Author: Libros Científicos
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781519266422
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 182
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Book Description
Los métodos de muestreo constituyen el conjunto de técnicas estadísticas que estudian la forma de seleccionar una muestra lo suficientemente representativa de una población cuya información permita inferir las propiedades o características de toda la población cometiendo un error medible y acotable. A partir de la muestra, seleccionada mediante un determinado método de muestreo, se estiman las características poblacionales (media, total, proporción, etc.) con un error cuantificable y controlable. Las estimaciones se realizan a través de funciones matemáticas de la muestra denominadas estimadores, que se convierten en variables aleatorias al considerar la variabilidad de las muestras. Los errores se cuantifican a través de varianzas, desviaciones típicas o errores cuadráticos medios de los estimadores, que miden la precisión de estos. La metodología que permite inferir resultados, predicciones y generalizaciones sobre la población estadística, basándose en la información contenida en las muestras representativas previamente elegidas por métodos de muestreo formales, se denomina inferencia estadística.Es muy importante tener en cuenta que para medir el grado de representatividad de la muestra es necesario utilizar muestreo probabilístico. Diremos que el muestreo es probabilístico cuando pueda establecerse la probabilidad de obtener cada una de las muestras que sea posible seleccionar, esto es, cuando la selección de muestras constituya un fenómeno aleatorio probabilizable. Dicha selección se verificará en condiciones de azar, siendo susceptible de medida la incertidumbre derivada de la misma. Esto permitirá medir los errores cometidos en el proceso de muestreo (a través de la varianza u otras medidas estadísticas).En este libro se presentan las técnicas de muestreo más importantes utilizadas en el trabajo estadístico. Se comienza tratando el muestreo aleatorios simple, para, a continuación, introducir el muestreo sistemático. Posteriormente se profundiza en el muestreo estratificado y en el muestro por conglomerados monoetápico, bietápico y polietápico. Finalmente, se ponen de manifiesto las aplicaciones del muestreo en la evaluación de impacto de políticas públicas. Todos los métodos de muestreo se ilustran con aplicaciones totalmente resueltas con el software más actuala, como IBM SPSS STATISTICS, SAS y STATA.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9788416228850
Category : Mathematics
Languages : es
Pages : 451
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Book Description
Author: Libros Científicos
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781519261663
Category :
Languages : es
Pages : 156
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Book Description
Los métodos de muestreo constituyen el conjunto de técnicas estadísticas que estudian la forma de seleccionar una muestra lo suficientemente representativa de una población cuya información permita inferir las propiedades o características de toda la población cometiendo un error medible y acotable. A partir de la muestra, seleccionada mediante un determinado método de muestreo, se estiman las características poblacionales (media, total, proporción, etc.) con un error cuantificable y controlable. Las estimaciones se realizan a través de funciones matemáticas de la muestra denominadas estimadores, que se convierten en variables aleatorias al considerar la variabilidad de las muestras. Los errores se cuantifican a través de varianzas, desviaciones típicas o errores cuadráticos medios de los estimadores, que miden la precisión de estos. La metodología que permite inferir resultados, predicciones y generalizaciones sobre la población estadística, basándose en la información contenida en las muestras representativas previamente elegidas por métodos de muestreo formales, se denomina inferencia estadística.Es muy importante tener en cuenta que para medir el grado de representatividad de la muestra es necesario utilizar muestreo probabilístico. Diremos que el muestreo es probabilístico cuando pueda establecerse la probabilidad de obtener cada una de las muestras que sea posible seleccionar, esto es, cuando la selección de muestras constituya un fenómeno aleatorio probabilizable. Dicha selección se verificará en condiciones de azar, siendo susceptible de medida la incertidumbre derivada de la misma. Esto permitirá medir los errores cometidos en el proceso de muestreo (a través de la varianza u otras medidas estadísticas).En este libro se presentan las técnicas de muestreo más importantes utilizadas en el trabajo estadístico. Se comienza tratando el muestreo aleatorios simple, para, a continuación, introducir el muestreo sistemático. Posteriormente se profundiza en el muestreo estratificado y en el muestro por conglomerados monoetápico, bietápico y polietápico. Finalmente, se ponen de manifiesto las aplicaciones del muestreo en la evaluación de impacto de políticas públicas. Todos los métodos de muestreo se ilustran con aplicaciones totalmente resueltas con el software IBM SPSS STATISTICS.
Author: Tenko Raykov
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1136900020
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 602
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Book Description
This new text provides a state-of the-art introduction to educational and psychological testing and measurement theory that reflects many intellectual developments of the past two decades. The book introduces psychometric theory using a latent variable modeling (LVM) framework and emphasizes interval estimation throughout, so as to better prepare readers for studying more advanced topics later in their careers. Featuring numerous examples, it presents an applied approach to conducting testing and measurement in the behavioral, social, and educational sciences. Readers will find numerous tips on how to use test theory in today’s actual testing situations. To reflect the growing use of statistical software in psychometrics, the authors introduce the use of Mplus after the first few chapters. IBM SPSS, SAS, and R are also featured in several chapters. Software codes and associated outputs are reviewed throughout to enhance comprehension. Essentially all of the data used in the book are available on the website. In addition instructors will find helpful PowerPoint lecture slides and questions and problems for each chapter. The authors rely on LVM when discussing fundamental concepts such as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, test theory, generalizability theory, reliability and validity, interval estimation, nonlinear factor analysis, generalized linear modeling, and item response theory. The varied applications make this book a valuable tool for those in the behavioral, social, educational, and biomedical disciplines, as well as in business, economics, and marketing. A brief introduction to R is also provided. Intended as a text for advanced undergraduate and/or graduate courses in psychometrics, testing and measurement, measurement theory, psychological testing, and/or educational and/or psychological measurement taught in departments of psychology, education, human development, epidemiology, business, and marketing, it will also appeal to researchers in these disciplines. Prerequisites include an introduction to statistics with exposure to regression analysis and ANOVA. Familiarity with SPSS, SAS, STATA, or R is also beneficial. As a whole, the book provides an invaluable introduction to measurement and test theory to those with limited or no familiarity with the mathematical and statistical procedures involved in measurement and testing.
