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ISBN: 9789276313847
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
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Book Description
The objective of this study carried out by external contractors for the European Commission is to put forward policy-oriented recommendations and measures to accompany the transition to automation and digitalisation for the labour force in the transport sector, looking at the situation from a European perspective and considering all modes of transport. The methodology for the study includes literature review, stakeholder interviews and surveys of social partners, companies and workers. Moreover, a participatory workshop with transport stakeholders was organised. The study developed a typology of different measures that can be used to support the transition to automation and digitalisation in the transport sector. It consists of (i) training programmes; (ii) social funds; (iii) national legislative acts on labour relations, concerning the social implications of automation and/or digitalisation; (iv) sectoral collective agreements on the social implications of automation and/or digitalisation; (v) enhancing channels for dialogue between employers and workers; (vi) social dialogue at EU level; (vii) measures addressing challenges related to the platform economy; and (viii) creating awareness and developing mentoring programmes. Within these eight groups of measures, a total of 26 individual measures and ten good practice examples are described in detail in the study. On the basis of the lessons learnt from these identified measures and good practice examples, the authors of the study then make a number of policy-oriented recommendations to stakeholders, including the European Commission, on how to manage the transition to automation and digitalisation for the labour force in the transport sector. These 12 policy-oriented recommendations take account of the analysis of the level of awareness and preparedness of transport stakeholders, and of their need for guidance and accompanying measures.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789276313847
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
The objective of this study carried out by external contractors for the European Commission is to put forward policy-oriented recommendations and measures to accompany the transition to automation and digitalisation for the labour force in the transport sector, looking at the situation from a European perspective and considering all modes of transport. The methodology for the study includes literature review, stakeholder interviews and surveys of social partners, companies and workers. Moreover, a participatory workshop with transport stakeholders was organised. The study developed a typology of different measures that can be used to support the transition to automation and digitalisation in the transport sector. It consists of (i) training programmes; (ii) social funds; (iii) national legislative acts on labour relations, concerning the social implications of automation and/or digitalisation; (iv) sectoral collective agreements on the social implications of automation and/or digitalisation; (v) enhancing channels for dialogue between employers and workers; (vi) social dialogue at EU level; (vii) measures addressing challenges related to the platform economy; and (viii) creating awareness and developing mentoring programmes. Within these eight groups of measures, a total of 26 individual measures and ten good practice examples are described in detail in the study. On the basis of the lessons learnt from these identified measures and good practice examples, the authors of the study then make a number of policy-oriented recommendations to stakeholders, including the European Commission, on how to manage the transition to automation and digitalisation for the labour force in the transport sector. These 12 policy-oriented recommendations take account of the analysis of the level of awareness and preparedness of transport stakeholders, and of their need for guidance and accompanying measures.
Author:
Publisher:
ISBN: 9789276313861
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Get Book Here
Book Description
The objective of this study carried out by external contractors for the European Commission is to put forward policy-oriented recommendations and measures to accompany the transition to automation and digitalisation for the labour force in the transport sector, looking at the situation from a European perspective and considering all modes of transport. The methodology for the study includes literature review, stakeholder interviews and surveys of social partners, companies and workers. Moreover, a participatory workshop with transport stakeholders was organised. The study developed a typology of different measures that can be used to support the transition to automation and digitalisation in the transport sector. It consists of (i) training programmes; (ii) social funds; (iii) national legislative acts on labour relations, concerning the social implications of automation and/or digitalisation; (iv) sectoral collective agreements on the social implications of automation and/or digitalisation; (v) enhancing channels for dialogue between employers and workers; (vi) social dialogue at EU level; (vii) measures addressing challenges related to the platform economy; and (viii) creating awareness and developing mentoring programmes. Within these eight groups of measures, a total of 26 individual measures and ten good practice examples are described in detail in the study. On the basis of the lessons learnt from these identified measures and good practice examples, the authors of the study then make a number of policy-oriented recommendations to stakeholders, including the European Commission, on how to manage the transition to automation and digitalisation for the labour force in the transport sector. These 12 policy-oriented recommendations take account of the analysis of the level of awareness and preparedness of transport stakeholders, and of their need for guidance and accompanying measures.
Author: Taylor & Francis Group
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 9781032084930
Category : Information technology
Languages : en
Pages : 344
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Book Description
Through a series of studies, the overarching aim of this book is to investigate if and how the digitalization/digital transformation process causes (or may cause) the autonomy of various labor functions, and its impact in creating (or stymieing) various job opportunities on the labor market. This book also seeks to illuminate what actors/groups are mostly benefited by the digitalization/digital transformation and which actors/groups that are put at risk by it. This book takes its point of departure from a 2016 OECD report that contends that the impact digitalization has on the future of labor is ambiguous, as on the one hand it is suggested that technological change is labor-saving, but on the other hand, it is suggested that digital technologies have not created new jobs on a scale that it replaces old jobs. Another 2018 OECD report indicated that digitalization and automation as such does not pose a real risk of destroying any significant number of jobs for the foreseeable future, although tasks would by and large change significantly. This would affects welfare, as most of its revenue stems from taxation, and particularly so from the taxation on labor (directly or indirectly). For this reason, this book will set out to explore how the future technological and societal advancements impact labor conditions. The book seeks to provide an innovative, enriching and controversial take on how various aspects of the labor market can be (and are) affected the ongoing digitalization trend in a way that is not covered by extant literature. As such, this book intends to cater to a wider readership, from a general audience and students, to specialized professionals and academics wanting to gain a deeper understanding of the possible future developments of the labor market in light of an accelerating digitalization/digital transformation of society at large.
