Synaesthetic (sound) symbolism in non-synaesthetic brains PDF Download
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Author: Nicole Eismann
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668184135
Category : Literary Collections
Languages : en
Pages : 30
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Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2.0, University of Bonn (Institut für Anglistik, Amerikanistik und Keltologie), course: Language and Cognition, language: English, abstract: As far as possible within its limitations, this paper is going to answer the question whether non-synaesthetic people are able to connect the sense of taste, the auditive, the visual and the tactile sense with each other. While most of the synaesthesia studies focus on visual stimuli like colours or graphemes, this paper is mainly concerned with the auditive sense, represented by phonemes. However, since the visual sense is one of the most important senses for humans, and for the sake of comparability, visual stimuli in form of colours and different shapes are also included in the questionnaire. In order to give the reader a proper overview of the topic, a short literature review, which gives information about the literature that is the base of the paper, can be found in chapter 2. Subsequently, in chapter 3, one finds a description of the methodology on which the research based on: the evaluation of data taken from a questionnaire. The presentation of the results of this research follows in chapter 4 as well as a detailed discussion of these results, which can be found in chapter 5 right in front of the conclusion in chapter 6. Everyone is aware of the fact that the sense of taste is strongly connected with the sense of smell. People, who are due to special circumstances not able to smell properly, often lose their appetite because they cannot really taste the food. But what about the other senses? Is tasting also connected with the visual or the auditive sense, or are there in general connections between other senses than smell and taste? People in a special neurological condition called synaesthesia are able to draw these connections. Ramachandran and Hubbard describe synaesthesia as a “condition, in which an otherwise normal person experiences sensations in one modality when a second modality is stimulated” (Ramachandran/Hubbard 2001:4). This can become obvious in many different, most abstract, ways like the matching of graphemes, letters or numbers, with special colours, colours with sounds or even with (tactile) conditions. But experiments in the past, for example by Wolfgang Köhler, have shown that not only synaesthetic persons but everyone can be able to draw a couple of sensual connections inside the brain. But is this the case for any connection between randomly chosen senses or only for special ones?
Author: Nicole Eismann
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3668184135
Category : Literary Collections
Languages : en
Pages : 30
Get Book
Book Description
Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2.0, University of Bonn (Institut für Anglistik, Amerikanistik und Keltologie), course: Language and Cognition, language: English, abstract: As far as possible within its limitations, this paper is going to answer the question whether non-synaesthetic people are able to connect the sense of taste, the auditive, the visual and the tactile sense with each other. While most of the synaesthesia studies focus on visual stimuli like colours or graphemes, this paper is mainly concerned with the auditive sense, represented by phonemes. However, since the visual sense is one of the most important senses for humans, and for the sake of comparability, visual stimuli in form of colours and different shapes are also included in the questionnaire. In order to give the reader a proper overview of the topic, a short literature review, which gives information about the literature that is the base of the paper, can be found in chapter 2. Subsequently, in chapter 3, one finds a description of the methodology on which the research based on: the evaluation of data taken from a questionnaire. The presentation of the results of this research follows in chapter 4 as well as a detailed discussion of these results, which can be found in chapter 5 right in front of the conclusion in chapter 6. Everyone is aware of the fact that the sense of taste is strongly connected with the sense of smell. People, who are due to special circumstances not able to smell properly, often lose their appetite because they cannot really taste the food. But what about the other senses? Is tasting also connected with the visual or the auditive sense, or are there in general connections between other senses than smell and taste? People in a special neurological condition called synaesthesia are able to draw these connections. Ramachandran and Hubbard describe synaesthesia as a “condition, in which an otherwise normal person experiences sensations in one modality when a second modality is stimulated” (Ramachandran/Hubbard 2001:4). This can become obvious in many different, most abstract, ways like the matching of graphemes, letters or numbers, with special colours, colours with sounds or even with (tactile) conditions. But experiments in the past, for example by Wolfgang Köhler, have shown that not only synaesthetic persons but everyone can be able to draw a couple of sensual connections inside the brain. But is this the case for any connection between randomly chosen senses or only for special ones?
Author: Julia Simner
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199603324
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 1104
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Book Description
Synesthesia is a fascinating phenomenon which has captured the imagination of scientists and artists alike. This title brings together a broad body of knowledge about this condition into one definitive state-of-the-art handbook.
