Surface Roughness Effects on Fluid Transport Through a Natural Rock Fracture PDF Download
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Languages : en
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Fluid flow through rock fractures can be orders of magnitude faster than through the adjacent low-permeability rock. Understanding how fluid moves through these pathways is important for the prediction of sequestered CO2 transport in geologic reservoirs. Reservoir-scale, discrete-fracture simulators use simplified models of flow through fractures to determine transport properties in complex fracture networks. A high level of approximation is required in these reservoir-scale simulations due to the number of fractures within the domain of interest and because of the limited amount of information that can be obtained from geophysical well-logs (Long et al. (1996)). For this study, flow simulations through a CT-scanned fracture were performed to evaluate different fluid transport parameters that are important in geological flow analysis. The 'roughness' of the fracture was varied to determine the effect of the bumpy fracture walls on the fluid flow. The permeability and effective aperture were determined for flow under a constant pressure head. The fracture roughness is shown to dramatically reduce the flow through the fracture, and various relations are described.
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Languages : en
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Book Description
Fluid flow through rock fractures can be orders of magnitude faster than through the adjacent low-permeability rock. Understanding how fluid moves through these pathways is important for the prediction of sequestered CO2 transport in geologic reservoirs. Reservoir-scale, discrete-fracture simulators use simplified models of flow through fractures to determine transport properties in complex fracture networks. A high level of approximation is required in these reservoir-scale simulations due to the number of fractures within the domain of interest and because of the limited amount of information that can be obtained from geophysical well-logs (Long et al. (1996)). For this study, flow simulations through a CT-scanned fracture were performed to evaluate different fluid transport parameters that are important in geological flow analysis. The 'roughness' of the fracture was varied to determine the effect of the bumpy fracture walls on the fluid flow. The permeability and effective aperture were determined for flow under a constant pressure head. The fracture roughness is shown to dramatically reduce the flow through the fracture, and various relations are described.
Author: Donald Timothy Slottke
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 468
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Where open, connected fractures are present, they dominate both fluid flow and transport of solutes, but the prediction of hydraulic and transport properties a priori has proven exceedingly difficult. A major challenge in predicting solute transport in fractured media is describing the physical characteristics of a representative surface that is appropriate to modeling. Fracture aperture, roughness, and channeling characteristics are important to predict flow and transport in hard rock terrains. In areas with little soil cover, fracture mapping can indicate areas or directions of greater permeability but not the magnitudes. Both cover and complex geology can limit mapping. Hand samples are generally available and upscaling from their properties would be highly beneficial. Assessing the impact of roughness on field-scale fluid flow through fractured media from samples of natural fractures on the order of 100cm2 assumes a relationship between fracture morphology and discharge is either scale invariant or smoothly transformable. It has been suggested that the length scale that surface roughness significantly contributes to the discharge falls within the size of a typical hand sample, but few data exist to support extension of small-scale relationships to larger scales. I analyze the results of flow tests on a single fracture through a 60 x 30cm block of rhyolitic tuff. The results are compared with relationships of smaller samples in a similar tuffs and granites. The data are processed to yield regularly gridded surface elevations. Describing roughness as a ratio of surface area to footprint, variances of the roughnesses of surface covering equivalently sized square samples are plotted against sample size to determine if a representative surface exists. For specimens of fractures measuring up to 25 x 29cm, a 3.2 x 3.2cm sample of granite with an iron oxide/clay fracture skin yields a reasonable expression of the roughness of the entire surface. The number of data points included in a sample of this size transcends skin type, composition and grain/crystal size. The results suggest that the unmodified cubic law is valid for the range of gradients expected in the field using the geometric mean of areal aperture data to estimate hydraulic aperture. The data also indicate that fracture aperture is not well predicted by single aperture measurements or even by averaging along a particular scan line; three-dimensional laboratory analysis and/or field testing are required. There may be a suitable scale of data for upscaling fracture roughness on the order of 10cm2. However, due to mismatch between top and bottom surfaces inherent in natural fractures, aperture samples are not consistent across the specimen and cannot be scaled. Upscaling of other factors, such as flow channeling, remain to be tested.
Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309049962
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 568
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Book Description
Scientific understanding of fluid flow in rock fracturesâ€"a process underlying contemporary earth science problems from the search for petroleum to the controversy over nuclear waste storageâ€"has grown significantly in the past 20 years. This volume presents a comprehensive report on the state of the field, with an interdisciplinary viewpoint, case studies of fracture sites, illustrations, conclusions, and research recommendations. The book addresses these questions: How can fractures that are significant hydraulic conductors be identified, located, and characterized? How do flow and transport occur in fracture systems? How can changes in fracture systems be predicted and controlled? Among other topics, the committee provides a geomechanical understanding of fracture formation, reviews methods for detecting subsurface fractures, and looks at the use of hydraulic and tracer tests to investigate fluid flow. The volume examines the state of conceptual and mathematical modeling, and it provides a useful framework for understanding the complexity of fracture changes that occur during fluid pumping and other engineering practices. With a practical and multidisciplinary outlook, this volume will be welcomed by geologists, petroleum geologists, geoengineers, geophysicists, hydrologists, researchers, educators and students in these fields, and public officials involved in geological projects.
