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Author: Ali R A Shoukat
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346095401
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Chemistry - Materials Chemistry, , course: M.Phil, language: English, abstract: This thesis is about Substituted Nickel Phthalocyanines and their preparation. Currently intensive research work is going on in producing phthalocyanine compounds, which have been useful for applications, such as important industrial dyes and pigments since their early syntheses at the beginning of last century. They have been employed as charge carriers in photocopiers and laser printers, as well as materials for optical storage in recent years. Many potential applications were expected for these molecular materials which have a high thermal and chemical stability, for instance as potential industrial catalysts, solar cell functioning materials , gas sensors , nonlinear optical limiting devices , as power leads and as molecular switches in nanotechnology, photodynamic therapy agents, antiscrapie treatments, antimycotic materials, antimicrobial agents, as corrosion inhibitors, as photoconductors, electrical conductors, photosensitizers, photovoltaic materials and as colorants for cyano toners. Except for few derivatives, soluble phthalocyanine complexes were prepared for dyes and colors, which were found to be impure. Use of pure phthalocyanines and their derivatives are very important in order to exploit the full potential of the coloring effects, thermal stability, photoconductivity, semi conducting, catalytic and various other physico chemical properties. The solubility of phthalocyanines can be increased either by changing the number and nature of the substitutents or by changing the central metal ion. Ligation of the central metal ion will also enhance the solubility. In the present investigation, it was planned to synthesize various metal phthalocyanines containing different substitutents at particular positions, so that symmetrically tetra substituted derivatives will be prepared and their structural investigations will be carried out by using various physicochemical techniques. Hence it was found desirable to synthesize and characterize tetra anilido 2,9,16,23 substituted Ni Phthalocyanine in order to exploit the spectral, thermal stability and electrochemical characteristics and like other properties and hence the present study has been undertaken. This study may give greater insight on the properties of the unique character of Ni Phthalocyanine Derivatives and their potential applications.
Author: Ali R A Shoukat
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 3346095401
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 98
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Book Description
Master's Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Chemistry - Materials Chemistry, , course: M.Phil, language: English, abstract: This thesis is about Substituted Nickel Phthalocyanines and their preparation. Currently intensive research work is going on in producing phthalocyanine compounds, which have been useful for applications, such as important industrial dyes and pigments since their early syntheses at the beginning of last century. They have been employed as charge carriers in photocopiers and laser printers, as well as materials for optical storage in recent years. Many potential applications were expected for these molecular materials which have a high thermal and chemical stability, for instance as potential industrial catalysts, solar cell functioning materials , gas sensors , nonlinear optical limiting devices , as power leads and as molecular switches in nanotechnology, photodynamic therapy agents, antiscrapie treatments, antimycotic materials, antimicrobial agents, as corrosion inhibitors, as photoconductors, electrical conductors, photosensitizers, photovoltaic materials and as colorants for cyano toners. Except for few derivatives, soluble phthalocyanine complexes were prepared for dyes and colors, which were found to be impure. Use of pure phthalocyanines and their derivatives are very important in order to exploit the full potential of the coloring effects, thermal stability, photoconductivity, semi conducting, catalytic and various other physico chemical properties. The solubility of phthalocyanines can be increased either by changing the number and nature of the substitutents or by changing the central metal ion. Ligation of the central metal ion will also enhance the solubility. In the present investigation, it was planned to synthesize various metal phthalocyanines containing different substitutents at particular positions, so that symmetrically tetra substituted derivatives will be prepared and their structural investigations will be carried out by using various physicochemical techniques. Hence it was found desirable to synthesize and characterize tetra anilido 2,9,16,23 substituted Ni Phthalocyanine in order to exploit the spectral, thermal stability and electrochemical characteristics and like other properties and hence the present study has been undertaken. This study may give greater insight on the properties of the unique character of Ni Phthalocyanine Derivatives and their potential applications.
