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Author: David Runsten
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Author: David Runsten
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agriculture
Languages : en
Pages : 62
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Book Description
Author: Frida Priscila Cruz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 94
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Book Description
Immigration enforcement policies, such as E-Verify have a negative effect on the supply of farm labor. There is a growing literature that finds that agricultural producers are facing a shrinking labor supply and fewer studies examine how agricultural producers are adjusting to having less labor. This study examines how a shrinking labor force affects agricultural production decisions, specifically in terms of which crops to produce. We use state level E-Verify enforcement laws as a quasi natural negative labor shock. With less labor it is more challenging for agricultural producers to produce labor intensive crops which do not have available technology to substitute for labor. We find that in states that have enforced "strong" E-Verify laws, production of labor intensive crops decline and there is an increase of capital intensive crops. Based on our results, the opposite is true for "weak" E-Verify states.
Author: John Williams Mellor
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural innovations
Languages : en
Pages : 24
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Author: Gareth Austin
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1135079811
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 380
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Book Description
The prevailing view of industrialization has focussed on technology, capital, entrepreneurship and the institutions that enabled them to be deployed. Labour was often equated with other factors of production, and assigned a relatively passive role. Yet it was labour absorption and the improvement of the quality of labour over the course of several centuries that underscored the timing, pace and quality of global industrialization. While science and technology developed in the West and whereas the use of fossil fuels, especially coal and oil, were vital to this process, the more recent history has been underpinned by the development of comparatively resource- and energy-saving technology, without which the diffusion of industrialization would not have been possible. The labour-intensive, resource-saving path, which emerged in East Asia under the influence of Western technology and institutions, and is diffusing across the world, suggests the most realistic route humans could take for a further diffusion of industrialization, which might respond to the rising expectations of living standards without catastrophic environmental degradation.
Author: Julian Mark Alston
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
U.S. agriculture was transformed during the 20th century by waves of innovation with mechanical, biological, chemical, and information technologies. Compared with a few decades ago, today's agriculture is much less labor intensive and farms are much larger and more specialized, supplying a much-evolved market for farm products. Over recent decades, the global landscape for agricultural R&D has shifted away from farms, away from the public sector toward the private sector, and away from the United States towards agriculturally important middle-income countries, especially China, India and Brazil. U.S. investments in agricultural R&D are stalling even though meta-evidence shows that past U.S. investments in agricultural R&D have yielded very favorable returns: median reported benefit-cost ratios in the range of 12:1. Sustained U.S. investment and innovation will be required to preserve past productivity gains in the face of climate change, coevolving pests and diseases, and changing technological regulations--let alone increase productivity. Great potential exists for innovation in crop and livestock genetics and digital farming technologies to generate new products and production processes, but innovators are facing increasingly strong headwinds from social and political forces that seek to dictate technology choices.
Author: Zhenghong Xiao
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 981971852X
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 347
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Author: Julian M. Alston
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
U.S. agriculture was transformed during the 20th century by waves of innovation with mechanical, biological, chemical, and information technologies. Compared with a few decades ago, today's agriculture is much less labor intensive and farms are much larger and more specialized, supplying a much-evolved market for farm products. Over recent decades, the global landscape for agricultural R&D has shifted away from farms, away from the public sector toward the private sector, and away from the United States towards agriculturally important middle-income countries, especially China, India and Brazil. U.S. investments in agricultural R&D are stalling even though meta-evidence shows that past U.S. investments in agricultural R&D have yielded very favorable returns: median reported benefit-cost ratios in the range of 12:1. Sustained U.S. investment and innovation will be required to preserve past productivity gains in the face of climate change, coevolving pests and diseases, and changing technological regulations--let alone increase productivity. Great potential exists for innovation in crop and livestock genetics and digital farming technologies to generate new products and production processes, but innovators are facing increasingly strong headwinds from social and political forces that seek to dictate technology choices.
Author: Stephen F. Hamilton
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
There is a chronic shortage of agricultural labor in the US. While growers are increasingly turning to guest-worker programs to meet their labor needs, few regard immigrant workers as a viable long-term solution. Further, many producers of labor-intensive agricultural commodities are considering mechanized solutions, the slow rate of adoption of mechanized harvesting equipment in the US remains an empirical puzzle. In this paper, we demonstrate that wage-setting farmers have an incentive to "over-mechanize," or employ more than the cost-minimizing level of capital when capital and labor are substitutes, but "under-mechanize" when labor and capital are technical complements. To test this theory, we estimate the marginal value of augmenting labor with non-autonomous harvesting aids on a large strawberry farm in Central California using an econometric model of peer-affected productivity that controls for the group performance of farm workers operating in crews. Our findings indicate that mechanical aids complement labor in strawberry production, an outcome that helps explain the persistent productivity gap between agricultural and non-agricultural industries, and why the adoption of mechanization has been relatively slow. We confirm the broader implications of our theory for the apparent slow adoption of mechanical harvesting technologies in US agriculture by comparing general wage trends across several labor-intensive and non-labor-intensive industries in California.
Author: Lhamsuren Munkh-Erdene
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004546510
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 542
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Book Description
Devised to legitimize the Republic of China’s claim over Inner Asia, the Sinocentric paradigm stems from the Open Door Policy and Chinese nationalism. Advanced against the conquest theory, and rationalized as the pathfinding ecological theory, it is an evolutionary materialist scheme that became the vision of history. Exposing the initial agenda of this paradigm and revealing its fundamental contradictions, The Nomadic Leviathan debunks it as a myth. Resurrecting the conquest theory, and reinforcing it with the idea of extrahuman transportation, this book places pastoralism at the origin of the state and civilization, and the Eurasian steppe at the center of human history; the political emerges as the primary and fundamental order defining the social and economic.
Author: Joseph Chu Salvacruz
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Agricultural industries
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
