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Author: Corinne Ledoux-Henebel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 202
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Author: Corinne Ledoux-Henebel
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 202
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Author: Anne Landrin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : fr
Pages : 216
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Book Description
L'air est une des composantes de l'environnnement hospitalier. Il contient naturellement des particules inertes et des micro-organismes pouvant être à la source d'infections nosocomiales chez les malades à risques, commes les infections aspergillaires ou les infections du site opératoire. Il existe donc à l'hôpital des zones propres dans lesquelles la contamination de l'environnement est maîtrisée afin de réduire ces risques au minimum. La qualité de l'air est assurée principalement par un traitement de l'air. La maintenance des installations de traitement de l'air associée à la surveillance de la qualité de l'air permet de maîtriser au mieux le risque dû à l'aérobiocontamination. La surveillance de la qualité de l'air s'intègre dans un plan d'action qualité visant à la gestion du risque infectieux. Elle peut porter sur le taux de particules et/ou sur le nombre de micro-organismes dans l'air. Il n'existe pas à ce jour de consensus quant à la stratégie de surveillance, seulement des recommandations. Nous avons testé en parlèlle, à l'Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, deux méthodes de surveillance de la qualité de l'air, le comptage de particules et le dénombrement de micro-organismes, afin de définir la place respective de ces deux méthodes. L'étude a porté sur 256 points de prélèvement répartis dans quatre secteurs de l'hôpital. L'analyse des résultats démontre l'absence de corrélation entre le nombre de particules et le nombre de micro-organismes dans l'air de salles de repos. Le comptage particulaire semble plus facile à mettre en œuvre, mais il ne mesure qu'un empoussièrement non obligatoirement lié à la présence de micro-organismes. La mesure de l'aérobiocontamination, quant à elle, est plus consommatrice de temps, mais est plus informative. Les deux méthodes ont un coût comparable. En conclusion, la méthode de surveillance de l'air par la mesure de l'aérobiocontamination semble mieux adaptée au suivi infectieux environnemental des zones à risque à l'hôpital.
Author: IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN:
Category : Health & Fitness
Languages : en
Pages : 536
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Evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by the use of four antiretroviral agents four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors used in the treatment of cancer and an additional three pharmaceutical agents (hydroxyures phenolphthalein and vitamin K substances). The volume marks the first IARC evaluation of nucleoside analogs that act as antiviral agents. The evaluation responds in part to recent findings that zidovudine (AZT) an effective antiretroviral agent now being given to pregnant HIV-infected women to prevent maternal-to-fetal transmission of the virus is a transplacental carcinogen in mice. The opening monograph evaluates the carcinogenicity to humans of the antiretroviral nucleoside analogs zidovudine (AZT) zalcitabine (ddC) and didanosine (ddI) and the antiherpesvirus drug aciclovir. Of these aciclovir and didanosine could not be classified on the basis of available data. For zidovudine transplacental administration to mice resulted in an increased incidence and multiplicity of lung and liver tumours and in an increased incidence of female reproductive tract tumours in one study but not in another involving treatment at a lower dose. Despite observation of toxic effects in some studies of humans human carcinogenicity data were judged to provide inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Zidovudine was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Similar weaknesses in human carcinogenicity data for zalcitabine which consistently induces thymic lymphomas in mice resulted in its classification as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The second monograph evaluates four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors: etoposide teniposide mitoxantrone and amsacrine. Of these etoposide - one of the most widely used and effective cytotoxic drugs in combination therapy - was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans and etoposide in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin was judged to be carcinogenic to humans. Teniposide was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans and mitoxantrone and amsacrine were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Of the three pharmaceutical agents evaluated in the final monograph hydroxyurea which is widely used in cancer treatment and increasingly in combination with didanosine in HIV infection could not be classified. Phenolphthalein a widely used laxative now being withdrawn from the market in many countries because of toxicological concerns was classified as possibly carcinogenic. Vitamin K substances could not be classified on the basis of available evidence.
