Author: Sarah Albiez-Wieck
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 900452164X
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 397

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Book Description
The book shows how the tribute-paying population in Peru and New Spain negotiated their categorization throughout the colonial period. It explains the fiscal legislation and its application from above as well as how it was shaped from below.

Author:
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004528687
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 511

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Book Description
The open access publication of this book has been made possible thanks to the International Institute of Social History – Amsterdam. Potosí (today Bolivia) was the major supplier for the Spanish Empire and for the world and still today boasts the world's single-richest silver deposit. This book explores the political economy of silver production and circulation illuminating a vital chapter in the history of global capitalism. It travels through geology, sacred spaces, and technical knowledge in the first section; environmental history and labor in the second section; silver flows, the heterogeneous world of mining producers, and their agency in the third; and some of the local, regional, and global impacts of Potosí mining in the fourth section. The main focus is on the establishment of a complex infrastructure at the site, its major changes over time, and the new human and environmental landscape that emerged for the production of one of the world ́s major commodities: silver. Eleven authors from different countries present their most recent research based on years of archival research, providing the readers with cutting-edge scholarship. Contributors are: Julio Aguilar, James Almeida, Rossana Barragán Romano, Mariano A. Bonialian, Thérèse Bouysse-Cassagne, Kris Lane, Tristan Platt, Renée Raphael, Masaki Sato, Heidi V. Scott, and Paula C. Zagalsky.

Author: Saul Guerrero
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004343830
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 468

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Book Description
In Silver by Fire, Silver by Mercury: A Chemical History of Silver Refining in New Spain and Mexico, 16th to 19th Centuries, Saul Guerrero combines historical research with geology and chemistry to refute the current prevailing narrative of a primitive effort dominated by mercury and its copious emissions to the air. Based on quantitative historical data, visual records and geochemical fundamentals, Guerrero analyses the chemical and economic reasons why two refining processes had to share production, creating along the way major innovations in the chemical recipes, milling equipment, mercury recycling practice, and industrial architecture and operations. Their main environmental impact was lead fume and the depletion of woodlands from smelting, and the transformation of mercury into calomel during the patio process.

Author: William Robertson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 630

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Book Description

Author: Linda A. Newson
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004351272
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 362

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Book Description
Based on extensive archival research in Peru, Spain, and Italy, Making Medicines in Early Colonial Lima, Peru examines how apothecaries in Lima were trained, ran their businesses, traded medicinal products, prepared medicines, and found their place in society. In the book, Newson argues that apothecaries had the potential to be innovators in science, especially in the New World where they encountered new environments and diverse healing traditions. However, it shows that despite experimental tendencies among some apothecaries, they generally adhered to traditional humoral practices and imported materia medica from Spain rather than adopt native plants or exploit the region’s rich mineral resources. This adherence was not due to state regulation, but reflected the entrenchment of humoral beliefs in popular thought and their promotion by the Church and Inquisition.

Author: Allan Greer
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1107160642
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 469

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Book Description
Offers a new reading of the history of the colonization of North America and the dispossession of its indigenous peoples.

Author: Samuel Lorenzo Knapp
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : America
Languages : en
Pages : 742

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Book Description

Author: Herbert S. Klein
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 248

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Book Description
A basic understanding of colonial Spanish American economic history emerges from this analysis and interpretation of royal income and expenditure.

Author: Norah L. A. Gharala
Publisher: University Alabama Press
ISBN: 0817320075
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 309

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Book Description
A definitive analysis of the most successful tribute system in the Americas as applied to Afromexicans During the eighteenth century, hundreds of thousands of free descendants of Africans in Mexico faced a highly specific obligation to the Spanish crown, a tax based on their genealogy and status. This royal tribute symbolized imperial loyalties and social hierarchies. As the number of free people of color soared, this tax became a reliable source of revenue for the crown as well as a signal that colonial officials and ordinary people referenced to define and debate the nature of blackness. Taxing Blackness: Free Afromexican Tribute in Bourbon New Spain examines the experiences of Afromexicans and this tribute to explore the meanings of race, political loyalty, and legal privileges within the Spanish colonial regime. Norah L. A. Gharala focuses on both the mechanisms officials used to define the status of free people of African descent and the responses of free Afromexicans to these categories and strategies. This study spans the eighteenth century and focuses on a single institution to offer readers a closer look at the place of Afromexican individuals in Bourbon New Spain, which was the most profitable and populous colony of the Spanish Atlantic. As taxable subjects, many Afromexicans were deeply connected to the colonial regime and ongoing debates about how taxpayers should be defined, whether in terms of reputation or physical appearance. Gharala shows the profound ambivalence, and often hostility, that free people of African descent faced as they navigated a regime that simultaneously labeled them sources of tax revenue and dangerous vagabonds. Some free Afromexicans paid tribute to affirm their belonging and community ties. Others contested what they saw as a shameful imposition that could harm their families for generations. The microhistory includes numerous anecdotes from specific cases and people, bringing their history alive, resulting in a wealth of rural and urban, gender, and family insight.

Author: Brian R. Hamnett
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 0521852846
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 25

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Book Description
This updated edition offers an accessible and richly illustrated study of Mexico's political, social, economic and cultural history.