Author: Bern Grush
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0128165103
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 334
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Book Description
While many transportation and city planners, researchers, students, practitioners, and political leaders are familiar with the technical nature and promise of vehicle automation, consensus is not yet often seen on the impact that will result, or the policies and actions that those responsible for transportation systems should take. The End of Driving: Transportation Systems and Public Policy Planning for Autonomous Vehicles explores both the potential of vehicle automation technology and the barriers it faces when considering coherent urban deployment. The book evaluates the case for deliberate development of automated public transportation and mobility-as-a-service as paths towards sustainable mobility, describing critical approaches to the planning and management of vehicle automation technology. It serves as a reference for understanding the full life cycle of the multi-year transportation systems planning processes, including novel regulation, planning, and acquisition tools for regional transportation. Application-oriented, research-based, and solution-oriented rather than predict-and-warn, The End of Driving concludes with a detailed discussion of the systems design needed for accomplishing this shift. From the Foreword by Susan Shaheen: The authors ... extend potential solutions through a set of open-ended exercises after each chapter. Their approach is both strategic and deliberate. They lead the reader from definitions and context setting to the transition toward automation, employing a range of creative strategies and policies. While our quest to understand how to deploy automated vehicles is just beginning, this book provides a thoughtful introduction to inform this evolution. Offers a workable public transit solution design melding the traditional “acquire-and-operate mode with the absorption of new technology Provides a step-by-step discussion of digital systems designs and effective regulation-by-data approaches needed for a new urban mobility Learning aids include case study scenarios, chapter objectives and discussion questions, sidebars and a glossary
Author: Alexander Paulsson
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 1839826509
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 248
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Book Description
Bringing together scholars from multiple fields, and using the results from a number of research projects, this book takes the discussion one step further by exploring the policy instruments available and needed for the governance of smart mobility.
Author: Leander Kauschke
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 365843001X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 310
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Book Description
Most contemporary notions of the fairly recent concept ‘smart mobility’ portray an imminent transition of similar socio-economic consequences as the shift from horses to automobiles did 100 years ago. Present book thus offers an in-depth look at the variables involved in the equation of smart mobility acceptance (1) and envisaged institutional change (2). Both views are embedded in the Multi-Level Perspective. Study 1 develops a structural equation model in SmartPLS. Use cases cover eBikes (N=537), mobility-as-a-service (N=531), and fully automated vehicles (N=558). Based on the results, acceptance relies on five factors: performance expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influence, habit, and hedonic motivation. Study 2 applies the Institutional Role Model (IRM) to better understand system dynamics. Thus, the smart mobility ecosystem is mapped in a structured manner. It identifies nine institutions, as well as four technical and four economic roles. Results of interviews with experts (N=8) support the IRM’s significance as a vision provider for a new mobility regime. In the end, these two perspectives amalgamate. This opens a sophisticated space for public debate about the commencing transition to smart mobility.
Author: Greg Marsden
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN: 178754320X
Category : Transportation
Languages : en
Pages : 189
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Book Description
The transition towards ‘smarter’ autonomous transport systems calls for a rethink in how transport is governed/who governs it, to ensure a step-change to a more sustainable future. This book critically reflects on these governance challenges analysing the role of the state; the new actors and discourses; and the implications for state capacity.
Author: Guido Dartmann
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 1000405656
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 224
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Book Description
The book provides a broad overview of the challenges and recent developments in the field of smart mobility and transportation, including technical, algorithmic and social aspects of smart mobility and transportation. It reviews new ideas for services and platforms for future mobility. New concepts of artificial intelligence and the implementation in new hardware architecture are discussed. In the context of artificial intelligence, new challenges of machine learning for autonomous vehicles and fleets are investigated. The book also investigates human factors and social questions of future mobility concepts. The goal of this book is to provide a holistic approach towards smart transportation. The book reviews new technologies such as the cloud, machine learning and communication for fully atomatized transport, catering to the needs of citizens. This will lead to complete change of concepts in transportion.
Author: Ajay Agrawal
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226833127
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 172
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Book Description
A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.