Author: J. P. Vaughan
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 218
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A step-by-step guide to the use of epidemiology as a tool for improving the management of health services. Addressed to general health workers, the book uses clear definitions, analogies, examples, checklists, sample forms and calculations, and abundant illustrations to demystify the methods of epidemiology and show how they can work in concrete situations. Particular emphasis is placed on the simple knowledge and skills needed to collect and then use epidemiological data to monitor health problems commonly found in developing countries. The book shows how a four-phase epidemiological approach, involving descriptive, analytical, intervention, and evaluation epidemiology, can supply virtually all the information needed to pinpoint health problems, design targeted interventions, and define reliable indicators for monitoring progress. Other chapters offer guidance in the collection of demographic data, the conduct of routine health surveillance, the use of epidemiology to control an epidemic, and the design of special surveys to collect additional information. The second half of the book concentrates on the analysis, presentation, and use of results. Topics covered include the use of record forms and coding, methods of data processing and analysis, and the presentation of health information in tables, figures, graphs, diagrams, charts, and maps. The final chapter, which constitutes the core of the manual, shows how the knowledge and skills previously described can be used to formulate plans for the management and monitoring of district health services. "... admirable ... basic epidemiological techniques are precisely described ... deserves to be a standard text in the district..." - The Lancet
Author: World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific
Publisher: World Health Organization
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 324
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Book Description
The severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS) first emerged in southern China in November 2002 and in the following months spread to 12 other countries in the Western Pacific region (where 95 per cent of the global cases took place) with devastating force. By July 2004, when the epidemic was finally declared over, it had killed nearly 800 people including many healthcare workers. Although by some standards, this first emerging and readily transmissible disease of the 21st century was not a big killer, it caused more fear and social disruption than any other outbreak of our time. Written largely by the public health experts and scientists involved in efforts to control the epidemic, this publication examines the emergence and spread of SARS, the public health measures taken to deal with it, the epidemiology of the SARS coronavirus (SAR-CoV) and vaccine development, and its impact on people and economies in individual countries, in the region and around the world.
Author: P. Walstra
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0824746414
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 752
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Describes the efficient transformation of milk into a variety of products, focusing on the changes in raw material, and intermediate and final products, as well as the interactions between products and processing equipment. The book details the procedures for ensuring processing efficiency and product quality.
Author:
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org
ISBN: 9789251051641
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 59
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Book Description
Jointly issued by the World Health Organization and the Food and Agriculture Organization. This publication contains the findings of an FAO/WHO expert meeting, held in Geneva in February 2004.
Author: Naomi Adelson
Publisher: University of Toronto Press
ISBN: 1442656980
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 160
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Book Description
'Being Alive Well': Health and the Politics of Cree Well-Being is a critical medical anthropological analysis of health theory in the social sciences with specific reference to the James Bay Cree of northern Quebec. In it the author argues that definitions of health are not simply reflections of physiological soundness but convey broader cultural and political realities. The book begins with a treatise on the study of health in the social sciences and a call for a broader understanding of the cultural parameters of any definition of health. Following a chapter that outlines the history of the Whapmagoostui (Great Whale River) region and the people, Adelson presents the underlying symbolic foundations of a Cree concept of health, or miyupimaatisiiun. The core of this book is an ethnographic study of the Whapmagoostui Cree and their particular concept of "health" (miyupimaatisiiun or "being alive well"). That concept is mediated by history, cultural practices, and the contemporary world of the Cree, including their fundamental concerns about their land and culture. In the contemporary context, health – or more specifically, "being alive well" – for the Cree of Great Whale is an intimate fusion of social, political, and personal well-being, thus linking individual bodies to a larger socio-political reality.
Author: P. F. Fox
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dairy processing
Languages : en
Pages : 460
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Author: David Satterthwaite
Publisher: IIED
ISBN: 184369560X
Category : Population
Languages : en
Pages : 50
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