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309373727
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 177
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Book Description
Fractured rock is the host or foundation for innumerable engineered structures related to energy, water, waste, and transportation. Characterizing, modeling, and monitoring fractured rock sites is critical to the functioning of those infrastructure, as well as to optimizing resource recovery and contaminant management. Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock examines the state of practice and state of art in the characterization of fractured rock and the chemical and biological processes related to subsurface contaminant fate and transport. This report examines new developments, knowledge, and approaches to engineering at fractured rock sites since the publication of the 1996 National Research Council report Rock Fractures and Fluid Flow: Contemporary Understanding and Fluid Flow. Fundamental understanding of the physical nature of fractured rock has changed little since 1996, but many new characterization tools have been developed, and there is now greater appreciation for the importance of chemical and biological processes that can occur in the fractured rock environment. The findings of Characterization, Modeling, Monitoring, and Remediation of Fractured Rock can be applied to all types of engineered infrastructure, but especially to engineered repositories for buried or stored waste and to fractured rock sites that have been contaminated as a result of past disposal or other practices. The recommendations of this report are intended to help the practitioner, researcher, and decision maker take a more interdisciplinary approach to engineering in the fractured rock environment. This report describes how existing tools-some only recently developed-can be used to increase the accuracy and reliability of engineering design and management given the interacting forces of nature. With an interdisciplinary approach, it is possible to conceptualize and model the fractured rock environment with acceptable levels of uncertainty and reliability, and to design systems that maximize remediation and long-term performance. Better scientific understanding could inform regulations, policies, and implementation guidelines related to infrastructure development and operations. The recommendations for research and applications to enhance practice of this book make it a valuable resource for students and practitioners in this field.
Author: Robert W. Zimmerman
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119248027
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 293
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Book Description
FLUID FLOW IN FRACTURED ROCKS "The definitive treatise on the subject for many years to come" (Prof. Ruben Juanes, MIT) Authoritative textbook that provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to fluid flow in fractured rocks Fluid Flow in Fractured Rocks provides an authoritative introduction to the topic of fluid flow through single rock fractures and fractured rock masses. This book is intended for readers with interests in hydrogeology, hydrology, water resources, structural geology, reservoir engineering, underground waste disposal, or other fields that involve the flow of fluids through fractured rock masses. Classical and established models and data are presented and carefully explained, and recent computational methodologies and results are also covered. Each chapter includes numerous graphs, schematic diagrams and field photographs, an extensive reference list, and a set of problems, thus providing a comprehensive learning experience that is both mathematically rigorous and accessible. Written by two internationally recognized leaders in the field, Fluid Flow in Fractured Rocks includes information on: Nucleation and growth of fractures in rock, with a multiscale characterization of their geometric traits Effect of normal and shear stresses on the transmissivity of a rock fracture and mathematics of fluid flow through a single rock fracture Solute transport in rocks, with quantitative descriptions of advection, molecular diffusion, and dispersion Fluid Flow in Fractured Rocks is an essential resource for researchers and postgraduate students who are interested in the field of fluid flow through fractured rocks. The text is also highly suitable for professionals working in civil, environmental, and petroleum engineering.
Author: Hans-Joachim Kümpel
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9783764302535
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 364
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Book Description
The supply and protection of groundwater, the production of hydrocarbon reservoirs, land subsidence in coastal areas, exploitation of geothermal energy, the long-term disposal of critical wastes ... What do these issues have in common besides their high socio-economic impact? They are all closely related to fluid flow in porous and/or fractured rock. As the conditions of fluid flow in many cases depend on the mechanical behavior of rocks, coupling between the liquid phase and the rock matrix can generally not be neglected. For the past five years or so, studies of rock physics and rock mechanics linked to coupling phenomena have received increased attention. In recognition of this, a Euroconference on thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling in fractured rock was held at Bad Honnef, Germany, in November 2000. Most of the twenty papers collected in this volume were presented at this meeting. The contributions lead to deeper insight in processes where such coupling is relevant.
Author: Richard E. Goodman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 500
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Author:
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Languages : en
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Book Description
Initial stages of a study on the fluid transport properties of rock at high pressure and temperature are reported. Emphasis is placed on the mechanical hydraulic interactions, in an attempt to clarify the process of fracture closure and its influence on fracture permeability. To determine the fluid transport properties of a fracture, the effect of surface roughness, geometry, and filling on fracture permeability was investigated. Permeability of these fractures was measured at various effective normal stresses at room temperature. The law of effective stress appears valid for fractures without filling but permeability of filled fractures is more sensitive to confining pressure than pore pressure. Permeability of smooth surfaces varied 5 to 0.5 darcys over a range of effective stresses from 0 to 3000 bars. Filled fractures were an order of magnitude more permeable.
Author: Michael C. Sukop
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3540279822
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 178
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Book Description
Here is a basic introduction to Lattice Boltzmann models that emphasizes intuition and simplistic conceptualization of processes, while avoiding the complex mathematics that underlies LB models. The model is viewed from a particle perspective where collisions, streaming, and particle-particle/particle-surface interactions constitute the entire conceptual framework. Beginners and those whose interest is in model application over detailed mathematics will find this a powerful 'quick start' guide. Example simulations, exercises, and computer codes are included.
Author: Pierre M. Adler
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN: 0199666512
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 184
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Book Description
This book provides a systematic treatment of the geometrical and transport properties of fractures, fracture networks, and fractured porous media. It is divided into two major parts. The first part deals with geometry of individual fractures and of fracture networks. The use of the dimensionless density rationalizes the results for the percolation threshold of the networks. It presents the crucial advantage of grouping the numerical data for various fracture shapes. The second part deals mainly with permeability under steady conditions of fractures, fracture networks, and fractured porous media. Again the results for various types of networks can be rationalized by means of the dimensionless density. A chapter is dedicated to two phase flow in fractured porous media.
