closer look, however, reveals sharp disparities between countries. Though developing countries in the aggregate kept pace with the world rate of trade integration, the ratio of trade to GDP actually fell in some 44 out of 93 developing countries in the last ten years. There were similar disparities in the distribution of FDI: two-thirds of total FDI went to just eight developing countries; half received little or none. This trend is likely to continue. Projections indicate that trade and investment will accelerate in those countries which open up to the global economy, and stay stagnant in those that do not. At the same time, there has never been a better time for developing countries to integrate. Projected generally favorable conditions in the global economy, including stable energy prices, low interest rates and inflation, and improved communications and transportation technology, have created an environment conducive to market liberalization. Moreover, traditional obstacles to developing country integration, such as high tariff barriers, are falling rapidly. Many developing countries in every part of the world have successfully pursued policies of greater openness to the global economy, and there is much to learn from their experience. The report documents the evidence, provides case study analyses, and makes recommendations about best-practice approaches to market liberalization, especially in the areas of trade and commodities. For many developing countries, successful globalization depends on fundamental economic reform, requiring difficult policy decisions that often lead to real short-term dislocation. These costs must be acknowledged from the outset, and the effects carefully taken into account in the design of the programs. But the costs are manageable. In fact, openness to external trade and investment is often the necessary first step to solid, sustainable economic development.
Author: Douglas A. Irwin
Publisher: Princeton University Press
ISBN: 0691166250
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 368
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Book Description
Growing international trade has helped lift living standards around the world, and yet free trade is always under attack. Critics complain that trade forces painful economic adjustments, such as plant closings and layoffs of workers, and charge that the World Trade Organization serves the interests of corporations, undercuts domestic environmental regulations, and erodes America's sovereignty. Why has global trade—and trade agreements such as NAFTA—become so controversial? Does free trade deserve its bad reputation? In Free Trade under Fire, Douglas Irwin sweeps aside the misconceptions that litter the debate over trade and gives the reader a clear understanding of the issues involved. This fourth edition has been thoroughly updated to include the most recent policy developments and the latest research findings on the impact of trade.
Author:
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 044463925X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 870
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Book Description
Handbook of Commercial Policy explores three main topics that permeate the study of commercial policy. The first section presents a broad set of basic empirical facts regarding the pattern and evolution of commercial policy, with the second section investigating the crosscutting legal issues relating to the purpose and design of agreements. Final sections cover key issues of commercial policy in the modern global economy. Every chapter in the book provides coverage from the perspectives of multilateral, and where appropriate, preferential trade agreements. While most other volumes are policy-oriented, this comprehensive guide explores the ways that intellectual thinking and rigor organize research, further making frontier-level synthesis and current theoretical, and empirical, research accessible to all. Covers the research areas that are critical for understanding how the world of commercial policy has changed, especially over the last 20 years Presents the way in which research on the topic has evolved Scrutinizes the economic modeling of bargaining and legal issues Useful for examining the theory and empirics of commercial policy
Author: Robert E. Looney
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351046934
Category : Political Science
Languages : en
Pages : 462
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Book Description
International trade has, for decades, been central to economic growth and improved standards of living for nations and regions worldwide. For most of the advanced countries, trade has raised standards of living, while for most emerging economies, growth did not begin until their integration into the global economy. The economic explanation is simple: international trade facilitates specialization, increased efficiency and improved productivity to an extent impossible in closed economies. However, recent years have seen a significant slowdown in global trade, and the global system has increasingly come under attack from politicians on the right and on the left. The benefits of open markets, the continuation of international co-operation, and the usefulness of multilateral institutions such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have all been called into question. While globalization has had a broadly positive effect on overall global welfare, it has also been perceived by the public as damaging communities and social classes in the industrialized world, spawning, for example, Brexit and the US exit from the Trans-Pacific Partnership. The purpose of this volume is to examine international and regional preferential trade agreements (PTAs), which offer like-minded countries a possible means to continue receiving the benefits of economic liberalization and expanded trade. What are the strengths and weaknesses of such agreements, and how can they sustain growth and prosperity for their members in an ever-challenging global economic environment? The Handbook is divided into two parts. The first, Global Themes, offers analysis of issues including the WTO, trade agreements and economic development, intellectual property rights, security and environmental issues, and PTAs and developing countries. The second part examines regional and country-specific agreements and issues, including NAFTA, CARICOM, CETA, the Pacific Alliance, the European Union, EFTA, ECOWAS, SADC, TTIP, RCEP and the TPP (now the CPTPP), as well as the policies of countries such as Japan and Australia.