Author: Mathias Mitteregger
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3662670046
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 462
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Book Description
The subject of this open-access publication is the impact of connected and automated vehicles on the European city and the conditions under which this technology can make a positive contribution to urban development. The authors put forward two theses that have received little attention in the scientific discourse so far: Connected and automated vehicles will not become fully established in all sub-areas of the city for a long time. As a result, previously assumed effects - from traffic safety to traffic performance as well as spatial effects - will have to be reevaluated. To ensure a positive contribution of this technology to the mobility of the future, transport and settlement policy regulations must be further developed. Established territorial, institutional and organizational boundaries need to be challenged in a timely manner. Despite or because of the existing great uncertainties, we are at the beginning of a phase of yet shaping the possible future - in technology development, but also in politics, urban planning, administration and civil society. Description of the chapters: 1. Connected and automated driving: The long level 4 Mathias Mitteregger reflects on the road ahead for automated driving. What pathways of technological development induce which kind of spatial effects and planning needs? 2. Connected and automated driving: Consideration of the local, spatial context and spatial differentiation Emilia M. Bruck and Aggelos Soteropoulos reflect on the importance of the local context when classifying and estimating the effects of different forms of automated mobility. 3. Connected and automated driving in the context of a sustainable transport and mobility transformation Andrea Stickler, Jens S. Dangschat and Ian Banerjee integrate possible potentials of automated mobility in the context of a transformed, sustainable transport system. PART I: Mobility and transport 4. Self-driving turnaround or automotive continuity? Reflections on technology, innovation and social change Katharina Manderscheid reflects on how differing visions of an automated future can be understood with regard to divergent interests in technological development. 5. Automated drivability and streetscape compatibility in the urban-rural continuum using the example of Greater Vienna Aggelos Soteropoulos analyses how different street spaces align with technological requirements of automated mobility, creating a suitability framework for road spaces in the Greater Vienna region. 6. Automation, public transport and Mobility as a Service: Experience from tests with automated shuttle buses The authors show what types of automated public transport might be used in the future and what can be learned from testing automated shuttle buses in the past. 7. Delivery robots as a solution for the last mile in the city? Bert Leerkamp, Aggelos Soteropoulos and Martin Berger describe how automated delivery robots could be contextualized in terms of solving last-mile problems and discuss what implications might lie ahead for urban planning. PART II: Public space 8. Control and design of spatial mobility interfaces The authors identify the possible implications of automated mobility for mobility interfaces and explore how public spaces could be transformed. 9. Transformations of European public spaces with AVs Robert Martin, Emilia M. Bruck and Aggelos Soteropoulos use the example of Copenhagen to show how public spaces could be transformed in an age of automated urban mobility and benefit from lower car dependency. 10. At the end of the road: Total safety Mathias Mitteregger discusses how the desire for road safety affects public spaces and how automated mobility influences this discourse. 11. Integration of cycling into future urban transport structures with connected and automated vehicles Looking at the future of mobility, Lutz Eichholz and Detlef Kurth show that the bike actually offers solutions to many of our current problems and that planning should not forget to integrate cycling into future urban transport structures and systems. 12. Against the driverless city Steven Fleming argues for a radical shift in cities towards a highly improved cycling infrastructure eradicating the need for automated mobility. Part III: Spatial development 13. Strategic spatial planning, “smart shrinking” and the deployment of CAVs in rural Japan Ian Banerjee and Tomoyuki Furutani show where automated mobility could help tackle pressing issues in rural Japan. 14. Integrated strategic planning approaches to automated transport in the context of the mobility transformation The authors show how new forms of automated mobility could be integrated into mobility systems in diverse spatial structures in the city region of Vienna with the overriding goal of the mobility transformation. 15. Opportunities from past mistakes: Land potential en route to an automated mobility system Looking at the mistakes made in building a car-centric environment in the past, Mathias Mitteregger and Aggelos Soteropoulos identify future areas of urban transformation as a result of a lower demand for car-centric infrastructures and businesses. Part IV: Governance 16. New governance concepts for digitalization: Challenges and potentials Alexander Hamedinger contextualizes the manifold paths towards an automated future with regard to governance and describes how governance concepts might need to adapt in the future. 17. How are automated vehicles driving spatial development in Switzerland? Fabienne Perret and Christof Abegg show how automated vehicles are influencing spatial development in Switzerland, focusing on three different scenarios on the road ahead. 18. Lessons from local transport transition projects for connected and automated transport Andrea Stickler looks at local projects aiming at a transformation of mobility practices and reflects on implications for automated transport. 19. Connected and automated transport in the socio-technical transition Jens S. Dangschat looks at societal transformations in the past and contextualizes automated mobility in terms of a possible socio-technical transition ahead. 20. Data-driven urbanism, digital platforms and the planning of MaaS in times of deep uncertainty: What does it mean for CAVs? Ian Banerjee, Peraphan Jittrapirom and Jens S. Dangschat show how continuous digitalization in cities might affect possible uses and implementations of CAVs and their accompanying systems.