Author: Yuping Bao
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 0
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Book Description
Hierarchically porous carbon and faujasite are two supports in which metal phthalocyanines are incorporated for evaluation as heterogeneous catalysts. Water-soluble metal phthalocyanine metal phthalocyanine tetra carboxylate/acid (MPCTC), anionic phthalocyanine, amphiphilic phthalocyanine tetra PEGylated metal phthalocyanine (TPEGMPC), and neutral phthalocyanine were synthesized and incorporated into hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) using a co-gelation method. The metals explored with both phthalocyanines were, M = Ni, Cu, Co, Fe, Ru, and VO. The tetra PEGylated metal phthalocyanines explored had peg molecular weights of 50, 200, 400 and 600. The synthesis of MPCTC used trimellitic acid as starting material in a one pot process. It was found that the anionic form of phthalocyanine is not soluble in the solvent used for HPC formation at low pH but soluble at high pH. The synthesis of TPEGMPC was through a two-step process starting from 4-nitrophthalonitrile in which a metal ion behaves as a template that facilitates the tetramerization/cyclization process. TPEGMPC was found insoluble or only slightly soluble for the lower peg chain lengths but solubility was increased with increasing peg chain length. Formation of the PEG-1000 was not possible as cyclization did not occur with PEG -1000. HPC was prepared by a resorcinol/formaldehyde polymerization process to which the non-ionic surfactant F-127, was added to give mesopore formation. 1,6-diaminohexane (DAH) was added as a structure directing agent to give macropores. After the polymerization is completed in a curing step, the polymer was converted to a hierarchically porous carbon by pyrolysis at 500 ℗ʻC. HPC synthesis was carried out with addition of various MCMPC's and of TPEGMPCs. It was observed that after the curing step, MPCTC had separated from the bulk of the material and been spatially concentrated at the bottom of the sample. Similar phase separation was observed with the shortest peg chain length TPegMPC, while with higher peg chain length uniform color in the material was observed. Physical characterization of the carbon incorporating TPEGMPCs was done by SEM, TEM, XRD, gas absorption, UV-Vis, and FTIR. These carbons were evaluated as catalysts for oxidation of cyclohexene and reduction of p-nitrophenol. For both copper and nickel TPEGMPCs, large metal nanoparticles were observed for the 200 and 600 molecular weight TPEGMPCs. The 400 molecular weight sample showed much smaller nanoparticles, about 1/5th to 1/10 as large. The catalytic activity did not follow this trend, with the activity decreasing as the Peg molecular weight increased. Metal perfluoro phthalocyanines (MPfPC) were synthesized with the M=Fe and VO using tetrafluoro phthalonitrile as starting material. Viable synthesis procedures were developed by modifying an established synthesis route. Both MPfPC and MPCTC were successfully incorporated into a zeolite sodium faujasite by adding the phthalocyanine to the synthesis gel from which the sodium faujasite is grown.
Author: Karl M Kadish
Publisher: World Scientific
ISBN: 981120182X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 313
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Book Description
Volume 45 in the highly successful series Handbook of Porphyrin Science presents three very informative chapters of significant topical interest to researchers in the broad field of porphyrin science. The first chapter (Chapter 215) systematically describes in great detail the many synthetic methods utilized for the preparation of both metal-free and metallo-phthalocyanines. In the second chapter (Chapter 216), new developments in the synthesis, structure, and circular dichroism of chiral porphyrin systems are discussed in depth. The third and final chapter in this volume (Chapter 217) describes up-to-date advances in the use of computational methodology for the design and synthesis of functionally useful tetrapyrroles such as phthalocyanines, porphyrins and 9. The volume concludes with a useful comprehensive index.The overall emphasis of Volume 45 of the Handbook of Porphyrin Science series, centers on synthetic methodology and processes, with a diversion in Chapter 217 to include predictive computational methodology, and in Chapter 216 to address the importance of chirality in tetrapyrrole systems. All three chapters will be of interest to researchers in the field and should provide powerful tools for anyone involved in the chemistry of phthalocyanines, porphyrins and related systems.
Author: Jianzhuang Jiang
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3642047513
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329
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Book Description
Phthalocyanines exhibit intriguing physic-chemical properties that render them important as a class of molecular functional materials. In addition to their tra- tional industrial applications as dyes and pigments, more recently their use as the organic semiconductors, photodynamictherapy medicines, non-linear optical ma- rials, catalysts for the photo oxidation, optical recording materials, and gas sensors attracts great research interests in these tetrapyrrole species. As manifested by the rapidly increasing number of related scienti?c publications in recent years, great progress has been made in the ?eld of advanced phthalocyaninematerials. Tremendous efforts have been paid toward the development of new phtha- cyanine molecular materials as well as toward their applications. Recent emphasis in both academic researches and technical ?eld has been put on the design and synthesis of novel phthalocyanine species, the structure-propertyrelationship, se- assembly properties, molecular electronics and opto-electronics, and dye-sensitized solarcells.Althoughexcellentreviewsandmonographsaboutphthalocyanineswere publishedseveralyearsago, it is time to providea surveyof a numberof newimp- tant developments in this fascinating area of phthalocyanine chemistry. The aim of this book is to bring both the academic and industrial researchers an easy way to the new progress of phthalocyanines made lately in related ?eld.