Author: Richard E. Cytowic
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262250446
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 297
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Book Description
In this medical detective adventure, Cytowic shows how synesthesia, or "joined sensation," illuminates a wide swath of mental life and leads to a new view of what it means to be human. Richard Cytowic's dinner host apologized, "There aren't enough points on the chicken!" He felt flavor also as a physical shape in his hands, and the chicken had come out "too round." This offbeat comment in 1980 launched Cytowic's exploration into the oddity called synesthesia. He is one of the few world authorities on the subject. Sharing a root with anesthesia ("no sensation"), synesthesia means "joined sensation," whereby a voice, for example, is not only heard but also seen, felt, or tasted. The trait is involuntary, hereditary, and fairly common. It stayed a scientific mystery for two centuries until Cytowic's original experiments led to a neurological explanation—and to a new concept of brain organization that accentuates emotion over reason. That chicken dinner two decades ago led Cytowic to explore a deeper reality that, he argues, exists in everyone but is often just below the surface of awareness (which is why finding meaning in our lives can be elusive). In this medical detective adventure, Cytowic shows how synesthesia, far from being a mere curiosity, illuminates a wide swath of mental life and leads to a new view of what is means to be human—a view that turns upside down conventional ideas about reason, emotional knowledge, and self-understanding. This 2003 edition features a new afterword.
Author: Richard E. Cytowic
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 0262260557
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 321
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Book Description
Revealing the neuroscience and genetics behind synesthesia—and how this multi-sensory phenomenon changed our view of the brain. A person with synesthesia might feel the flavor of food on her fingertips, sense the letter “J” as shimmering magenta or the number “5” as emerald green, hear and taste her husband’s voice as buttery golden brown. Synesthetes rarely talk about their peculiar sensory gift—believing either that everyone else senses the world exactly as they do, or that no one else does. Yet synesthesia occurs in 1 in 20 people, and is even more common among artists. One famous synesthete was novelist Vladimir Nabokov, who insisted as a toddler that the colors on his wooden alphabet blocks were “all wrong.” His mother understood exactly what he meant because she, too, had synesthesia. Nabokov's son Dmitri, who recounts this tale in the afterword to this book, is also a synesthete—further illustrating how synesthesia runs in families. Wednesday Is Indigo Blue reveals how the extraordinary multisensory phenomenon of synesthesia has changed our traditional view of the brain. Because synesthesia contradicted existing theory, researcher Richard Cytowic spent 20 years persuading colleagues that it was a real—and important—brain phenomenon rather than a mere curiosity. Today, scientists in 15 countries are exploring synesthesia and how it is changing the traditional view of how the brain works. Cytowic and neuroscientist David Eagleman argue that perception is already multisensory, though for most of us its multiple dimensions exist beyond the reach of consciousness. Reality, they point out, is more subjective than most people realize. No mere curiosity, synesthesia is a window on the mind and brain, highlighting the amazing differences in the way people see the world.
Author: B. De Boysson-Bardies
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9401582343
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 744
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Book Description
This volume contains the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on the topic of "Changes in Speech and Face Processing in Infancy: A glimpse at Developmental Mechanisms of Cognition", which was held in Carry-Ie-Rouet (France) at the Vacanciel "La Calanque", from June 29 to July 3, 1992. For many years, developmental researchers have been systematically exploring what is concealed by the blooming and buzzing confusion (as William James described the infant's world). Much research has been carried out on the mechanisms by which organisms recognize and relate to their conspecifics, in particular with respect to language acquisition and face recognition. Given this background, it seems worthwhile to compare not only the conceptual advances made in these two domains, but also the methodological difficulties faced in each of them. In both domains, there is evidence of sophisticated abilities right from birth. Similarly, researchers in these domains have focused on whether the mechanisms underlying these early competences are modality-specific, object specific or otherwise.
Author: Ophelia Deroy
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0199688281
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 331
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Book Description
Synaesthesia is, in the words of the cognitive neuroscientist Cytowic, a strange sensory blending. Synaesthetes report seeing colours when hearing sounds or proper names, or they experience tastes when reading the names of subway stations. How do these rare cases relate to other more common examples where sensory experiences get mixed - cases like mirror-touch, personification, cross-modal mappings, and drug experiences? Are we all more or less synaesthetes, and does this mean that we are all subjects of crossmodal illusions? Could some apparently strange sensory cases give us an insight into how perception works? Recent research on the causes and prevalence of synaesthesia raises new questions regarding the links between these cases, and the unity of the condition. By bringing together contributions from leading cognitive neuroscientists and philosophers, this volume considers for the first time the broader theoretical lessons arising from such cases of sensory blending, with regard to the nature of perception and consciousness, the boundaries between perception, illusion and imagination, and the communicability and sharing of experiences.