Author: Myint Swe Khine
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9462093326
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 284
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Book Description
Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is a statistical approach to testing hypothesis about the relationships among observed and latent variables. The use of SEM in research has increased in psychology, sociology, and economics in recent years. In particular educational researchers try to obtain the complete image of the process of education through the measurement of personality differences, learning environment, motivation levels and host of other variables that affect the teaching and learning process. With the use of survey instruments and interviews with students, teachers and other stakeholders as a lens, educators can assess and gain valuable information about the social ecology of the classrooms that could help in improving the instructional approach, classroom management and the learning organizations. A considerable number of research have been conducted to identify the factors and interactions between students’ characteristics, personal preferences, affective traits, study skills, and various other factors that could help in better educational performance. In recent years, educational researchers use Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) as a statistical technique to explore the complex and dynamic nature of interactions in educational research and practice. SEM is becoming a powerful analytical tool and making methodological advances in multivariate analysis. This book presents the collective works on concepts, methodologies and applications of SEM in educational research and practice. The anthology of current research described in this book will be a valuable resource for the next generation educational practitioners.
Author: Burton Clark
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
ISBN: 0335224547
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
·What can be done to ensure universities are well positioned to meet the challenges of the fast moving world of the 21st century? This is the central question addressed by Burton R. Clark in this significant new volume which greatly extends the case studies and concepts presented in his 1998 book, Creating Entrepreneurial Universities. The new volume draws on case studies of fourteen proactive institutions in the UK, Europe, Australia, Latin America, Africa, and the United States that extend analysis into the early years of the twenty-first century. The cumulative international coverage underpins a more fully developed conceptual framework offering insight into ways of initiating and sustaining change in universities. This new conceptual framework shifts attention from transformation to sustainability rooted in a constructed steady state of change and a collegial approach to entrepreneurialism. It contains key elements necessary for universities to adapt successfully to the modern world. Lessons for reform can be drawn directly from both the individual case studies and the general framework. Overall the book offers a new form of university organization that is more self-reliant and manages to combine change with continuity, traditional academic values with new managerial values. Essential reading for university administrators, faculty members, students and researchers analysing higher education, and educational policymakers worldwide, this book advocates a highly proactive approach to university change and specifies a new basis for university self- reliance. Burton R. Clark is Allan M. Cartter Professor Emeritus of Higher Education and Sociology at the University of California, Los Angeles. During his career, he has taught at five leading US universities: Stanford, Harvard, Berkeley, Yale and UCLA. He has published widely on the nature of university organization and the realistic possibilties of reform, linking research for understanding with research for use.
Author: United States. Agricultural Marketing Service
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 20
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Book Description
Author: Jae-On Kim
Publisher: SAGE
ISBN: 9780803911666
Category : Reference
Languages : en
Pages : 92
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Book Description
Describes various commonly used methods of initial factoring and factor rotation. In addition to a full discussion of exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and various methods of constructing factor scales are also presented.
Author: J.R. Spkatch
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323163289
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 615
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Book Description
The Bacteria: Volume VII: Mechanisms of Adaptation explores the mechanisms of bacterial adaptations and covers topics ranging from bacterial spores, cysts, and stalks to nitrogen fixation, bacterial chemotaxis, bacteriophage growth, and the structure and biosynthesis of bacterial cell walls. The roles of appendages and surface layers in adaptation of bacteria to their environment are also considered, along with cell division in Escherichia coli. This volume is comprised of nine chapters and begins with a discussion on the structure, properties, formation, and regulation of spores, cysts, and stalks in actinomycetes, blue-green bacteria, myxobacteria, Bacillus, Azotobacter, and Caulobacter. The reader is then introduced to the biochemistry, regulation, genetics, and evolution of nitrogen fixing in organisms; the receptors involved in bacterial chemotaxis and the nature of the sensing mechanism; the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria; and bacterial functions involved in nutrient detection and acquisition. The roles played by organelles and surface layers in the adaptation of bacteria to their environment are also examined. The final chapter deals with the regulation of, and coordination between, the multitude of events involved in cell division in Escherichia coli. This monograph will be a useful resource for microbiologists, bacteriologists, biochemists, and biologists.
Author: L Bryan
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323144950
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 594
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Book Description
Antimicrobial Drug Resistance presents information regarding the ability of organisms to resist natural and synthetically derived inhibitors. It presents the view of the authors who made significant contributions to the understanding of resistance. The book focuses on inhibitors classified as antifungal, antiviral, and antimalarial, as well as metal ions. It also covers numerous reactions, which have been genetically and biochemically analyzed in this context. Additionally, some chapters cover resistance plasmids of most of the clinically important bacteria. The book is designed to aid those involved in microbiological and pharmaceutical research on antimicrobial agents, clinical infectious diseases and medical microbiology, teaching microbiology and pharmacology, pharmaceutical marketing, and infection control.