Author: Tebello Nyokong
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9048138728
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 672
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Book Description
This book addresses the synthesis of photosensitizers, the main emphasis being on the new methods of synthesis such as microwave, sonochemistry and the use of ionic liquids. It also addresses the photochemistry and photophysics of the photosensitizers alone and in combination with nanoparticles, the use of the photosensitizers in environmental control, safety and medicine. It discusses the common structures of the photosensitizers which are beneficial to these applications.
Author: Karl Kadish
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0123932254
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 406
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Book Description
The Porphyrin Handbook, Volume 15: Phthalocyanines: Synthesis provides information pertinent to every aspect of the chemistry, synthesis, spectroscopy, and structure of phthalocyanines. This book examines the biology and medical implications of porphyrin systems. Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the importance of compounds such as heme and chlorophyll that play vital roles in the biological systems responsible for the transportation of oxygen to cells in the body. This text then explores the different methods used for the preparation of phthalocyanine and its metallated derivatives. Other chapters consider the detailed survey of phthalocyanine formation, characterization, and purification. This book discusses as well the synthesis of low-symmetry phthalocyanines and related compounds. The final chapter deals with a survey of the structure, synthesis, and physiochemical properties of porphyrazines with annulated heterocycles. This book is a valuable resource for research scientists, engineers, and clinicians.
Author: C. C. Leznoff
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 49
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Book Description
Binuclear phthalocyanines in which two different phthalocyanine nuclei are covalently linked through five-atom bridges, derived from 2-ethyl-2-methylpropan-1,3-diol are prepared. In the examples, one phthalocyanine ring is always substituted with neopentoxy substituents, while the other phthalocyanine ring is unsubstituted or contains a tert-butyl substituents or a neopentoxy substituted copper phthalocyanine, constituting a biculear phthalocyanine in which only one ring is metallated. The precursor, 2-(2-hydroxymethyl-2-methylbutoxy)-9,16,23-trineopentoxyphthalocyanine41 was prepared in solution and also by solid phase methods, using polymer-bound trityl chloride derived from a 1% divinylbenzene-co-styrene co-polymer. Keywords: Phthalocyanine, Binuclear, Pentanuclear, Polymer support. (jes).
Author: Mário J. F. Calvete
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN: 1681081245
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 572
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Book Description
This reference focuses on defined types of compounds which are of interest to readers who are motivated to explore basic information about new materials for advanced industrial applications. General and established synthetic methodologies for several compounds are explained giving a straightforward approaches for researchers who intend to pursue new projects in materials sciences, This book presents 9 chapters, covering phthalocyanines, polymethines, porphyrins, BODIPYs, dendrimers, carbon allotropes, organic frameworks, nanoparticles and future prospects. Each chapter covers detailed synthetic aspects of the most established preparation routes for the specific compounds, while giving a historical perspective, with selective information on actual and outstanding applications of each material, unraveling what likely might be the future for each category. This book is intended as a hands-on reference guide for undergraduates and graduates interested in industrial chemistry and materials science.
Author: Ponnadurai Ramasami
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN: 3110629925
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 227
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Book Description
This book reviews a variety of methods in computational chemistry and their applications in different fields of current research. Ab initio methods and regression analyses are discussed with special focus on their application to investigate chemical structures as for example dyes or drug compounds. Further topics are the use of computational methods in the modeling of spectroscopic data or to study reaction mechanisms.
Author: Edward A. Cuellar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 31
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Book Description
A straightforward, efficient, and generalizable synthesis of symmetrically substituted 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octaalkyl phthalocyanines and 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24,30,31-decaalkyl uranyl superphthalocyanines from o-dialkyl benzenes is described. For phthalocyanines, the approach is illustrated for methyl and n-butyl substituents. and both metal-free and nickel complexes are reported. Uranyl superphthalocyanines have been prepared with methyl and n-butyl substituents. The new complexes have been characterized by a variety of chemical and physicochemical methods. Quantitative determination of the solubilities of substituted and unsubstituted phthalocyanine and superphthalocyanine complexes in both 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and toluene demonstrates decreasing solubility in the order (4,5-Bu2)5SPcUO2> (4-Me)5SPcUO2> (4,5-Me2)5SPcUO2 - SPcUO2> (4-Me)4PcH2> Ni(4,5-Bu2)Pc> Ni(4,5-Me2) 4Pc - NiPc. Attempts to displace the uranyl ion from (4,5-R2)5SPcUO2 with acids or Cu(OAc)2 lead to the formation of (4,5-R2)4PcH2 or Cu(4,5-R2)4Pc, respectively. (Author).