Author: Simon Lacey
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 146145879X
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 437
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Book Description
Is a pear sweeter than a peach? Which of Mona Lisa’s hands is crossed over the other? What would the Moonlight Sonata sound like played by a brass band? Although these are questions that appeal to mental imagery in a variety of sensory modalities, mental imagery research has been dominated by visual imagery. With the emergence of a well-established multisensory research community, however, it is time to look at mental imagery in a wider sensory context. Part I of this book provides overviews of unisensory imagery in each sensory modality, including motor imagery, together with discussions of multisensory and cross-modal interactions, synesthesia, imagery in the blind and following brain damage, and methodological considerations. Part II reviews the application of mental imagery research in a range of settings including individual differences, skilled performance such as sports and surgical training, psychopathology and therapy, through to stroke rehabilitation. This combination of comprehensive coverage of the senses with reviews from both theoretical and applied perspectives not only complements the growing multisensory literature but also responds to recent calls for translational research in the multisensory field.
Author: Lynn C. Robertson
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190290285
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 304
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Book Description
Owing to its bizarre nature and its implications for understanding how brains work, synesthesia has recently received a lot of attention in the popular press and motivated a great deal of research and discussion among scientists. The questions generated by these two communities are intriguing: Does the synesthetic phenomenon require awareness and attention? How does a feature that is not present become bound to one that is? Does synesthesia develop or is it hard wired? Should it change our way of thinking about perceptual experience in general? What is its value in understanding perceptual systems as a whole? This volume brings together a distinguished group of investigators from diverse backgrounds--among them neuroscientists, novelists, and synesthetes themselves--who provide fascinating answers to these questions. Although each approaches synesthesia from a very different perspective, and each was curious about and investigated synesthesia for very different reasons, the similarities between their work cannot be ignored. The research presented in this volume demonstrates that it is no longer reasonable to ask whether or not synesthesia is real--we must now ask how we can account for it from cognitive, neurobiological, developmental, and evolutionary perspectives. This book will be important reading for any scientist interested in brain and mind, not to mention synesthetes themselves, and others who might be wondering what all the fuss is about.
Author: Richard E. Cytowic
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 026234629X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 288
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Book Description
An accessible, concise primer on the neurological trait of synesthesia—vividly felt sensory couplings—by a founder of the field. One in twenty-three people carry the genes for the synesthesia. Not a disorder but a neurological trait—like perfect pitch—synesthesia creates vividly felt cross-sensory couplings. A synesthete might hear a voice and at the same time see it as a color or shape, taste its distinctive flavor, or feel it as a physical touch. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Richard Cytowic, the expert who returned synesthesia to mainstream science after decades of oblivion, offers a concise, accessible primer on this fascinating human experience. Cytowic explains that synesthesia's most frequent manifestation is seeing days of the week as colored, followed by sensing letters, numerals, and punctuation marks in different hues even when printed in black. Other manifestations include tasting food in shapes, seeing music in moving colors, and mapping numbers and other sequences spatially. One synesthete declares, “Chocolate smells pink and sparkly”; another invents a dish (chicken, vanilla ice cream, and orange juice concentrate) that tastes intensely blue. Cytowic, who in the 1980s revived scientific interest in synesthesia, sees it now understood as a spectrum, an umbrella term that covers five clusters of outwardly felt couplings that can occur via several pathways. Yet synesthetic or not, each brain uniquely filters what it perceives. Cytowic reminds us that each individual's perspective on the world is thoroughly subjective.
Author: Richard E. Cytowic
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461235421
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 366
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Book Description
Synesthesia comes from the Greek syn (meaning union) and aisthesis (sensation), literally interpreted as a joining of the senses. Synesthesia is an involuntary joining in which the real information from one sense is joined or accompanies a perception in another. Dr. Cytowic reports extensive research into the physical, psychological, neural, and familial background of a group of synesthets. His findings form the first complete picture of the brain mechanisms that underlie this remarkable perceptual experience. His research demonstrates that this rare condition is brain-based and perceptual and not mind-based, as is the case with memory or imagery. Synesthesia offers a unique and detailed study of a condition which has confounded scientists for more than 200 years.
